AFOSR

Flight Dynamics and

US-Korea Nanoscience Program
17 March 2011

Lt Col John Seo

Technical Director
AFOSR/AOARD
Air Force Office of Scientific Research
Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 88ABW-2011-0800
 2011 AFOSR SPRING REVIEW
AOARD Flight Dynamics
NAME: John S. Seo

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PORTFOLIO:

Collaborative research in support of AFRL mission in
Flight Dynamics and Nanotechnology

SUB-AREAS IN PORTFOLIO:
Aerodynamics & controls science for MAV applications:
• Bio-inspired flight
• Unsteady and low-Re aerodynamics
• Cooperative control
• Collision avoidance

Nanoscience collaboration between US and Korea:

Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, and Info Technology (NBIT)

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 Scientific Challenges

Insect-sized MAVs

• Unsteady low-Re aerodynamics and aeroelasticity

• Urban environment (gust tolerance, non-GPS NGC, collision
avoidance, swarm control)
• Energy and power (on- and off-board)
• Ultra-low-power sensors
• Advanced multifunctional materials
• Intelligence / autonomy
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 Transformational Opportunities

• Nanorobotics / Nanomachines / Nanosystems:

– One of nine NNI’s Grand Challenges
– True revolution in capabilities

• Swarms of Micro Air Vehicles:

– Inexpensive, ubiquitous ISR sensors
– Autonomous
– Hazardous environment
– Dual military / civilian applications

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 Other Organizations That Fund
Related Work

Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs)

• Puts undetected eyes and ears in
dense or anti-access areas
• Fuels our competency in low-speed
aero, controls, and advanced structural
concepts

Cooperative and Intelligent Control

• Helps UAVs work together, act, and
react like manned assets
• Builds upon our competency in
cooperative control and adaptive
control
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AFRL / RB Strategic Plan, Dec 2008
 Shared Key Technologies
IT

Sensor network
▶Bioelectronics Mobile transmission ▶Nanosensor
▶Biointerface ▶Nanoelectronics

Mobile
Nano-Bio
Biotechnology/ Sensor
Development of 5 µm MEMS
biosensor/enzyme Microchip
platform (evolution Lithography
etc) Microcontact
printing
BT NT

▶NanoBioSensor
▶Biofunctional materials 6
 Recent Transitions

• From US-Korea NBIT:

– Phase I researcher now faculty at UC San Francisco
– NBIT Phase II participation from Army and Navy

• Korean PI’s algorithm:

Equivalent Static Loads
in MSC NASTRAN

• Australian PI collaboration with AFRL/RB:

– Stereo-PIV measurement techniques

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 US-Korea NBIT Program History
Motivation: COI: L. Lee, C. Lee, AFOSR/RSA
Leverage AFRL’s overall nanotechnology H. Weinstock, AFOSR/RSE
programs with Korea’s heavy S&T investment H. DeLong, AFOSR/RSL
in nanotechnology M. Mah, AFOSR/RSA
AFRL (Nano Working Group)
PM: J. Seo, AOARD Navy’s ONR-Global
PIs: US & Korean Nano Scientists Army’s ITC-PAC

2003 - 2007 2007 - 2010 2010 - 2013

Workshop
(AFOSR visits UKC 2010, Seattle
MOST, Korea)
Phase II: 9 grants
Phase I: 10 grants
University/AFRL/DoD
1-year seed grants Collaboration
University Collaborations

Strategy plan IT
IT
NT
NT
BT
BT 8
 US-Korea NBIT Projects
Phase II: 2010-2013
1. Multifunctional yarns and fabrics for energy applications
Ray Baughman / University of Texas Dallas Seon-Jeong Kim / Hanyang University

2. Nano-engineered materials for controlled thermal transport and harvesting

Jimmy Xu / Brown University Kibum Kim / Seoul National University

3. Metal-free & oxygen-free graphene catalysts for highly efficient fuel cells
Liming Dai / Case Western University Jong-Beom Baek / Ulsan Nat’l Institute of S&T

4. Large area graphene synthesis and its applications

Moon J. Kim/UT Dallas & Young-Hee Lee / Sungkyunkwan University
Minhee Yun / Univ. of Pittsburgh

5. Large-scale energy harvesting based on piezoelectric nanogenerators

Zhong Lin Wang / Georgia Institute Technol. Sang-Woo Kim / Sungkyunkwan University

6. Tunable phoXonic band gap materials from self-assembly of block copolymers

Edwin Thomas / MIT Young-Jong Kang / Hanyang University

7. Meso-size effect (MSE) from self-assembled carbon structure & their device applications
Ji-Woong Park / Cornell University Hee-Cheul Choi / POSTECH

8. Integrated nano-optoplasmonics
Hongkun Park / Harvard University Moon-Ho Jo / POSTECH

9. Massively parallel nanostructure assemblies for sensing and information technology

Chad Mirkin / Northwestern University Seunghun Hong / Seoul National University
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 Tunable PhoXonic Band Gap Materials
from Self Assembled Block Copolymers
Edwin Thomas (MIT); Jong Kang (Hanyang U.)

Block Copolymer PhoXonic Gels with Temperature Tunable Band Gaps

Goal: (1) Develop/characterize the temperature responsive block copolymer photonic gels
(2) Understand the gel’s photonic and phononic responses
Applications: phoXonic gels for
(1) Temperature responsive protective coatings and/or
(2) Temperature sensors
Approaches:
(1) Lamellar gels by block copolymer self-assembly & selective swelling of one block
(2) Characterize photonic band gap properties using reflectivity spectra at various
temperatures by a UV-visible spectrometer
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(3) Characterize phononic band gap properties using Brillouin Light Scattering 10
 Block Copolymer PhoXonic Gels with
Temperature Tunable Band Gaps
Status and progress:
(1) PS-P2VP in acid aqueous solutions showing sensitive blue shift at high temperatures
(2) PS-P2VP in cyclohexane showing red shift at high temperatures
(3) PS-b-P2VP photonic gels showing optical hysteresis dependent on species of anions
(4) Hysteric photonic gels showing nonvolatile memory behavior

Future work:
(1) Temperature responses of gels in other solvents
(2) Quantitatively model the thermodynamic and dynamic
behavior of the temperature responses
1 hr 96 hr erased 11
(3) Characterize phononic band structure
 Nano-materials & Structural Engineering
for Thermal Highways
Jimmy Xu (Brown U.)
Kibum Kim (Seoul Nat’l U.) Nano-patterning effect on thermoelectric power
Bi 3.5
Quartz Bi at T = 300 K
substrat 3
e
AIPEL 2.5
AAO Mask
Bi

ΔV (mV)
2
Quartz
Substrate 1.5
Sample 1 (unpatterned)

Sample 2 (unpatterned)
Bi Thin Film by PLD 1
Sample 1 (210 s etch)
0.5
Sample 2 (300 s etch)
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
ΔT (K)
Resistivity: ~405 μΩcm * Bulk Bismuth : 130 μΩcm
Goal: 1-D, 2-D, 3-D nanostructures & nanopatterning for thermal transport control
Applications: Unidirectional heat flow; heat flow in microchips; thermal energy harvesting
Science: Break phonon propagation symmetry, phonon mode selection and filtering,
nonlinear phonon conversion, and decoupling electron and phonon transports
Approach: Bismuth chosen for potential to manifest unusual quantum size effects on 12
electron transport and its large thermoelectric power
 INDO-US MAV Science Program
2008-2010
Motivation: Supporters:
Promote Aerodynamics and Controls M. Maurice, AFOSR/IO
Science for AFRL’s Micro Air Vehicle W. Larkin, AFOSR/RSL
programs by leveraging India’s recent S. Banda and M. Ol, AFRL/RB
thrust into MAVs G. Abate, AFRL/RW (now EOARD)
PIs: 8 Indian Aerodynamic & Controls Scientists

Workshop
2008 2009 2010 ICIUS 2010, Bali

PI: Arnab Roy,

I.I.T. Kharagpur

PI: Sunetra Sarkar, PI: Kartik Venkatraman,

I.I.T. Madras Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

PI: Das, Debopam

I.I.T. Kanpur

PI: K.R. Sreenivas,

Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore

PI: Jaywant Arakeri,

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

AFRL/RB, ONR-G, ITC-PAC Renewed with support from

DARPA AFRL/RB, ONR-G, ITC-PAC
6 Aero + 2 NGC 13
AFOSR/IO International Initiative
 INDO-US MAV Science Program
Collision avoidance of UAVs using nonlinear Mechanosensory & visual cues used by
geometric & differential geometric guidance honey bees during flight

Pop-up
obstacle Safety
UAV boundary

Path planned Goal

using MPSP
Re-planned
path

Quick realignment of velocity vector

Computationally efficient algorithms

Radhakant Padhi Sanjay Sane

Indian Institute of Science Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
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 Wing-Halteres Mechanosensory Study

Sanjay Sane,
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

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 High Order Unsteady Aerodynamics
via Wavelet Transformation Method
Do Hyung Lee, Hanyang Univ.
Objective: Predictive numerical tool:
• High order accuracy
• Computational efficiency
Status and progress: Developed 3rd order A B
spatial and temporal accurate model with
adaptive wavelet transformation:
• 2-D algorithm validated on shock-vortex
interaction Conventional Adaptive wavelet
Future work:
• Extend to 3-D and validate using
impinging jet or unsteady low-Re
aerodynamics
Wavelet L2 CPU Time
Level Error Time Ratio
Convention’l 12718.7
Level 1 1.65E-07 8916.2 1.43
Level 2 2.17E-07 6830.1 1.86
Level 3 2.36E-07 5979.1 2.13
Level 4 2.54E-07 6008.4 2.12 Density contour plot along A-B 16
 Swarm Positional Control
via Broadcast Control Mechanism
Debasish Ghose
Indian Inst. of Science

Objective: Achieve computationally efficient swarm control

Status and progress: Developed efficient one-way communications architecture
algorithm with numerical simulation validations

Future work: Scale up to large swarms

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 Program Trends

Aerodynamics and Controls

• Bio-inspired flight
• Low-Re aerodynamics (experimental and computational)
• Navigation & control (obstacle avoidance, cooperative swarm control)

Nanotechnology
AF-Korea NBIT (Phase II)
• Nanomaterials for structures, power, sensors, electronics, photonics
• Nano-biomaterials for power, electronics, photonics
• Information technology

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 Summary

Korean NBIT Program

Completed Phase I (2007-2010) – Joint Symposium at UKC 2010
Started 9 Phase II projects (2010-2013) in May 2010

Indian MAV Program

Completed 2nd Year (2008-2010) with AFRL, ITC-PAC and ONR-G support
Transitioned opportunities to AFRL MAV initiative

Other Flight Dynamics and Controls Program

Recruit PIs to complement AFRL basic research

Questions?

"Science is an international enterprise.........there is no

German science, no Asian Science, no Hindu Science"
John S. Rigden, American Physicist, who spent two years in India and two years in Burma 19