To cite this article: Shoumen Palit Austin Datta Dr (2015) L’Internet des Objets :
la troisième révolution industrielle, Logistique & Management, 23:3, 29-33, DOI:
10.1080/12507970.2015.11742760
Article views: 9
2QSHXWGDWHUGHO¶RULJLQHGHODFRQFHS- G¶XQHQRXYHOOHGp¿QLWLRQUHPHWWDQWHQFDXVH
WXDOLVDWLRQGHO¶,QWHUQHWLQGXVWULHOGHV2EMHWV G¶DQFLHQQHV FRQYLFWLRQV 2Q SHXW UDLVRQQD-
Internet of Things ± ,R7 HQ DQJODLV JUkFH EOHPHQW FUDLQGUH TX¶LO VRLW SRUWp DWWHLQWH j
DXWUDYDLOGH0DUN:HLVHUGX3$5&GH;H- OD VpFXULWp PDLV RQ QRWH XQH FHUWDLQH UpWL-
UR[ 3DOR $OWR 5HVHDUFK &HQWHU ,QFRUSR- FHQFHjUHQRQFHUDX[EpQp¿FHVDVVRFLpV'HV
ratedTXLOHSUHPLHUDpPLVO¶LGpHTXHOHV GLVVHQVLRQV G¶RUGUH ¿QDQFLHU pPHUJHQW OR-
RUGLQDWHXUV©WUDPHQWOHWLVVXGHODYLHTXRWL- JLTXHPHQWWDQWGDQVOHVSD\VLQGXVWULDOLVpV
GLHQQHªLQÀXHQoDQWGqVORUVO¶DYHQLU GXVHF- TXHGDQVOHVSD\VpPHUJHQWVGqVORUVTX¶XQH
WHXUFI6FLHQWL¿F$PHULFDQ/DEDVH SDUWGHODPDLQG¶°XYUHHVWQRQTXDOL¿pH(Q
GHVFRQQDLVVDQFHVGRQWSDUOH:HLVHUUHQYRLH JpQpUDO O¶DXWRPDWLVDWLRQ WHQG j UpGXLUH OHV
DXGpEDWGH+HUEHUW6LPRQGDQVVRQSDSLHU EHVRLQVHQPDLQG¶°XYUHQRQTXDOL¿pHDYHF
GH LQWLWXOp The Steam Engine and the XQLPSDFWQpJDWLIVXUO¶pFRQRPLHHWODVRFLpWp
&RPSXWHU :KDW PDNHV WHFKQRORJ\ UHYROX- GDQVOHXUHQVHPEOH
tionary&HOXLFL\GRQQHVDYLVLRQGHO¶RUGL-
QDWHXU©UHQFRQWUH]GHVDPLVSDUVRQLQWHU- &HV REVHUYDWLRQV QH VRQW SDV QRXYHOOHV HW
PpGLDLUHSDUOH]OXLODLVVH]OHYRXVSDUOHUª O¶RQSHXWJDJHUTX¶HOOHVVHUpSpWHURQWjO¶DYH-
QLUVRXVGLIIpUHQWHVQXDQFHV'¶DSUqVO¶KLVWR-
$LQVLFRQWUDLUHPHQWDX[LGpHVYpKLFXOpHVOD ULHQGHO¶pFRQRPLH1RUPDQ3RLUH©les cinq
YLVLRQGHO¶,QWHUQHWGHV2EMHWV,R7HWGHVD VLqFOHV FRXYUDQW OHV DQQpHV GH j
VLJQL¿FDWLRQ PrPH Q¶HVW SDV OH IUXLW G¶XQH furent parmi les plus dynamiques de l’his-
TXHOFRQTXH SUpVHQWDWLRQ LQGXVWULHOOH (Q toire ª 'H QRPEUHXVHV DYDQFpHV WHFKQROR-
O¶DUWLFOHIRQGDWHXU7KHQHWZRUNHGSK\- JLTXHVVH¿UHQWMRXUVXUFHWWHSpULRGHPDLV
VLFDO ZRUOG D GRQQp QDLVVDQFH DX FRQFHSW WURLVLQYHQWLRQVVHGpPDUTXHQWHWIRQW¿JXUH
G¶,R7HWjO¶pYROXWLRQGHO¶,QWHUQHWLQGXVWULHO GHWRXUQDQWVFDUHOOHVSURYRTXqUHQWGHVERX-
&HUWDLQV IDLWV UHODWLIV j O¶,R7 HW O¶H[SUHVVLRQ OHYHUVHPHQWV VRFLDX[ PDMHXUV /¶LQYHQWLRQ
PrPH G¶© ,QWHUQHW GHV 2EMHWV ª RQW GRQQp GHO¶LPSULPHULHSDU-RKDQQHV*XWHQEHUJHQ
OLHXjGHVGpEDWVORUVG¶XQFROORTXHTXLV¶HVW D LPSXOVp XQH YpULWDEOH UpYROXWLRQ GH
WHQXUpFHPPHQWjODSloan School of Mana- O¶LQIRUPDWLRQ IDYRULVDQW O¶DYqQHPHQW GH OD
gement du MIT 5HQDLVVDQFH GDQV WRXWH O¶(XURSH (Q
/D FRQQH[LRQ GHV REMHWV SK\VLTXHV IDLWV OHWpOHVFRSHGH*DOLOpHDRXYHUWODYRLHjOD
G¶DWRPHV DX[ LQIRUPDWLRQV QXPpULTXHV UpYROXWLRQ VFLHQWL¿TXHHWjO¶kJHGHOD5DLVRQ
H[SULPpHV HQ ELWV SRXUUDLW DERXWLU j XQH /D UpYROXWLRQ LQGXVWULHOOH HW OH PDU[LVPH
QRXYHOOH UpYROXWLRQ DLQVL TXH OH SUpGLVHQW VXLYHQW GH SHX O¶LQYHQWLRQ GH OD PDFKLQH j
FHUWDLQV H[SHUWV GRQW 1HLO *HUVKHQIHOG 2Q YDSHXUSDU-DPHV:DWWPDUTXH
SDUOHVRXYHQWGHWURLVLqPHUpYROXWLRQLQGXV- OHVSUpPLFHVGHODTXDWULqPHUpYROXWLRQWHFK-
WULHOOHHQDOOXVLRQjO¶qUH±RXjODVHFRQGH QRORJLTXH&HWWHDQQpHOj-RKQ$WDQDVRIIHW
qUH ± GH O¶LQIRUPDWLRQ HW j OD SUHPLqUH Up- &OLIIRUG %HUU\ PHWWHQW DX SRLQW OH SUHPLHU
YROXWLRQ LQGXVWULHOOH &HUWDLQV SUpIqUHQW RUGLQDWHXUQXPpULTXHpOHFWURQLTXHTXLDERX-
SDUOHU G¶LQGXVWULH RX G¶qUH GHV V\VWqPHV WLW LQFLGHPPHQW j OD GHX[LqPH UpYROXWLRQ
F\EHUSK\VLTXHV GH O¶LQIRUPDWLRQ 8Q SHX PRLQV G¶XQ VLqFOH
SOXV WDUG QRXV YRLOj DX VHXLO G¶XQ QRXYHDX
/HV UpYROXWLRQV VRQW VXSSRVpHV UHIRQGUH ERXOHYHUVHPHQW
O¶DYHQLU&HWWHWURLVLqPHYDJXHQHGHYUDLWSDV
IDLUHH[FHSWLRQ(OOHGHYUDLWVXVFLWHUGHVWHQ- /D WURLVLqPH UpYROXWLRQ LQGXVWULHOOH GHYUDLW
VLRQV VRFLDOHV HW pFRQRPLTXHV /D FROOLVLRQ rWUH OH SUpOXGH j OD JUDQGH FRQYHUJHQFH GH
HQWUHGHX[PRQGHVFHOXLGHO¶LPDJLQDWLRQHW OD UpYROXWLRQ LQGXVWULHOOH HW GH OD UpYROXWLRQ
GHODFUpDWLYLWpIDFHjFHOXLGHODSURGXFWLYL- GH O¶LQIRUPDWLRQ DYHF XQ FHUWDLQ QRPEUH
Wp'¶XQF{WpOHVLGpHVFRQYHQWLRQQHOOHVGH G¶LQFRQQXHV
O¶DXWUHXQHLQQRYDWLRQHIIUpQpHTXLDSSRUWH
(ULN %U\QMROIVVRQ HW $QGUHZ 0F$IHH GH
ODWHFKQRORJLHDXF°XUGHQRVYLHV
la Sloan School of Management GX 0,7
KWWSELWO\6RXQG%LWH /HV H[SHUWV OHV REVHUYDWHXUV GX PDUFKp HW &HQWHU IRU 'LJLWDO %XVLQHVV SUpGLVHQW
KWWSFRFRDHWK]FK OHV LQGXVWULHOV VRQW GLYLVpV TXDQW DX[ FDSD- G¶pYHQWXHOVWURXEOHVOLpVjODWURLVLqPHUpYR-
GRZQORDGV1RQHB FLWpV GH WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ SUrWpHV DX[ WHFKQR- OXWLRQ DYHF QRWDPPHQW XQH DXJPHQWDWLRQ
0,7$872,':+SGI ORJLHVPDLVDXVVLFRQFHUQDQWODFRQQHFWLYL- GX FK{PDJH HW XQ DFFURLVVHPHQW GHV LQp-
KWWSWLQ\XUOFRP Wp JpQpUDOLVpH QpFHVVDLUH j O¶,R7 &HUWDLQHV JDOLWpV 5DFH DJDLQVW WKH 0DFKLQH DQG 7KH
Industrial-Internet WHQVLRQV G¶RUGUH VRFLDO DSSDUDLVVHQW HQ UDL- 6HFRQG 0DFKLQH $JH &HWWH YLVLRQ SHUVSL-
KWWSWLQ\XUOFRP VRQGHO¶pURVLRQGHODVSKqUHSULYpHVRXVVRQ FDFHFRQFHUQDQWOHVLQpJDOLWpVHVWpJDOHPHQW
MIT-IoT-1998 DFFHSWLRQ WUDGLWLRQQHOOH HW GH O¶pPHUJHQFH SUpVHQWHGDQVOHVWUDYDX[GH-RVHSK6WLJOLW]
The Price of InequalityHWGH5REHUW5HLFK /¶DFFHQW VXU OHV UpVXOWDWV IDFLOHV HW OH
,QHTXDOLW\IRU$OO FRXUWWHUPLVPHWUqVFRXUDQWGDQVOHPRQGH
GHV DIIDLUHV SRXUUDLHQW DIIHFWHU O¶LPSRU-
%U\QMROIVVRQ HW 0F$IHH RQW UpH[DPLQp OH
WDQFH GHV GRQQpHV FROOHFWpHV 'HV LQYHVWLV-
VXMHW GX FK{PDJH FRQMRQFWXUHO DERUGp SDU
VHPHQWV LQDSSURSULpV SRXUUDLHQW OLPLWHU OHV
-RKQ 0 .H\QHV HW TXDOL¿p GDQV OHV DQ- RXWLOVQpFHVVDLUHVSRXUUHFXHLOOLUXQHPDVVH
QpHV GH © FK{PDJH WHFKQRORJLTXH ª FULWLTXHGHGRQQpHV7RXWHIRLVIDXWHGHGRQ-
/H SKpQRPqQH HVW pJDOHPHQW DERUGp SDU QpHVVXI¿VDQWHVjWUDLWHUOHVRXWLOVG¶DQDO\VH
5REHUW+)UDQNTXLGpFULWGDQVOHVDQQpHV SRXUUDLHQW QH SDV rWUH HQ PHVXUH GH PHWWUH
XQ PDUFKp GX WUDYDLO HW XQH VRFLpWp DX MRXU FHUWDLQHV WHQGDQFHV FDFKpHV &¶HVW
©GHVYDLQTXHXUVªZLQQHUVWDNHDOOLPSDF- SRXUWDQW LQGLVSHQVDEOH SRXU TXH OHV RXWLOV
WpV SDU OH GpYHORSSHPHQW GHV WHFKQRORJLHV G\QDPLTXHVG¶DQDO\VHHQWHPSVUpHOFRQVWL-
7KH'DUZLQ(FRQRP\ WXHQWXQHpWDSHYHUVODPRQpWLVDWLRQGHO¶,R7
3RXU%U\QMROIVVRQHW0F$IHH©QRWUHPRQGH 'H QRXYHOOHV VRXUFHV GH UHYHQXV SHXYHQW
YD SURVSpUHU VXU OH IURQW GX QXPpULTXH ª DSSDUDvWUH YLD GHV PLFURSDLHPHQWV EDVpV
&HUWHV PDLV TXHOOH YRLH HPSUXQWHU " 'H VXUXQPRGqOHG¶DUELWUDJHLQIRUPDWLRQQHOGH
VpULHX[ SUREOqPHV VRFLRpFRQRPLTXHV SHU- W\SHpay-per-analyticsTXLSHUPHWWUDLWGHUH-
VLVWHQW QDWLRQV GLVFRUGDQWHV PDOQXWULWLRQ FRXULUjGHVDQDO\VHVSUpYLVLRQQHOOHVLQWHOOL-
K\JLqQHSXEOLTXHLQHI¿FDFHV\VWqPHVpGXFD- JHQWHVIDFLOLWDQWODSULVHGHGpFLVLRQVSRXUOHV
WLIV GpIDLOODQWV SDXYUHWp pQHUJpWLTXH $GGL- DFWLYLWpVVHPLDXWRQRPHV
WLRQQpVFHVIDFWHXUVDOLPHQWHQWOHVWHQVLRQV /HVGpSORLHPHQWVGHJUDQGHHQYHUJXUHVRQW
VRFLRpFRQRPLTXHVTXHODGLIIXVLRQGHO¶,Q- ODFOpSRXUFRQIpUHUGHODYDOHXUHWGHO¶LP-
WHUQHW GHV 2EMHWV ,R7 j O¶pFKHOOH PRQGLDOH SRUWDQFHDX[RXWLOVHWWHFKQRORJLHVOHVTXHOV
SHXWH[DFHUEHUSOXVHQFRUH DSSRUWHQW GHV VROXWLRQV VDWLVIDLVDQWHV ORUV-
TX¶LOVVRQWHPSOR\pVGHPDQLqUHFRQYHUJHQWH
/HV UHWRPEpHV GH O¶,R7 YRQW GpSHQGUH GH
HWFRRUGRQQpH
QRWUHIDFXOWpjLQWHUDJLUDXVHLQGHV\VWqPHV
REMHWV HW GLVSRVLWLIV GDQV GHV HQYLURQQH- 8Q DXWUH HQVHLJQHPHQW WLUp GH O¶KLVWRLUH
PHQWV YDULpV UpJLV SDU GLYHUV PRGHV GH GHV *37 general process technologies
IRQFWLRQQHPHQW SURWRFROHV HW DSSOLFDWLRQV FRQFHUQHOHVVWUDWpJLHVGHGLIIXVLRQGHO¶pOHF-
,O HVW GLI¿FLOHPHQW HQYLVDJHDEOH TXH QRWUH WULFLWp The economic future in historical
PRQGH V¶DOLJQH VXU XQ VHXO HW XQLTXH VWDQ- perspective GH 3$ 'DYLG HW 0 7KRPDV
GDUG $LQVL FH Q¶HVW SDV OD VWDQGDUGLVDWLRQ /¶H[SUHVVLRQ © GH UXSWXUH ª dis-
HQVRLPDLVO¶LQWHURSpUDELOLWp entre les prin- ruptive HPSOR\pH ODUJHPHQW SDU &OD\WRQ
FLSDOHV QRUPHV TXL VHUD OD FOp GH OD GLIIX- &KULVWHQVHQ 7KH ,QQRYDWRUV 'LOHPPD
VLRQGHVSURGXLWVHWVHUYLFHVGHO¶,R7DOODQW SHXW GpFRXOHU GX FRQFHSW GH *37 general
MXVTX¶jLQWpJUHUOHGRPDLQHGHODPpFDQLTXH process technologiesDSSDUXjO¶pSRTXHGH
/HVJUDQGHVHQWUHSULVHVLQGXVWULHOOHVGRLYHQW O¶pOHFWUL¿FDWLRQ SRXU LQGLTXHU XQH LQWpJUD-
DXWRULVHUGHVQRUPHVRXYHUWHVSRXUOHVLQWHU- WLRQ V\VWpPLTXH SDU RSSRVLWLRQ j XQ XVDJH
IDFHVGHSURJUDPPDWLRQ$3,V $SSOLFDWLRQ SRQFWXHO Cet article est paru
initialement dans la revue
Programming Interfaces SRXU SHUPHWWUH $XFRXUVGHVGHUQLqUHVDQQpHVRQFRQVWDWH The Journal of Innovation
DX[SURGXLWVGH30(GHUDOOLHUXQSURWRFROH XQH IDLEOH LQWpJUDWLRQ V\VWpPLTXH GHV V\V- Management (ISSN 2183-
JOREDOFRPPXQG¶rWUHFRQQHFWpVHWG¶DFFp- WqPHV5),''qVORUVODFDSDFLWpGHVEDOLVHV 0606) Vol 3, No 3 (2015)
GHUjGHVVHUYLFHVjYDOHXUDMRXWpHYRLUHGH 5),'jUHFXHLOOLUGHVYROXPHVVXI¿VDPPHQW qui nous a autorisé sa
GpYHORSSHU FHUWDLQHV DSSOLFDWLRQV GH QLFKH traduction.
LPSRUWDQWV GH GRQQpHV D pWp QpJOLJpH '¶R This is the French
/H GpSORLHPHQW V\VWpPLTXH G¶XQH FRQQHF- FHUWDLQHPHQWXQPDQTXHGHWUDQVSDUHQFHDX translation from the
WLYLWp RXYHUWH HVW HVVHQWLHO j OD FROOHFWH GHV VHLQGHVsupply chainsG¶XQHSDUWPDLVDXVVL original document in
GRQQpHVHWjODGLIIXVLRQGHO¶,R7 GHV pFRQRPLHV LQIpULHXUHV DX QLYHDX SUpYX English published in the
SRXUODFKDvQHGHYDOHXU/¶DEDQGRQGXSURMHW Journal of Innovation
(Q¿QODFDSDFLWpjH[WUDLUHGHVLQIRUPDWLRQV Management (ISSN 2183-
H[SORLWDEOHV j SDUWLU GH PXOWLSOHV GRQQpHV GH5),'SDU:DO0DUW,V5),'GHDG" Flo-
0606) Vol 3, No 3 (2015);
ULDQ0LFKDKHOOHVQHUpYqOHSDVO¶pFKHF http://www.open-jim.org -
EUXWHV LPSXOVH OD YDOHXU UHFKHUFKpH YLD OD
GHODWHFKQRORJLHHQTXHVWLRQPDLVVRXOLJQH HANDLE: http://hdl.
FRQQHFWLYLWp/¶pFRQRPLHGHVFRWVGHWUDQ-
SOXW{WXQHXWLOLVDWLRQLQDSSURSULpHGHVRXWLOV handle.net/10216/80026 -
VDFWLRQ 7KH 1DWXUH RI WKH )LUP GH 5RQDOG Open Access: http://
GHJHVWLRQGHVGRQQpHVGDQVOHFRQWH[WHGHV
&RDVHGpWHUPLQHOHUHWRXUVXULQYHV- creativecommons.org/
SURFHVVXVPpWLHUV
WLVVHPHQWGHODFRQQHFWLYLWpOHTXHOLQÀXHQFH licenses/by/3.0
jVRQWRXUO¶DGRSWLRQGHFHWWHGHUQLqUHSDUOHV 3HXWrWUH IDXGUDLWLO V¶LQVSLUHU GH O¶KLVWRLUH Traduction Catherine
HQWUHSULVHV GH O¶pOHFWUL¿FDWLRQ HW GH OD 5),' SRXU IDLUH Micolino
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta est Chercheur Associé, MIT School of Engineering, Vice Président du Consortium de l’internet Industriel,
et chercheur à L’Ecole de médecine de Harvard et Du Centre Hospitalier du Massachussets.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta is Research Affiliate, School of Engineering MIT, Senior Vice President, Industrial Internet Consortium and
Senior Scientist, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School.