Quality and creativity

In ancient Egypt

By
Hany Eid Abdel Mageed

Quality Concept
 Quality is external
and internal customer satisfaction. Quality is fitness for use.
 Quality is making
what the customer wants so as to delight the customer.
 It means near
100% accuracy in the first run. First time right and Quality first
attitude. Meeting standards.
 No rework
 No complaints or
reprocessing requirement from the customer
 Quality means
pursuing what is ideal. Not making any compromises.

 There are two components of Quality.

 Product features
and freedom from deficiencies are the main determinants of
customer satisfaction.
 Product Features
 Performance
 Reliability
 Durability
 Ease of use
 Serviceability
 Aesthetics
 Availability of
options and expandability
 Reputation
  Freedom from deficiencies.
 Product free of defects and errors at delivery, during use and
during servicing
 Sales, billing and other business processes free of errors.
 Freedom from deficiencies refers to quality of conformance.
Increasing the quality of conformance results in lower costs,
fewer complaints and increased customer satisfaction

How to discuss these concepts when studying ancient Egypt

civilization:

1. Mummification :

The ancient Egyptian were the ultimate practitioners of these complex

procedures and the mummies condition after 4000 years is a
powerful example of there creativity
Abu Simbel
Located more than 150 miles south of modern-day Aswan near the
west bank ofthe Nile River, Abu Simbel was the siteof two rock
temples built in Nubia byNineteenth Dynasty king Ramses II.

Another dramatic feature of this tem-ple is that twice each year, on approxi-mately April 22
and October 22 (onemonth after the spring and autumnalequinox, respectively), a shaft of
lightfrom the rising sun passes through thetemple entrance, down a corridor, pasteight floor-
to-ceiling pillars, and into aniche at the far end of the sanctuary, a dis-tance of roughly 180
feet back into the rock. There the sun illuminates four stat-ues normally in darkness:
likenesses ofKing Ramses II and the gods Ptah, Amun-Re, and Re-Horakhty, the three
most im

Artists’ styles and techniques for creat-ing their works varied little over the ages.Statuary
typically showed figures at rest,with no attempt to suggest movementeven if the depiction
was of a person en-gaged in some ordinary daily activity. Incarvings and paintings, human
figureswere typically shown in profile, facingright, although the eye and eyebrow onthat side
were often shown in full view

BUCHIS BULL
76
Asia, where it occurs naturally. More-over, the Egyptians began to
experimentwith the manufacturing process to findthe optimum
proportions of the two met-als, heating the ores over charcoal
firesand blowing air on them using bellowsmade of goatskins and
reed pipes.See
also copper and copper molds; mining
and metalworking.
Buchis (Bukhe) bull
Buchis was the sacred bull of Erment,south of Thebes, where there
was a cultcenter dedicated to the god Mont. TheBuchis bull was
considered a physicalmanifestation of Mont, so it was kept in aspecial
stall and was well cared forthroughout its life. When the bull died, itwas
mummified, placed in a coffin, andentombed or buried in a Theban
cemetery,whereupon a new Buchis was chosenfrom among the local
population of bulls.However, only a bull with a black headand white
body could be selected. Overtime, the association between Buchis
andMont weakened, and eventually Buchiswas associated with Amun-
Re or Osirisinstead. See also Amun; bulls, sacred;Mont; Osiris.
building materials
Prior to approximately 3400B.C. ancientEgyptian homes, shrines, and
other struc-tures were made of bundles of reeds andother plant
materials. Small buildings wereoccasionally made of wood, but since
goodtimber was scarce, wood was rarely used.Then, sometime during
the Predynastic Pe-riod, the Egyptians figured out how to turntheir
plentiful Nile River mud into bricks,and this became their main building
mater-ial. Homes, tombs, palaces, shrines, andcity walls were all made
with mud bricksthat had been shaped in molds and dried inthe sun.

Deir el-Bahri (Djeseru)

Deir el-Bahri is the Arabic name for theancient Egyptian town of
Djeseru, whichwas directly across the Nile River from thereligious
center of Thebes. There werefour major building complexes in Deir el-
Bahri: the Eleventh Dynasty mortuarytemple of Montuhotep I
(Nebhetepre), theEighteenth Dynasty temples of QueenHatshepsut
and King Tuthmosis III, andthe Nineteenth Dynasty temple of
RamsesII. The temple of Montuhotep II wascarved from a cliff and had
two levels; theburial chamber was under the terracedtemple, which
had 140 columns. Thestructure also featured wall art with scenesfrom
Montuhotep II’s life, including hisforeign campaigns and hunting trips.

pyramids
Pyramids are ancient Egyptian monumentsthat have a square base with
four triangularsides rising to form a point. A total of 110pyramids have
been found in Egypt, alongwith twenty tombs atop which
pyramidsprobably once sat, and more are being dis-covered all the time.
The most recent dis-covery is that of a pyramid belonging to
anunidentified queen. This structure is locatedin Abu Roash, near the
pyramid of KingDjedefre. Of the pyramids that have beenfound, forty-two
are known to have be-longed to kings. Scattered from north tosouth along
the Nile River and into theFaiyum in the cities of Abu Roash,
Giza,Zawiyet el-Aryan, Abusir, Saqqara, Dashur,Mazghuna, el-Lisht,
Meidum, Seila, Lahun,
Egyp
t’s
pyra
mids
are
of
fourt
ypes:
the
step
pyra
mid,
whic
h has
sides
terra
ced
to
look
like
steps
; the
true
pyra-
mid,
with
smo
oth
sides
; the
bent
pyra
mid,
whic
h has
a
chan
ge in
the
angl
e of
each
side’
s
face
mid
way
up
the
pyra
mid;
andt
he
sarco
phag
us-
shap
ed
pyra
mid,
whic
hhas
no
point
and
there
fore
is
class
ified
byso
me
Egyp
tolog
ists
as a
mast
aba
tomb
rathe
r
than
a
pyra
mid.
Of
these
, the
truep
yram
id is
the
most
num
erou
s,
with
thirt
y-
five
kno
wn
to
exist.
Egyp
tolog
ists
have
de-
termi
ned
that
the
step
pyra
mids
, of
whic
hther
e are
five,
were
prec
ursor
s to
the
truep
yram
ids.
Egyp
tolog
ists
disag
ree
on
whyt
he
other
two
types
of
pyra
mids
exist,
butth
ere is
only
one
of
each