TOPIC: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

DATE\TIME: 01-22-11/1:00-4:00 pm
LECTURER: Engr. Jeffrey P. Landicho

Differential Equations
• Is an equation containing at least one derivative. • rate of change of the concentration of the
Solutions to first order D.E. mixture
Variable Separable Type • Q = concentration of the mixture at any time t
• P(x) dx + Q(y) dy = 0 ; Standard Form Cooling and Heating Problems
• ; General Solution • ; Cooling Process
Homogeneous Type
• M(x,y) dx + N(x,y) dy = 0 ; SF • ; Heating Process
• Substitute y =vx or x = vy and the resulting DE
becomes a variable separable type ; GS • = surrounding temperature
Exact Type
• M(x,y) dx + N(x,y) dy = 0 ; SF • = rate of change of the temp.
• F(x,y) = C ; GS • T = temp. of body at any time
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
• F(x,y) =
• F(x,y) = • F=m
Orthogonal Trajectory
• Test of Exactness:
•
Linear Type
• ; SF • = slope of Orthogonal Trajectory

• • = slope of the given family of curves

Electric Circuits
•
; GS
Bernoulli’s Equation Type •
• ; SF
•

Application of first order D.E.

Population Growth Problems
•

• rate of change of the population

• P = no. of inhabitants at any time t
• k = constant of proportionality
Growth\Decay Problems
•

• = rate of change of the substance

• Q = amount of substance at any time t
Continuous Compound Interest Problems
•

• = rate of change of the amount

• P = money present at the account at any time t
• r = nominal rate of interest per year
Flow Problems
•
 11. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of
parabolas y 2= ax.
a.x2 + y2 = C b. x2 + 2y2 = C
Name: c. 2x2 + y2 = C d. x2 + 3y2 = C
Direction: Answer the following question and encircle the 12. Just before midday the body of an apparent homicide
correct answer. No erasure! victim is found in a room with a constant temperature
1. Find the orthogonal trajectories of family of curves y of 70°F. at 12 noon the temperature of the body is
= ax5. 80°F and at 1 pm it is 75°F. assume that the
a. x2 + 5y2 = C b. x2 - 5y2 = C temperature at the time of death was 98.6°F and it
2 2
c. x + 4y = C d. 2x2 + 5y2 = C was cooled in accordance with Newton’s Law. What
1. Solve the equation (y2 – xy )dx + x2dy = 0 was the time of death.
a. y = x/( lnx –C) b. y = x lnx –C c. y = 2x/ a. 10:29 AM b. 10:30 AM
ln(x –C) d. y = x/ ln(2x –C) c. 10:28 AM d. 10:27 AM
2. A certain piece of dubious information about 13. Consider a tank that initially contains 100 gallons of a
phenylethyiamine in the drinking water began to solution in which 50 pounds of salt is dissolved.
spread one day in a city with a population of 100,000. Suppose that 3 gal. of brine, each gallon containing
Within a week, 10,000 had heard this rumor. Assume 2 pounds of salt, runs into the tank each minute, and
that the rate of increase of the number who have that the mixture is kept uniform by stirring, runs out at
heard the rumor is proportional to the number who a rate of 2 gal/min. find the amount of salt in one
have not yet heard it. How long will be until half the hour.
population of the city has heard the rumor? a.261.4 b.216.4
a. 49 days b. 46 days c. c.246.1 d.264.1
42 days d. 44 days 14. A 10 ohms resistor and 10 ohms inductor are
3. Solve = x2 connected in series across a source of 12 volts. If the
4
a. xy = x /4 + C b. xy = x2/4 + C current is initially zero, find the current at the end of 5
3
c. xy = x /4 + C d. xy = x5/4 + C millisecond.
a.5.98 mA b.6.98mA
4. Find the particular solution of the curve which passes c.3.1 mA d.4.2mA
through the point (1,2) if the equation of its slope
dy/dx = 2x – 3.
15. According to Newton’s law of cooling, the rate at
a.y = 2x2 - 3x + 4 which a substance cools in air is directly proportional
b. y = 3x2 - 3x + 5 to the difference between the temperature of the
c. y = x2 - 2x + 6 substance and that of air. If the temperature of air is
d. y = x2 - 3x + 4 30° C and the substance cools from 100°C to 70°C
in 15 minutes, how long will it take to cool 100°C to
5. The equation y2 = cx is the general solution of : 50°C.
a.dy/dx = 2y/x b.dy/dx = 2x/y a.30.59 min b.31.59 min
c.dy/dx = y/2x d.dy/dx = x/2y c.32.59 min d.33.59 min
6. Solve : x(y-1)dx + (x+1)dy = 0. If y = 2 when x = 1, 16. Under certain conditions, the cane sugar in water is
determine y when x = 2. converted into dextrose at the rate which is
a.1.8 b.1.48 proportional to the amount of that is converted at any
c.1.55 d.1.63 time. If 75 kg at time t = 0, 8 kg are converted during
7. Obtain the differential equation of the family of the first 30 mins, find the amount converted in 2
straight lines with slope and y-intercept equal. hours.
a. ydx – (x +1)dy = 0 a.27.23 kg b.72.32kg
b. ydx + (x +1)dy = 0 c.72.23kg d.23.27kg
c. 2ydx – (x +1)dy = 0 17. The intensity of light I is at the depth of x meters
d. 2ydx + (x +1)dy = 0 below the surface of the lake satisfies the differential
8. The population of the Philippines in the tear 1986 equation dI/dx = -1.4I. At what depth is the intensity
was 60 million and at 1996 is 65 million. If the rate of half the intensity Io(where x = 0)
population growth is proportional to the population, a.0.495m b.0.380m
find the population in the year 2000. b.0.648m d.1.050m
a.76.1 M b.86.1 M 18. In a tank are 100 liters of brine containing 50 kg. total
c.75.6M d. 67.1 M of dissolve salt. Pure water is allowed to run into the
9. The amount of P2, 825 in 8 years at 5% tank at a rate of 3 L/min. brine runs out of the tank at
compounded continuously is: a rate of 2 L/min. the instantaneous concentration in
a.4214.4 b.4124.4 the brine is kept uniform by stirring. How much salt is
c.4421.4 c.4144.4 in the tank at the end of 1 hour?
10. Radium decomposes at the rate proportional to the a.19.53 kg b.15.93kg
amount ay any instant. In 100 years, 100 mg of c.20.54kg c.16.93kg
radium decomposes to 96 mg. how many mg will be 19. Solve the differential equation:( D – 3)(D2 + 3D + 2) =
left after 100 years? 0, where D is the differential operator d/dx when x = 1
a.91.16 b.92.16 determine y in terms of the constant of integration.
c.93.16 d.94.16 a.2.718C1 + 7.389C2 – 20.086C3
 b. 0.368C1 + 0.135C2 + 0.5C3 A)4.34 B)4.43
c. 0.368C1 + 7.389C2 + 20.086C3 C) 3.43 D)3.34
d. 0.368C1 + 0.135C2 + 20.086C3 27. A body falls from rest. If the resistance of the air is
20. A 400-gallon tank initially contains 100 gal of brine proportional to the speed, and if the limiting speed is
containing 50 lb of salt. Brine containing 1lb/gal 160 ft/sec, find the speed after 5 sec.
enters the tank at a rate of 5 gal/sec and flows out at A)101 ft/sec B)98 ft/sec
the rate of 3 gal/sec. how much salt will the tank C) 105 ft/sec D)95 ft/sec
contains when it is full of brine. 28. Radium decomposes at the rate proportional to the
a. 393.75 lbs b. 379.96 lbs amount present. If the half-life is 1600 years, find the
c. 375.25 lbs d. 493.75 lbs percentage remaining at the end of 200 years.
A)91.7% B)98.5% C)
93.7% D)95%
29. If the amount of money invested at continuously
compounded interest doubles itself in 10 years, find
how long it will triple.
A)15.85years B)17.34 years
SUPPLEMENTARY PROBLEMS: C) 10.78 years D)12.64 years
20. The rate of growth of a population is proportional to 30. Just before midday the body of an apparent homicide
the present population. If it is 1,000 initially and is victim is found in a room with a constant temperature
2,000 10 hours later, how long will it take in hours to of 70°F. at 12 noon the temperature of the body is
reach 5,000? 80°F and at 1 pm it is 75°F. assume that the
A)33.44 B)23.22 temperature at the time of death was 98.6°F and it
C)27.86 D)19.35 was cooled in accordance with Newton’s Law. What
21. A certain piece of dubious information about was the time of death.
phenylethyiamine in the drinking water began to A)10:29 AM B) 10:30 AM
spread one day in a city with a population of 100,000. C) 10:28 AM D) 10:27 AM
Within a week, 10,000 had heard this rumor. Assume
that the rate of increase of the number who have 31. Find the orthogonal trajectories of family of curves y
heard the rumor is proportional to the number who = ax5.
have not yet heard it. How long will be until half the A)x2 + 5y2 = C B) x2 - 5y2 = C
2 2
population of the city has heard the rumor? C) x + 4y = C D) 2x2 + 5y2 = C
A)49 days B)46 days 32. A 400-gallon tank initially contains 100 gal of brine
C)42 days D)44 days containing 50 lb of salt. Brine containing 1lb/gal
22. A tank initially contains 200 liters of fresh water. Brine enters the tank at a rate of 5 gal/sec and flows out at
containing 2 N/L dissolved salt enters the tank at 5 the rate of 3 gal/sec. how much salt will the tank
L/min and the resulting mixture leaves the tank at the contains when it is full of brine.
same rate. Find the salt concentration in the tank A)393.75 lbs B) 379.96 lbs
after 5 minutes. C) 375.25 lbs D) 493.75 lbs
A)0.235 N/L B) 0.335 N/L C) 0.535
N/L D) 0.245 N/L
23. A metal object at 120°F is set on an insulating pad to
cool. The temperature falls from 120°F to 100°F in 12
minutes. The surroundings are at 65°F. Find the time
required for that object to continue to cool from 98°F
to 80°F. Assume negligible conduction and radiation
losses in both cases. Ans. 20.9 minutes
A)20.9 min B) 21.9 min
C) 22.9 min D) 23.9 min
24. When a bullet is fired into a sand bag, it will be
assume that the retardation is equal to the square
root of its velocity on entering. For how long will it
travel if the velocity on entering of the bag is 144
ft/sec
A)24sec B)23sec
C)27 sec D)19sec
25. Carbon extracted from the ancient skull contained
only 1/6 as much radioactive 14C as carbon extracted
from present day bone. How old is the skull if k =
0.0001216
A)14,735 years B)1,499 years
C) 15,735 years D) 2,499 years
26. An inductance of L henry and a resistance of 10
ohms are connected in series across a 100 volts
source. If the current is initially zero and is equal to 9
amperes after 1 second, find L.