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Rotor
+
Excitation
Earth fault in the rotor
system
-
Stator
RE CE
⇒ in case of an earth fault, only small currents flow due to the galvanical isolation
Problem:
Double earth faults and interturn faults as a consequence of an earth fault cause:
• magnetical unbalance (unbalanced forces; violent vibration)
• high currents at the fault location
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.
Protection Principle
+ Coupling Voltage
Measuring Source
Unit
Excitation
system
-
„Earthing brush “
Principles:
- Incoupling of an AC voltage (50 Hz or 60 Hz) Higher
- Measuring of the earth fault current Sensitivity
- Measuring of the earth fault resistance
- Incoupling of low frequency square wave voltage
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.
Earth Current Criterion
Principle (50 Hz/60Hz - Voltage Injection)
Connection
on the earthing
L1 L2 L3 brush
>40V
105Ω 4µF
IE,Distr. IE
IE,Fault
If disturbance influence from the excitation is to large Pick-up limit:
IE,Fault > IE,Dist...
0,75H
Coordinated Protection
resonant circuit to fN
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.
Earth Current Measurement
Connection
Connection on the
phase to phase
AC Voltage voltage 7UM6
Source
appr. 42V or 100 V - 125 V AC
65V Also IEE2
at 7UM62
1A3 is
7XR61 1A1
105Ω possible
+ 4A1 2B1 J7
IEE1
J8
Err. 3PP1336 1B3
4B1 1B1
-
105Ω
External resistors
at excitation voltages
> 150 V (circulating current >0,2A)
L1 L2 L3
100V 42V u
Digital
protection
(7UM62)
calculation
RV CK of RE
L1) i
RV CK
RE CE
1) Recommended
at static excitation
with inject harmonics
(3rd harm.; 6th harm.)
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.
Calculation Formula of the Fault Resistance RE
Model:
X*K R*V
Zers XE RE ZMess Z
X E
2 2
RE X E RE
(1) Z ers = R * V +
2 2
+ j - X *K -
2 (2) Z Mess = Re {Z } + j I m {Z}
RE + X E RE + X E 2
2
R ⋅ XE
(3) R, = E = RE {Z} - R * V
2 2
RE + X E
2
R ⋅ XE
(4) X , = E2 2
= I m {Z} - X * K
RE + X E
X ,2
2
combining (3) and (4): RE = , + R , =
(- I m {Z } - X * K ) + R {Z } - R *
R R e {Z } - R * V e V
RV
+
Excitation UH
Ucontrol
- Digital
CE RE Protection
RM Umeas. (7UM62)
RE Fault resistance
RV Coupling resistor
Measuring
UH Auxiliary supply ( ± 50V) transducer
RM Measuring shunt resistor
CE Rotor capacitance
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.
Injection of Square Wave Voltage
Connection Diagram (7UM62)
Connection on the
phase to phase
voltage
7UM62
120 V
100 V
110 V
7
7XT71 9
11
40 kΩ
+ 27 27 K13 +
TD1
Control voltage K14
25
Exc. 7XR6004
17 K15 +
TD2
- Measuring voltage
40 kΩ 15 K16
25
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.
Injection of Square Wave Voltage with Low Frequency
Basic Principle
UH - 50V
CE RE
UM
RM UM 1,88V
τ ≈ RV ⋅ CE RE = ∞
2
∆UM ≈ 0
iE t
UM = RM ⋅ iE
RV - 1,88V
= 20kΩ RE ≈ 5kΩ
2 UM
RM = 375 Ω 1
∆UM ~
0,75V RE
UH = ± 50V t
- 0,75V
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.
Sources of Error and Error Compensation
Influence of field voltage and earth fault location
UM UM
Udc1
Udc
UM2
UM1 UM2 UM1 UM4 Udc2
UM3
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.
Calculation Formulas
RV
UH Voltage divider:
CE RE 2
RM UM RV
+ RE + RM U
UH 2 R
= RE = H - 1 RM - V
UM RM UM 2
Algorithm
UM Filtering:
U1
1 N 1 N
U1 = ∑ 1,i
u ; U 2 = ∑ u 2,i
N i =1 N i =1
U2 Amplitude-log frequency curve: fA = 800 Hz; N = 64
U1 - U 2
UM : = ∆U : = 1
2
G(f)0.1
Continuity supervision: 0.01
∆UIK ≈ ∆UIK +1
0 30 60 90 120 150 180210240 270 300
1 8
otherwise ∆U = ∑ ∆Uk f in Hz
8 k =1
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.
Logic Diagram Rotor Earth Fault Protection (1-3Hz)
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.
Rotor Earth Fault Protection (1-3Hz)
Setting Values
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.
Connection of the Rotor Earth Fault Protection
EM
(50/60 Hz)
4µF
G RW
RE CE
(1 - 3 Hz)
40kΩ
Ω
a) rotating diodes
L+ (50/60 Hz)
EX-T 4µF
UG RW
L- (1 - 3 Hz)
40kΩ
Ω
b) separate Exciter RE CE
(static excitation)
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.
Generator with Rotating Excitation
Fault Free Condition (Square Wave Principle)
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.