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Explanation: When complemented by tables of composition of
feeds it is then possible to accurately formulate rations for

 or groups of animals, a process essential for operation
of a least-cost ration feeding program. Œ

 



~ 
  
 









  
        



 


 
   



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 ~he amount of nutrients needed to maintain
basic bodily functions. All others categories of nutritional
needs are based on maintenance. ~he animal will used
nutrient first to meet its maintenance requirements, and
then additional nutrients will be used for other needs.
| c ~he need for nutrients for growth is greatest in
younger animals.
| •
~he production of milk demands tremendous
amount of certain nutrients. A lactating female has one the
highest nutritional needs of any animal. In addition to an
increased need for energy, lactating animals need more
calcium and phosphorus than nonlactating animals.
| 
ôemales need to be in optimal health to
successfully become pregnant. As the fetus grows, there
maybe increase in the need for specific nutrients. ôemales
in the early pregnancy that are lactating need to be fed to
meet the lactational need, not fed to the reproductive need.
| 0Animals that used energy and are involved in
physical work will have an increase nutritional needs when
compared to animals that are not working. Energy for work
 will come after the animals have met its need for
maintenance; therefore, environmental characteristic such
as temperature can affect how much energy is needed for
the working animals.

| ~ 

 
   





  

| ÿôAlso known as feedstuffs, they're blends of
various additives and raw materials that are formulated to
specifically suit the intended animal. ~hey're often produced as
pellets or crumbles. ~hey can be used to either satisfy the complete
nutritional requirements of their target animals or as a supplement
to other staples of the animals' diets. ~hey're often complemented
with extra vitamins and minerals.

| ôIs used primarily to feed domesticated livestock such as
goats, sheep, cattle, horses and pigs. It is typically composed of
plant matter like hay, straw and grains. ~he term is used to
describe these plants being given to the animals after the plants
have been harvested, which contrasts with forage. Meat and bone
meal are occasionally mixed into fodder, which has been
frequently blamed for the spread of mad cow disease and has been
banned in many countries.


| ôlant matter that is literally grown in a confined area
with the intention of having it grazed upon by various livestock. It
can be composed of legumes, grasses, corn, oats, alfalfa, silage
and other edible plants. ~he act of eating or grazing upon the plant
matter is known as foraging.


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