A Level Solution2008

Tackling
‘A’ level
H1 & H2 Math
8863 & 9740 Papers
(Oct/Nov 2008)

with
TI‐84 Plus
© Interactive Math Exploration Centre

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First Published August 2009
ISBN No. 978-981-08-3785-3

ISBN No. 978-981-08-3786-0
Interactive Math Exploration Centre

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© InterActive Math Exploration Centre
Table of Content
1. Solution to A level H2 Math Paper 1 2 –18
2. Solution to A level H2 Math Paper 2 19 – 36
3. Solution to A level H1 Math Paper 37 – 54
1
f Solution to A level H2 Math Paper 1
1 Since the two shaded areas are equal, we have
2 4
∫ 1
y dx = ∫ a
x dy
2 4
∫ 1
x 2 dx = ∫ a
y dy
4
⎡ 2 ⎤
3
2
⎡ x3 ⎤ ⎢2y ⎥
⎢ ⎥ =
⎣ 3 ⎦1 ⎢ 3 ⎥
⎣ ⎦a
3 3
23 13 2(4) 2 2(a) 2
– = –
3 3 3 3
3
7 2 × 8 2(a) 2
= –
3 3 3
3
2(a) 2
2×8 7 9
= – =
3 3 3 3
3
9
Thus, a = 2
2
2
⎛ 9 ⎞3
and so a = ⎜ ⎟ = 2.73 (to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]
⎝2⎠
Note: If time permits, you could use the graphic calculator to check your answer by
4
checking whether the value of ∫ 2.73
y dy is approximately equal to 7 .
3
Using the graphic calculator, first press and select 9:fnInt( as shown on the
left below.
Next, key in the following command statements as shown on the right below and then
press .
2
n
1
2 Let Pn be the statement Sn = n(n + 1)(4n + 5) , where Sn = ∑ un and
6 n =1
un = n(2n+1) for n ≥ 1 .
To show P1 is true,
LHS: S1 = u1 = 1 (2(1) + 1)
=3
1
RHS: S1 = (1)(1 + 1)(4(1) + 5)
6
= 18 = 3
6
Since LHS = RHS, P1 is true.
1
Assume that Pk is true for some k ≥ 1 , that is, Sk = k (k + 1)(4k + 5) .
6
1
To prove that Pk+1 is true, that is Sk+1 = (k + 1)[(k + 1) + 1][4(k + 1) + 5] ,
6
LHS = Sk+1
= Sk + uk+1
1
= k (k + 1)(4k + 5) + (k +1) (2(k +1) + 1)
6
1
= k (k + 1)(4k + 5) + (k +1) (2k +3)
6
1
= (k + 1) [ k (4k + 5) + 6(2k + 3) ]
6
1
= (k + 1) ⎡⎣ 4k 2 + 5k + 12k + 18⎤⎦
6
1
= (k + 1) ⎡⎣ 4k 2 + 17 k + 18⎤⎦
6
1
= (k + 1)(k + 2)(4k + 9)
6
1
= (k + 1)[(k + 1) + 1][4(k + 1) + 5]
6
= RHS.
Thus, if the statement is true for n = k, then it is true for n = k+1 as proven above.
Since P1 is true and Pk +1 is true if Pk is true, by Mathematical Induction, Pn is true for all
n
1
n ≥ 1 . That is, Sn = n(n + 1)(4n + 5) , where Sn = ∑ un and un = n(2n+1) for n ≥ 1 .
6 n =1
[Shown]
3
⎛1⎞ ⎛5⎞
3 Given OA = 4 , OB = ⎜ −1⎟ .
⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ −3 ⎟ ⎜0⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
(i) OP = OA + OB (since OAPB is a parallelogram.)

⎛1⎞ ⎛5⎞ ⎛ 6⎞
= ⎜ 4 ⎟ + ⎜ −1⎟ = ⎜ 3 ⎟ . [Answer]
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ −3 ⎟ ⎜ 0 ⎟ ⎜ −3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛1⎞ ⎛5⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 4 ⎟ i ⎜ −1 ⎟
(ii) ˆ = OA i OB = ⎜⎝ −3 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 0 ⎟⎠
cos AOB = 1× 5 + 4 × (−1) + (−3) × 0
OA OB ⎛1⎞ ⎛5⎞ 1 + 42 + (−3) 2 52 + (−1) 2 + 02
2
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 4 ⎟ ⎜ −1 ⎟
⎜ −3 ⎟ ⎜ 0 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
= 5−4+0
26 26
= 1 .
26
Thus, ˆ
AOB = cos –1( 1 ) = 87.8o (to 3 sig. fig.). [Answer]
26
⎛1⎞ ⎛5⎞
(iii) Area of parallelogram OAPB = OA × OB = ⎜ 4 ⎟ × ⎜ −1⎟
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ −3 ⎟ ⎜ 0 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ −3 ⎞
= ⎜ −15 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎜ −21 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
= (−3) 2 + (−15) 2 + (−21) 2
= 675
= 15 3 units2. [Answer]
Note: Check that the cross product obtained is correct by taking the dot product of your
answer obtained with OA or OB to see whether it is zero.
⎛ −3 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
i.e. ⎜ −15 ⎟ i ⎜ 4 ⎟ = –3 – 60 + 63 = 0.
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ −21 ⎟ ⎜ −3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
4
dy 3x
4(i) = 2
dx x +1
3x
∫ dy = ∫ x 2 + 1 dx
3 2x
∫ dy = 2 ∫ x 2 + 1 dx
3
Thus, the general solution is: y = ln ( x 2 + 1) + C. [Answer]
2
(ii) When x = 0, y = 2.
3
Thus, 2 = ln ( 02 + 1) + C
2
and so C = 2.
3
The required particular solution: y = ln ( x 2 + 1) + 2. [Answer]
2
dy 3x
(iii) = 2 .
dx x +1
Dividing the numerator and denominator of the RHS by x2, we have
3
dy
= x .
dx 1 + 1
x2
dy
Therefore, when x → ± ∞ , both 3 and 12 tend to zero and so → 0. [Answer]
x x dx
(iv) Answer :
3
y = ln( x 2 + 1) + 2
2
3
y = ln( x 2 + 1)
2
3
y = ln( x 2 + 1) − 2
2
Note that the graphs are symmetrical about the y-axis and the graphs become flatter
when |x| becomes larger.
You can obtain the required family of solution curves by using the graphic calculator.
First, key in the equations after pressing as seen on the right below. Note that
Y1 can be found by pressing .
5
Next, press to display the standard window with the 3 graphs as shown on the
right below.
1
1 1
1
5(i) ∫ dx = ∫ dx
3 3
0 1 + 9x2 0 9 ( 19 + x 2 )
1 13 1
= ∫ dx
( ) Note that:
2
9 0 1 + x2
∫ 2 1 2 dx = 1a tan ax + c
3 −1
1 a +x
⎛ ⎞⎡ ⎛ ⎞⎤ 3
= 1 ⎜ 11 ⎟ ⎢ tan −1 ⎜ 1x ⎟ ⎥
9⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠⎦0
⎣
= 1 ⎡⎣ tan −1 ( 3 x ) ⎤⎦
1
3
3 0
=
1⎡
3 ⎢⎣ 3 ( )
tan −1 3 − tan −1 (0) ⎤
⎥⎦
= 1 ⎡⎢ π − 0 ⎤⎥
3⎣3 ⎦
π
= . [Answer]
9
(ii) Let u = ln x, dv = xn dx.

So, du = 1x dx , v = x
n+1
(as n ≠ –1) .
n +1
Applying the method of integration by parts, we have

x n +1 ⎤ – e ⎛ x ⎞ 1 dx
e n +1
e
⎡
∫1 ∫ 1 ⎜⎝ n + 1 ⎟⎠ x
n
x ln x d x = ⎢(ln x) ⎥
⎣ n + 1⎦ 1
n +1 n +1
1
= (ln e) e – (ln1) 1 –
e
n +1 n +1 ∫
n +1 1
x n dx
n +1 e
– 1 ⎡⎢ x ⎤⎥
n +1
= e
n +1 n + 1 ⎣ n + 1⎦ 1
n +1 n +1
= e – e − 12
n +1 ( n + 1)
n +1
(n + 1)e − en +1 + 1
=
( n + 1)
2
n +1
= ne +21 . [Answer]
( n + 1)
6
6(a)
Using the cosine rule,

AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 – 2(AB)(BC) cos θ
= 12 + 32 – 2(1)(3) cos θ
= 10 – 6 cos θ .
When θ is a small angle, cos θ ≈ 1 – θ .

2
2
So, 2 2
( )
AC ≈ 10 – 6 1 − θ2 , if θ is a small angle
= 4 + 3θ 2 .
( 4 + 3θ )
1
2 2
Hence, AC ≈ . [Shown]
( )=4 ( )
1 1
4(1 + 3θ4 ) 1 + 3θ4

2 2 1 2 2
Next, AC ≈ 2
( ( ) )
= 2 1 + 12 3θ4 + .....
2
= 2 + 3 θ 2 + ….
4
Thus, AC ≈ a + b θ 2 , where a = 2, b = 3 . [Shown]
4
(b) f(x) = tan (2x + π4 )

f '(x) = 2 sec2 (2x + π4 )
(
f ''(x) = 4 sec (2x + π4 ) 2 tan(2x + π4 ) sec(2x + π4 ) )
= 8 tan (2x + π4 ) sec2 (2x + π4 ).
Thus, f(0) = tan ( π4 ) = 1

f '(0) = 2 sec2 ( π4 ) = 4
f ''(0) = 8 tan ( π4 ) sec 2( π4 ) = 16.
Hence, f(x) = f(0) + f '(0) x + f ''(0) x2 + …..

2!
16 2
= 1 + 4x + x + …
2!
= 1 + 4x + 8x2 + …. [Answer]
7
7 Total length of straight parts = y + x + y = 2y + x.

Total length of semi-circular part = 1 ⎛ x⎞= π .
(2π ) ⎜ ⎟ x
2 ⎝2⎠ 2
As total time taken is given to be 180, we have
180 = 3(x + 2y) + 9 ⎛⎜ π x ⎞⎟

⎝2 ⎠
180 = 3x + 6y + 9π x
2
60 = x + 2y + 3π x
2
3π x
2y = 60 – x –
2
y = 30 – – 3π x .------------------(1)
x
2 4
Let A be the area of the flower-bed.

A = xy +
1 x 2
2 2
π ( )
x 3π x π x2
= x [30 – – ]+
2 4 8
x 2
3π x 2
π x2
= 30x – – +
2 4 8
– 5π x
2
x 2
= 30x –
2 8
⎛ 1 5π ⎞ 2
= 30x – ⎜ + ⎟ x
⎝2 8 ⎠
dA
Thus, = 30 – ⎛⎜1 + 5π ⎞⎟ x .
dx ⎝ 4 ⎠
dA
Let =0.
dx
We have 30 = ⎛⎜1 + 5π ⎞⎟ x .
⎝ 4 ⎠
So x= 30 ≈ 6.0889 = 6.09 (to 3 sig fig).
5π
1+
4
Substitute x = 6.0889 into (1), we have y = 12.6 (to 3 sig fig).
= – ⎛⎜1 + 5π ⎞⎟ < 0, A is maximum when x = 30 .

d2 A
As
dx 2 ⎝ 4 ⎠ 5π
1+
4
That is, when x ≈ 6.09 and y ≈ 12.6, the area of the flower-bed is maximum. [Answer]
8
8(i) As |1 + 3 i| = 12 + ( 3)
2
( )
= 4 = 2 and arg(1 + 3 i) = tan −1 13 = π ,
3
π
i
we have z1 = 1 + 3 i = 2 e 3
π
i
and so z13 = (2 e 3 )3
= 23eiπ
= – 8. [Answer]
If time permits, you could use your graphic calculator

to check the answer, as shown on the screen shot on the right.
(ii) Note that complex roots occur in conjugate pairs.

Thus, 1 – 3 i is also a root of the equation.
Since (z – (1 + 3 i))(z – (1 – 3 i)) = ((z – 1) – 3 i))((z – 1) + 3 i)

= (z – 1)2 – ( 3 i )2
= z2 – 2z + 4,
we have 2z3 + az2 + bz + 4 = (z2 – 2z + 4)(Az + B).
As the coefficient of z3 is 2, A = 2.
Also, B = 1 as the constant term is 4.
Thus, 2z3 + az2 + bz + 4 = (z2 – 2z + 4)(2z + 1).-------------------(1)
Next, expanding the RHS of (1), (z2 – 2z + 4)(2z + 1)

= 2z3 + z2 – 4z2 – 2z + 8z + 4
= 2z3 – 3z2 + 6z + 4.
Comparing the coefficient of z2, a = – 3. [Answer]

Comparing the coefficient of z, b = 6. [Answer]
Alternatively, to find the values of a and b,

Put z = 1 into (1): 2 + a + b + 4 = (12 – 2 + 4)(2 + 1)
and so a + b = 3 ------------------------------(2)
Put z = –1 into (1): –2 + a – b + 4 = (12 + 2 + 4)(–2 + 1)
and so a – b = –9 -----------------------------(3)
Solving (2) and (3) simultaneously, we have a = –3 and b = 6. [Answer]
(iii) From 8(ii) above , we know that the two roots of 2z3– 3z2 + 6z + 4 = 0 are 1 + 3 i
and 1 – 3 i. As 2z3– 3z2 + 6z + 4 = (z2 – 2z + 4)(2z + 1), the third root is − 1 .
2
That is, the roots are 1 + 3 i, 1 – 3 i and − 1 . [Answer]
2
9
The Argand diagram of the roots is shown on the right.
ax + b
9(i) f(x) = , abcd ≠ 0.
cx + d
f '(x) =
( cx + d ) a − (ax + b)c
( cx + d )
2
acx + ad − acx − bc
=
( cx + d )
2
ad − bc
= .
( cx + d )
2
Since ad – bc ≠ 0, f '(x) ≠ 0 for all real values of x.

Thus, the graph of y = f(x) has no turning points. [Shown]
(ii) Dividing ax+ b by cx + d, we have the following.

a
c ad
cx + d ax + b ax + b b−
Thus, f(x) = = a+ c
ax + ad cx + d c cx + d
c
b − ad
c = a − ad − bc .
c c (cx + d )
a ad
ax + b (cx + d ) + b −
Alternatively, f(x) = = c c
cx + d cx + d
ad
b−
a
= + c = a − ad − bc .
c cx + d c c (cx + d )
When ad – bc = 0, f(x) = a . Thus, the graph is a horizontal line with equation y = a .

c c
[Answer]
10
3x − 7
9(iii) Let f(x) = . Here a = 3, b = – 7, c = 2, d = 1.
2x +1
We have ad – bc = (3)(1) – (– 7)(2) = 17.
ad − bc 17
From the working of 9(i), f '(x) = = > 0 for x ≠ − 1 .
2
( cx + d ) ( 2 x + 1)
2 2
3x − 7
Thus, the graph of y = has a positive gradient at all points (except x = − 1 ) of the
2x +1 2
graph. [Shown]
(iv)(a) Answer :
Asymptotes: x = − 1 and y = 3 .
2 2
Points of intersection: (0, -7) and ( 7 , 0)
3
We can get the graph by using the graphic calculator.

We can also use the calculator to find the x-intercept and y-intercept.
First, we key in the equations into the graphic calculator and press , then
press to obtain the y-intercept.
To find the x-intercept, press for CALC menu and press to select
5:intersect. Move the cursor nearer to the x-intercept and press three times.
11
9(iv)(b) Answer :
Asymptotes: x = − 1 ,
2
y = − 32 and y = 3
2
.
Points of intersection: ( 7 , 0)
3
Using the graphic calculator, key in the equations as shown on the left below and press
to get the required graph, which is shown on the right below. Note that you could
get Y1 by pressing .
10.(i) Observe that 10, 13, 16, 19, … is an arithmetic progression. Its common difference is 3.
Let a = 10, d = 3
n
Sn= (2a + (n – 1)d) > 2000
2
n
(2(10) + 3(n – 1)) > 2000
2
n
(20+3n -3) > 2000
2
n
(17+3n) > 2000
2
17n +3n2 > 4000
3n 2 + 17 n − 4000 > 0
To solve the quadratic inequality, we first find the roots of the quadratic equation
3n 2 + 17 n − 4000 = 0 .
To find the roots of the quadratic equation 3n 2 + 17 n − 4000 = 0 , we may use the graphic
calculator.
12
Step 1: Press and select 5:PlySmlt2 as shown on the left below by pressing
.
Step 2: Press any key to see the MAIn MEnu shown on the right above.
Select option 1:POLY ROOT FINDER by pressing or .
Step 3: Select the parameters as seen on the left screen shot below.
Step 4: Go to nEXT by pressing and type in the values as shown on the right screen
shot above.
Step 5: Go to SOLVE by pressing to see the answer shown below.
Thus, (n + 39.46)(n – 33.79) >0.
As + – +
−39.46 33.79
We have n < – 39.46 or n > 33.79.

Therefore, the least value of n is 34 months or 2 years 10 months.
Hence, she will first save over $2 000 on 1st Oct 2011. [Answer]
13
10(ii)(a)
Compound interest = 0.02(10) + 0.02(1.02×10) + 0.02(1.022×10) + …. + 0.02(1.0223×10)
= 0.2 (1 + 1.02 + … + 1.0223 )
0.2 (1.0224 − 1)
=
0.02
= $6.08 (to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]
(b)
End of 1st month, she has (1.02)(10) in total.
End of 2nd month, she has (1.02)[10(1.02) + 10]

= (1.02)2(10) + (1.02)(10) in total.
End of 3rd month, she has (1.02) [ (1.02)2(10) + (1.02)(10) + 10]

= (1.02)3(10) + (1.02)2(10) + (1.02)(10) in total.
Following the pattern, at the end of two years (which is 24 months), the total amount
she has is (1.02)24(10) + (1.02)23(10) + … + (1.02)(10)
= 10 [1.0224 + 1.0223 + … + 1.02]
⎡1.02(1.0224 − 1) ⎤
= 10 ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1.02 − 1 ⎦
= $310 (to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]
(c)
Total amount at the end of nth month = (1.02)n(10) + (1.02)n –1(10)+ … + (1.02)(10)
= 10[1.02n + 1.02n – 1 + … + 1.02]

⎡1.02(1.02n − 1) ⎤
= 10 ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1.02 − 1 ⎦
= 510 (1.02n – 1).
Let 510 (1.02n – 1) > 2000.

1.02n > ⎛⎜ ⎞
2000
We have + 1⎟
⎝ 510 ⎠
⎛ 200 ⎞
n lg 1.02 > lg ⎜ + 1⎟
⎝ 51 ⎠
n > 80.476.
Thus, the least value of n is 81 months. [Answer]
14
11 p1 : 2x – 5 y + 3 z = 3
p2 : 3x + 2 y – 5 z = – 5
p3 : 5x – 20.9 y + 17z = 16.6
To solve this system of equations, we may use the graphic calculator.
.
Step 2: Press any key to see the MAIn MEnu shown on the right above. Select
option 2:SIMULT Eqn SOLVER by pressing .
shot above.
Step 5: Go to SOLVE by pressing to obtain the solution as shown below.
Coordinates of the intersecting point = ⎛⎜ − 4 , − 4 , 7 ⎞⎟ . [Answer]

⎝ 11 11 11 ⎠
15
11(i) p1 : 2x – 5y + 3z = 3
p2 : 3x + 2y – 5z = –5
The coordinates of the points on the line l satisfy the system of the two equations above.
To solve this system of equations, we could use the graphic calculator.
. .
Step 2: Press any key to see the MAIn MEnu shown on the right above. Select
option 2:SIMULT Eqn SOLVER by pressing .
shot above.
Step 5: Go to SOLVE by pressing to obtain the solution as shown below.
⎛ x ⎞ ⎛ −1 + α ⎞
Thus, ⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜ −1 + α ⎟ , α ∈ R .
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜z⎟ ⎜ α ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
Hence, a vector equation of the line l is
⎛ −1 + α ⎞ ⎛ −1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
r = −1 + α = −1 + α ⎜1⎟ , α ∈ R . [Answer]
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ α ⎟ ⎜0⎟ ⎜ 1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
16
Alternatively, we could also solve the system of equations by finding x and y in terms of z
by using the method of elimination.
2x – 5y = 3 – 3z ----------(1)
3x + 2y = –5 + 5z ----------(2)
2 × (1): 4x – 10y = 6 – 6z ---------(3)

5 × (2): 15x + 10y = –25 + 25z---------(4)
(3) + (4) : 19x = –19 + 19z

and so x = –1 + z.
Substituting x = –1 + z into (1), we have 2(–1 + z) – 5y = 3 – 3z and so y = –1 + z.
⎛ x ⎞ ⎛ −1 + α ⎞
Thus, ⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜ −1 + α ⎟ , α ∈ R .
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜z⎟ ⎜ α ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛5⎞
11(ii) p3 : 5x + λ y + 17z = μ or r . ⎜ λ ⎟ = μ
⎜ ⎟
⎜17 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Since all three planes meet in the line l, the plane p3 contains the line l. Therefore, the
coordinates of all the points on l must satisfy the equation of the plane p3.
⎛ −1 + α ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞
Thus, ⎜ ⎟ . ⎜ ⎟ = μ , for all values of α.
⎜ −1 + α ⎟ ⎜ λ ⎟
⎜ α ⎟ ⎜17 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
–5 + 5α – λ + λ α +17α = μ
(22 + λ )α = μ + 5 + λ ----------------(*)
Let α = 1, then 22 + λ = μ + 5 + λ
and so μ = 17.
Let α = 0, then 0= μ +5+ λ
As μ = 17, we have λ = –22.
Hence, to have all three planes meet in the line l, λ = –22 and μ = 17. [Answer]
(iii) If three planes have no point in common, then the line l does not meet the plane p3.
Therefore, there is no value of α that satisfies the equation (*) in 11(ii).
μ +5+λ
However, when λ ≠ –22, from the equation (*), α = exists.
22 + λ
Thus, λ = – 22.
From the conclusion in 11(ii), we deduce that the three planes have no common point
when λ = – 22, μ ≠ 17. [Answer]
17
Alternatively,
when three planes have no point in common, the line l is parallel to the plane p3 and it does
not meet the plane p3.
When a normal vector to the plane p3 is perpendicular to a direction vector of l,

the line l is parallel to the plane p3.
⎛ 5 ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
Thus, ⎜ λ ⎟ . ⎜1⎟ = 0 and so λ = –22.
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜17 ⎟ ⎜1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
From the equation (*) in 11(ii), when λ = –22 and μ = 17, the line l meets the plane p3.
Therefore, when λ = –22, μ ≠ 17, the line l does not meet the plane p3.
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ −1⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
11(iv) ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜0⎟
⎜ −1⎟ − ⎜ −1⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 3 ⎟ ⎜ 0 ⎟ ⎜ 3⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ −3 ⎞
n = ⎜⎜ 0 ⎟⎟ × ⎜⎜1⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟
⎜ 3 ⎟ ⎜ 1⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
Thus, the vector equation of the plane is

⎛ −3 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ −3 ⎞
r . ⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ −1⎟⎟ . ⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟ = 2
⎜2⎟ ⎜3⎟ ⎜2⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
and so, the Cartesian equation of the required plane is –3x + y + 2z = 2. [Answer]
18
f Solution to A level H2 Math Paper 2
1(i) Answer:
You could obtain the graph of y = f(x) by using your graphic calculator before sketching on
your answer script.
Step 1: Press and type in the equation as follows, shown on the left screen shot
below.
Step 2: As the domain of the function considered is given as −3 ≤ x ≤ 3 , we may set the
window by pressing and then set Xmin = –3, Xmax = 3. Need not key in the
values for Ymin and Ymax. The graphic calculator will calculate the appropriate
values of Ymin and Ymax when are pressed. The graph is shown on the
right screen shot below.
(ii) f(x) = ex sin x

x 2 x3 x3
= (1 + x + + + …) (x – + …)
2 6 6
3 3
x x x2 x3
= 1(x – + …) + x (x – + …) + (x – + …) + …
6 6 2 6
3 3
x x
= x – + x2 + + …
6 2
3
x
= x + x2 + + … [Answer]
3
19
x3
1(iii) Let g(x) = x + x2 + .
3
Answer:
You could obtain the graph of y = g(x) by using the graphic calculator.
Step 1: Press and type in the equation as follows, shown on the left screen shot below.
Step 2: Press and both graphs are shown on the right screen shot below.
However, if are pressed instead of pressing , then both graphs are

shown below with the range of g being considered.
(iv) Let | f(x) – g(x) | < 0.5
x3
|ex sin x – (x + x2 + ) | < 0.5
3
Using the graphic calculator, the solution is
– 1.96 < x < 1.56 (to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]
20
To solve the inequality by using the graphic calculator :
Step 1: Press and key in the equations as shown below. Note that abs( could be
obtained from the CATALOG menu by pressing .
.
Step 2: From the graphs obtained in part (iii), we observe that between x = –2 and x = 2,
the two graphs are quite close to each other. Thus, we set the window with
Xmin = –2 and Xmax = 2 and press for 0:ZoomFit. The graphs are
shown below.
Step 3: Press to display the CALC menu and select 5:intersect.
Step 4: Press and the cursor will appear on the line y = .5.
Step 5: Find the points of intersection by moving the cursor nearer to the respective
intersecting points and press three times.
21
1
2(i) y2 = x(1 − x) 2
1 1
and so y = x(1 − x) 2 or y = – x(1 − x) 2 .
1
Choose y = x(1 − x) 2 for the part of the curve which is above the x-axis.
As the curve above the x-axes is symmetrical to the curve below the x-axis, the
area under the curve and above the x-axis is equal to that of the area below the x-axis.
1 1
Thus, area of R = 2 ∫ x(1 − x) 2 dx [Answer]
0
Using the graphic calculator,

area of R = 0.99888 = 0.999 units 2 (to 3 sig. fig.). [Answer]
Alternatively, the equation of the part of the curve below the x-axis is
1
y = – x(1 − x) 2 . So, the area of R is the area of the region bounded by the curve with
1 1
equation y = x(1 − x) 2 , the curve with equation y = – x(1 − x) 2 , x = 0 and x = 1.
x(1 − x) 2 − ⎛⎜ − x(1 − x) 2 ⎞dx = 2 1 x(1 − x) 12 dx .
1 1 1
Therefore, area of R = ∫ 0 ⎝
⎟
⎠ ∫0
To obtain the numerical value of the integral, we may use the graphic calculator.
Step 1: Press and select option 9:fnInt( as shown on the left below.
Step 2: Press and key in the command statements as shown on the right above and
then press . Next, type to obtain the required answer.
Alternatively, you could also key in the command statements as follows.
1
(ii) Volume = π ∫ y 2 dx
0
1
= π ∫ x (1 − x) dx
0
dx
Let u = 1 – x. Then x = 1 – u and = −1 .
du
When x = 0, u = 1 – 0 = 1.
When x = 1, u = 1 – 1 = 0.
22
Thus,
0
volume = π ∫ (1 − u ) u (−du )
1
1 1
= π ∫ u 2 (1 − u ) du
0
1
1 1 3 ⎡ u 32 u 52 ⎤
=π ∫ u − u 2 2
du = π ⎢ − ⎥
0 3 5
⎣⎢ 2 2 ⎥⎦ 0
= π ⎡ 2 − 2 − 0⎤
⎢3 5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
= 4π units3. [Answer]
15
2(iii) y2 = x 1 − x
Differentiate the above equation with respect to x, we have

2y
dy
dx
( )
= x 1 (1 – x) 2 (– 1) + 1 − x
2
−1
( )
= – 1 x (1 – x) 2 + (1 – x) 2
−1 1
2
( )
= (– 1 x + (1 – x) ) 1
2 1− x
= 2 − 3x .
2 1− x
dy 2 − 3x
Thus, = .
dx 4 y 1− x
dy 2 − 3x
When = 0, = 0.
dx 4 y 1− x
So, 2 – 3x = 0
x= 2.
3
dy
( ) dy
( )
− +
For y > 0, > 0 when x = 23 and < 0 when x = 23 .
dx dx
Thus, the x-coordinate of the maximum point of C is x = 2 . [Answer]
3
3.(a) Let w = reiθ and so w* = re − iθ .

w reiθ
Thus, p = = − iθ = ei (θ −( −θ )) = ei (2θ ) .
w* re
Hence, | p | = 1 and arg (p) = 2 θ . [Answer]
Alternatively, using the facts that |w| = | w*| and arg(w*) = – arg(w) = – θ , we have
| w|
| p| = = 1 and arg (p) = arg (w) – arg (w*) = θ – (– θ ) = 2 θ .
| w*|
23
p5 = ei (2θ )5 = ei (10θ )
π
= cos(10 θ ) + i sin(10 θ ), 0 < θ < .
2
π π
Given that 0 < θ < , we have 0 < 10 θ < 10 × = 5π .
2 2
For p5 to be real, sin(10 θ ) = 0,
and so 10 θ = π , 2 π , 3 π , 4 π .
For Re( p5 ) to be positive, cos(10 θ ) > 0. For this to happen,10 θ must lie in the
1st and 4th quadrants.
Thus, 10 θ = 2 π , 4 π
π 2π
and so θ = , .
5 5
3(b) Answer :
Note that the mid point between 0 and 8 + 6i is

1 (0+8+6i) = 4 + 3i.
2
Least value of arg(z) = α.

From the diagram on the right,
α = arg (4 + 3i) – cos-1 5
6
-1 3 -1 5
= tan – cos
4 6
≈ 0.0578 rad
= 0.058 rad (correct to 3 d.p.) [Answer]
24
Greatest value of arg(z) = β.

From the diagram on the right,
β = arg (4 + 3i) + cos-1 5
6
-1 3 5
= tan + cos
4 6
≈ 1.2292 rad
= 1.229 rad (correct to 3 d.p.) [Answer]
Alternatively, it can also be solved by first finding the intersecting points of the circle and
the line by using the graphic calculator. Note that the equation of the circle is x2 + y2 = 62
and the equation of the line is y − 3 = − 4 ( x − 4) . After the point of intersection is found, say
3
−1 d
(c, d), then arg(z) = tan c .
4(i) Answer:
You may use the graphic calculator to check your graph.

Step 1: Press and key in the equation as shown on the left screen shot below.
X > 4 is typed in as a part of the equation as shown because of the domain
given in the question. The sign of greater than ( > ) can be obtained by
pressing for TEST menu and then select 3:>.
Step 2: Press and type in the respective values in the window settings as shown
on the right screen shot below.
Step 3: Press to see the graph as shown on the

right.
25
4(ii) Let y = (x – 4)2 + 1, x > 4

y – 1 = (x – 4)2
x – 4 = ± y −1
x = 4 ± y −1 .
As x > 4, x = 4 + y − 1 .
Since range of f is (1, ∞ ), we have Df −1 = R f = (1, ∞ ). [Answer]
Hence, f -1(x) = 4 + x − 1 , x > 1. [Answer]
(iii) Answer:
You may use the graphic calculator to check your graph.

Step 1: Press and type in the equation in Y2 as shown on the left screen shot
below.
Step 2: Under the same window setting that is done in part (i), press
to select 5:ZSquare so that the scales on both axes are of equal length. The
graphs are shown on the right screen shot below.
Note: You can verify the inverse you found by using your graphic calculator.
Press for DRAW menu and select 8:DrawInv followed by
to activate the command DrawInv Y1. If the two graphs
coincide, it means you have obtained the correct inverse function.
26
4(iv) The required equation of the line of reflection is y = x. [Answer]
Note that both graphs would meet at the line y = x.

Thus, solving the equation f(x) = f -1(x) is equivalent to solving the equation f(x) = x.
Let f(x) = x, x > 4

(x – 4)2 + 1 = x
x2 – 8x + 17 = x
x2 – 9x + 17 = 0
x = −(−9) ± (−9) − 4(1)(17) = 9 ± 13
2
2(1) 2
i.e. x = 9 + 13 or x = 9 − 13 (rejected as x > 4)

2 2
Hence, the exact solution of the equation f(x) = f -1(x) is x = 9 + 13 .
2
5 List out the names and number them in order from 1 to 950. Since the sample size
is 50, we divide 950 by 50, i.e. 950 = 19. Select a number randomly, say k, from 1 to 19
50
inclusive and pick students that correspond to numbers which are (k + the multiple of 19).
For example, if the starting number is 8, then students with the numbers 8, 27, 46, 65… etc
will be picked.
Alternatively,
since the sample size is 50, we divide 950 by 50, i.e. 950 = 19. That is, group the students
50
into 50 blocks, where each block consists 19 students. Number the students from 1 to 19 in
each block. Select a number randomly, say k, from 1 to 19 and then pick the kth student in
each block.
In stratified sampling, the student population is divided into non-overlapping representative

groups of strata, such as different types of sports activities which use different sports
facilities. Students are selected randomly from each stratum with the sample size
proportional to the relative size of the stratum. Hence, this is more likely to give a
representative sample of the student population and avoid any possible cyclical pattern from
the systematic sampling.
6. Let X be the random variable of “The mass of calcium in mg in a 1 litre bottle”.
x=
∑x =
1026
= 68.4.
n 15
Unbiased estimate of the population variance is
⎡ ( ∑ x) ⎤ (1026.0 ) ⎤
2
1 ⎡
2
1
∑ x − n ⎥ = 14 ⎢⎢77265.90 − 15 ⎥⎥ = 506.25.
2
s = ⎢ 2 ⎥
n −1 ⎢ ⎣ ⎦
⎣ ⎦
27
H0 : μ = 78
H1 : μ ≠ 78
x − 78
Assuming H0 is true. Test statistic t = ~ t(14).
s2
n
Using 2-tailed t-test to test at 5% level of significance where x = 68.4, s = 506.25

and n = 15, we obtain from the graphic calculator that the p-value is 0.1207.
As p-value is greater than 0.05, we do not reject H0 and conclude that there is insufficient
evidence to say that the mean mass of calcium in a bottle has changed at 5% significance
level.
You may use your graphic calculator to help you with the hypothesis testing.
Step 1: Press .
Step 2: Go to TESTS sub-menu by using the left arrow key and select option
2:T Test… as shown on the left screen shot below.
Step 3: Highlight the following options and key in the respective data as shown on the right
screen shot below.
Sx = √506.25

Step 4: Select Calculate to get the t-test results as shown on the screen shot below, where
the p-value can also be obtained.
28
A win
7 0.7 A win
0.2
A win
0.6 0.3 B win
0.8 B win
0.7 A win
0.2 A win
0.4
B win
0.3
0.8
B win
B win
st
1 set 2nd set 3rd set
(i) The probability that A wins the second set = 0.6(0.7) + 0.4(0.2) = 0.5. [Answer]
(ii) The probability that A wins the match = 0.6(0.7) + 0.6(0.3)(0.2) + 0.4(0.2)(0.7)
= 0.512. [Answer]
(iii) Let F denotes the event that B won the first set and
let W denotes the event that A wins the match.
P( F ∩ W ) 0.4(0.2)(0.7) 0.056
P( F | W) = = =
P(W ) 0.512 0.512
= 7 = 0.109 (to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]
64
8(i) Using the graphic calculator, the product moment correlation r = 0.970 (correct to 3 sig. fig.)
[Answer]
Since r is close to 1, we may say that x and t has a strong positive linear correlation.
However, a linear model is only appropriate if a linear relationship between x and t can also
be observed from the scatter plot of the data points. [Answer]
You may get the value of r by using your graphic calculator.

Step 1: Press , and select option 1:Edit…, as seen below by pressing .
.
29
Step 2: Key in the values into the list table as shown on the right below. Here, x, the
independent variable, is represented by L1 and t, the dependent variable, is
represented by L2.
Step 3: Press and go to CALC sub-menu. Select 4: LinReg(ax+b)
(or 8: LinReg(a+bx))
Step 4: Key in the list variables in the order of independent variable and then dependent
variable, as shown on the left below. Press to get the equation of the
regression line of x on t, including the product moment correlation coefficient.
Note: To get the value of r, DiagnosticOn must be selected. Press to display

the CATALOG menu. Scroll to DiagnosticOn and press twice.
8(ii) Answer:
You may use your graphic calculator to get the scatter diagram.
Step 1: Press to display the STAT PLOT menu as shown on the left screen shot
below.
30
Step 2: Press and select the respective options as shown on the left below.
Step 3: Press for 9:ZoomStat to show the graph on the right below.
8(iii) The incorrect point is P(4.8, 7.6). With point P removed, the remaining scatter
diagram shows points on a curve that gradually increases in a manner that the increment
of t deceases as x increases, which suggests that the data points may fit better with
t = a + b ln x . [Answer]
(iv) Using the graphic calculator, we have t = 1.4247 + 4.3966 ln x

= 1.42 + 4.40 ln x (to 3 sig. fig.).
Thus, a = 1.42, b = 4.40. [Answer]
You may get the least square estimates of a and b for the model t = a + b ln x by using
your graphic calculator.
Step 1: Press , then press to select the option 1:Edit…
Step 2: Use the down arrow key to move the cursor down along the list of L1 to
the number 4.8 and delete the entry by pressing . Next, move the cursor to
the right using the right arrow key and delete the number 7.6 under the L2 list.
Note: Observe that the table is similar to the earlier one in 8(i), except that the point
P(4.8, 7.6) has been removed from the list.
Step 3: Move the cursor to the top of the next list, which is L3 and highlighted as shown.
Key in (for ln L1) and press . The table is shown below.
31
Step 4: Press , then press to go to CALC sub-menu. Select 8: LinReg(a+bx))

and press .
Step 5: Key in the list variables in the order of independent variable and then dependent
variable, as shown on the left below. Press to get the equation of the new
regression line of ln x on t, including the product moment correlation coefficient.
8(v) Using the graphic calculator, we have t = 1.4247 + 4.3966 ln x ---------------------(1)

Substitute x = 4.8 into (1), we have
t = 1.4247 + 4.3966 ln(4.8)
≈ 8.3213
= 8.32 (correct to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]
(vi) Since x = 8 falls outside the range of data on which we obtained the regression line,
extrapolation of the observed data points is not advisable and thus, the estimate of the
value of t is not reliable when x = 8.0. [Answer]
9 Let X be the random variable of “ The number of grand pianos sold in a week”.
Here, X ~ Po (1.8).
P(X ≥ 4) = 1 – P(X ≤ 3)
≈ 1 – 0.89129
= 0.10871
32
To find the probability by using the graphic calculator:

Step 1: Press and under DISTR sub-menu, select D: poissoncdf(.
Step 2: Key in the data as shown on the right below.
Let Y be the random variable of “The number of upright pianos sold in a week”.
Here, Y ~ Po (2.6).
Let W be the random variable of “The total number of grand and upright pianos sold in a
week”. Here, W = X +Y ~ Po (1.8 + 2.6) as X and Y are independent.
Thus, W ~ Po (4.4)
P(W = 4) ≈ 0.19174
Step 1: Type and under DISTR sub-menu, choose C: poissonpdf( .
Step 2: Key in the following data as shown on the right below.
Let V be the random variable of “The number of grand pianos sold in a year of 50 weeks”.
V ~ Po (50 × 1.8)
That is, V ~ Po (90).
Since λ = 90 ( >10) is large, we use a normal distribution as an approximation to the

Poisson distribution with mean = variance = 90. That is, V ~ N(90, 90) approximately.
P(V < 80) = P(V ≤ 79.5 )

≈ 0.13419
= 0.134 (to 3 sig. fig.) (Answer)
33

Step 1: Type and under DISTR sub-menu, choose 2: normalcdf( .
The Poisson model assumes that events occur ‘uniformly’. That is, the expected number of
events in a given time interval is proportional to the size of the interval. However, in real
life, the mean number of grand pianos sold occur within a small fixed interval of time as it
is a non-essential or luxury item, which could be sold in a seasonal manner. Thus, the
Poisson distribution may not be a good model for the number of grand pianos sold in a
year. [Answer]
10(i) Required number of ways = 3C2 × 4C3 × 5C3 = 120. [Answer]
(ii) Required number of ways = 9C8 = 9. [Answer]
(iii) Case 1: 4 diplomats from M

Then 4 diplomats have to be chosen from K and L.
So, number of ways = 5C4 × 7C4 = 175
Case 2: 5 diplomats from M
Then 3 diplomats have to be chosen from K & L.
So, number of ways = 5C5 × 7C3= 35
Required number of ways = 175 + 35

= 210. [Answer]
(iv) Required number of ways

= Number of unrestricted ways – (Number of ways chosen from L and M only)
– (Number of ways chosen from K and M only)
– (Number of ways chosen from K and L only)
= 12C8 – 9C8 – 8C8 – 0
= 495 – 9 – 1
= 485. [Answer]
34
11(i) X ~ N (50, 82)

X1 + X2 ~ N (50 × 2, 82 × 2) as X1 + X2 are two independent observations of X.
i.e.X1 + X2 ~ N (100, 128)
Thus, P(X1 + X2 >120) ≈ 0.0385499

= 0.0385 (correct to 3 sig. fig.)
To calculate the probability by using the graphic calculator:

Step 1: Press and under DISTR sub-menu, choose 2:normalcdf(.
(ii) X1 – X2 ~ N (50 – 50, 82 + 82)

i.e. X1 – X2 ~ N (0, 128).
P(X1 > X2 + 15) = P(X1 – X2 > 15)

≈ 0.092449 = 0.0924 (correct to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]

Step 1: Type and under DISTR sub-menu, select 2:normalcdf(.
Since Y is a linear function of X and X is normal , Y is also normal.

Since normal distribution is symmetrical about the mean and P(Y < 74) = P(Y > 146),
74 + 146
we have E(Y) = = 110. [Answer]
2
35
As P(Y < 74) = 0.0668,

we have P(Z < 74 − 110 ) = 0.0668 where σ 2 = Var(Y).
σ
Using the graphic calculator,
74 − 110 = –1.5000556
σ
so σ = 23.9991.
Therefore, Var(Y) = σ 2 ≈ 575.96
= 576 (to 3 sig.fig). [Answer]
To find the value of c when P(Z < c) = 0.0668 by using the graphic calculator:
Step 1: Type and under DISTR sub-menu, choose 3:invNorm(.
Note that E(Y) = a E(X) + b

= 50a + b
and Var(Y) = a2 Var(X) + Var(b)
= a2 Var(X) + 0
= 64 a2 .
Thus, 110 = 50a + b -------------------(1)

575.96 = 64 a2 ------------------- (2)
Solving (2), a ≈ 2.9999 or – 2.9999 (rejected as a > 0)

= 3 (to 3 sig. fig) (Answer)
Substitute a = 2.9999 into (1), we have
110 = 50(2.9999)+ b
b = – 39.995
= – 40 (to 3 sig.fig.) [Answer]
36
f Solutions to H1 Mathematics Paper 1
1 Answer:
You can obtain the graph from the graphic calculator:

Step 1: Press and type in the equation as shown on the left below.
Step 2: Press and set the window as shown on the right below. We set
Ymin = –2 and Ymax = 2 as −1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1 .
Step 3: Press to see the graph shown on the right.
From the graph, when sin α = c, where 0 < α < 90o,

(i) sin (2 π + α) = c [Answer]
(ii) sin (3 π + α) = – c [Answer]
One possible value of x for which sin x = – c is either π + α or 2π − α . [Answer]
37
2 x + y = 20 ---------------------- (1)
x2 + y2 = 300 ---------------------- (2)
Rearrange (1)
y = 20 – x ---------------------- (3)
Substitute y = 20 – x into (2), we have

x2 + (20 – x)2 = 300
2 2
x + 400 – 40x + x = 300
2x2 – 40x + 100 = 0 Alternatively,
x2 – 20x + 50 = 0 by completing the square, we have
x = 20 ± 20 − 4(1)(50)
2
(x – 10)2 – 100 + 50 = 0
2(1)
= 20 ± 200 (x – 10)2 – 50 = 0
2
= 20 ± 100 × 2 (x – 10)2 = 50
2
= 20 ± 10 2 x = 10 ± 50
2
= 10 ± 5 2 = 10 ± 25 × 2 = 10 ± 5 2 .
Substitute the values of x into (3), we have

y = 20 – ( 10 ± 5 2 )
= 10 ∓ 5 2
Since x > y and 10 − 5 2 < 10 + 5 2 , we have
x = 10 + 5 2 and y = 10 − 5 2 . [Answer]
3 y = 2x2 ------------- (1)

y = x2 + k2 ------------- (2)
Substitute y = 2x2 into (2):

2x2 = x2 + k2
x2 = k2
x = ± k2
= k or –k.
Therefore, the x –coordinates of P and Q are k and –k respectively. [Shown]
38
k
Required area = ∫ −k
( x 2 + k 2 ) − (2 x 2 ) dx
k
= 2 ∫ k 2 − x 2 dx
−k
k
= ⎡k 2 x − x3 ⎤
⎢⎣ 3⎥ ⎦−k
= ⎡ k 3 − k ⎤ − ⎡ −k 3 − (−k ) ⎤
3 3
⎣ 3 ⎦ ⎣⎢ 3 ⎦⎥
3 3
= 2k + 2k = 4k units2. [Answer]
3
3 3 3
Alternatively, as both graphs are symmetrical about the y–axis,

k
required area = 2 ∫ ( x 2 + k 2 ) − (2 x 2 ) dx
0
k
= 2 ∫ k 2 − x 2 dx = 2 ⎡⎢ k 2 x − x ⎤⎥ = 2 ⎡⎢⎛⎜ k 3 − k ⎞⎟ − ⎛⎜ 03 − 0 ⎞⎟ ⎤⎥ = 4k units2.
k 3 3 3 3
0 3
⎣ 3 ⎦0 ⎣⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠⎦
4(i)(a) Answer : Graph of y = f(x) = x2 – 1
To obtain the graph from the graphic calculator:

Step 1: Press and type in the equation as shown on the left below.
Step 2: Press for 6:ZStandard and the graph is shown on the right below.
39
4(i)(b) Answer : Graph of y = gf(x) = g(x2 – 1) = | x2 – 1|
To obtain the graph from the graphic calculator:

Step 1: Press and type in the equation as shown on the left below. Note that abs(
could be obtained from the CATALOG menu by pressing .
Step 2: Press to see the graph plotted in the standard window setting as shown
on the right below.
(c) Answer : Graph of y = fg(x) = f (|x|) = |x|2 – 1.
Note that since |x|2 = x2, we have y = fg(x) = x2 – 1= f(x)

and so, the graph of y = fg(x) is identical to the graph of y = f(x).
40
Alternatively, you can also obtain the graph from the graphic calculator:
Step 1: Press and key in the equation as shown on the left below. Note that abs(
could be obtained from the CATALOG menu by pressing .
Step 2: Press to see the graph shown on the right below.
4(ii) For f -1 to exit, f has to be a one-one function.

From the graph in 4(i)(a), f is a one-one function with domain restricted to x ≤ a where
a ≤ 0 . Therefore, the greatest possible value of a is 0. [Answer]
From the graph, range of f is (–1, ∞ ).

Thus, we have Df −1 = R f = (–1, ∞ ). [Answer]
Let y = x2 – 1, x ≤ 0
y + 1 = x2
x = ± y +1
As x ≤ 0, we have x = – y + 1 .
Thus, f –1(x) = – x + 1 , x ≥ –1. [Answer]
5 x = t 3 – 12t2 + kt
dx
= 3t2 – 24t + k.
dt
dx
When > 0, x increases.
dt
Let 3t2 – 24t + k > 0 for t ≥ 0 .
In order to have 3t2 – 24t + k > 0 for all t, its discriminant < 0.
So, (– 24)2 – 4(3)(k) < 0
576 < 12k
k > 48. [Answer]
41
Given that k = 36, we have x = t3 – 12 t2 + 36 t.

5(i) Answer: Graph of x = t 3 – 12 t2 + 36 t.
To obtain the graph by using the graphic calculator:

Step 1: Press and key in the equation as shown on the left below.
Step 2: As the independent variable t is positive, press to set the window such
that Xmin = 0, Xmax = 10. Need not key in the values for Ymin and Ymax. The
graphic calculator will calculate the appropriate values of Ymin and Ymax when
are pressed. The graph is shown on the right below. You may check
that the curve passes through the point (6, 0) when are pressed.
(ii) 375 = t3 – 12 t2 + 36 t
3 2
t – 12 t + 36 t – 375 = 0
Using the graphic calculator, t = 11.7 seconds (to 1 d.p.). [Answer]
To solve the cubic equation by using the graphic calculator:

.
Step 2: Press any key to see the MAIn MEnu shown on the right above.
Select option 1:POLY ROOT FINDER by pressing or .
42
shot above.
Step 5: Go to SOLVE by pressing to see the answer shown below.
6. y = ln (2x + 4)
dy
= 2 = 1 .
dx 2x + 4 x+2
2 1 1
When x = 1, dy = = . Thus, the gradient of the tangent to C at x =1 is .
dx 2(1) + 4 3 3
Equation of the tangent to C at P(1, ln 6):

y – y1 = m (x – x1)
y – ln 6 = 1 (x – 1)
3
y = x – 1 + ln 6.
1
3 3
As the y-coordinate of T is 0, we let y = 0.
So, 0 = 1 x – 1 + ln 6
3 3
1 x = 1 – ln 6
3 3
x = l – 3 ln 6.
Therefore, the exact x–coordinate of T is 1 – 3 ln 6. [Shown]
1
Gradient of the normal to C at x =1 is − 1 = – 3.
3
43
Thus, equation of the normal to C at P(1, ln 6):

y – y1 = m (x – x1)
y – ln 6 = – 3(x – 1)
y = –3x + 3 + ln 6.
As the y-coordinate of N is 0, we let y = 0.

So, 0 = –3x + 3 + ln 6
3x = 3 + ln 6
x = 1 + ln 6 .
3
Therefore, the exact x–coordinate of N is 1 + ln 6 . [Answer]
3
Length of TN = 1 + ln 6 – (1 – 3 ln 6) = 1 + 6 + 3 ln 6 – 1 = 10 ln 6 .
ln
3 3 3
Note that the height of triangle PTN is the y-coordinate of the point P, which is ln 6.
Thus, area of triangle PTN = 1 × base × height
2
= × 10 ln 6 × ln 6
1
2 3
5
= ( ln 6 )2 units2. [Answer]
3
7 If it is normally distributed, the probability of the marks that are

beyond 100 is more than 0.033 (refer to the screen shot on the right),
which is not negligible. This means that at least 3% of the marks
would be above 100, which is impossible.
Therefore, normal distribution will not give a good approximation to
the distribution of marks.
Let X be the random variable of “The marks of the candidates”.

As n = 50 is relatively large, by Central Limit Theorem, we have
2
X ~ N (72.1, 15.2 ) approximately.
50
Using the graphic calculator, P (70.0 < X < 75.0) = 0.747 (to 3 sig fig). [Answer]

Step 1: Press to display DISTR menu. Under DISTR sub-menu, choose
2: normalcdf( by pressing .
Step 2: Key in the data according to the sequence as follows: lower bound, upper bound,
mean and standard deviation, as shown on the right below.
44
8 Let X be the random variable denoting the number of loaves out of 6 which are ‘crusty’.
Note that X ~ B (6, 0.6)
So P(X = 3) = 0.27648
= 0.276 (to 3 sig. fig.). [Answer]

Step 1: Press to display DISTR menu. Under DISTR sub-menu, choose
A:binompdf(.
Step 2: Key in the data according to the sequence as shown on the right below.
Let Y be the random variable denoting the number of loaves out of 40 which are ‘crusty’.
Note that Y ~ B (40, 0.6).
Since n = 40 is large, np = 40(0.6) = 24 > 5, nq = 40 (1 – 0.6) = 16 > 5, we have

Y ~ N (np, npq) approximately. That is, Y ~ N( 24, 9.6) approximately.
Thus, using the graphic calculator, P(Y ≥ 20) = P(Y > 19.5)
= 0.927 (to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]

Step 1: Press for DISTR menu. Under DISTR sub-menu, choose
2: normalcdf(.
Step 2: Key in the following data according to the sequence as follows: lower bound,
upper bound, mean and standard deviation, as shown on the right below.
Let W be the random variable denoting the mass of a loaf of bread in kg.
Given that W ~ N (1.24, σ 2 )
P(W < 1) = 0.04

P( Z < 1 − 1.24 ) = 0.04.
σ
45
Using the graphic calculator, we have

− 0.24
= –1.7507
σ
and so σ = − 0.24 = 0.137 (to 3 sig fig). [Answer]
−1.7507
You can use the graphic calculator to get the value of c when P( Z < c) = 0.04 by simply
pressing and select 3:invNorm(, then key in 0.04 and press .
9(i) Tan’s Mui’s
2
8
Red
5
8
3 Red Blue
8 1
8
Green
3
5 Red
8
8
4
8
Blue Blue
1
8
Green
(ii) The probability that Mui’s pen is blue, given that Tan’s pen is red = 5 . [Answer]
8
3 2 5 3
(iii) The probability that Mui’s pen is red = × + × = 21 . [Answer]
8 8 8 8 64
(iv) Let A denotes the event that Tan’s pen is red and
let B denotes the event that Mui’s pen is blue.
3 5
P(A ∩ B) ×
P( A | B) = = 8 8 = 3 . [Answer]
P( B) 3 5 5 4 7
× + ×
8 8 8 8
46
10 Let X be the random variable denoting the number of hours of the lifetime of a
particular type of battery.
x =
∑x
n
10317
= ≈ 147.39
70
⎛ ( ∑ x) ⎞
2
Unbiased estimate of population variance = 1 ⎜∑ x −

2 ⎟
n −1 ⎜ n ⎟
⎝ ⎠
= 1 ⎜1540231 − (10317 ) ⎟
⎛ 2
⎞
69 ⎜ 70 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
≈ 284.82
H0: μ = 150
H1: μ < 150
As n = 70 is large, by Central Limit Theorem, X is approximately normally distributed.

Thus, Z-test is used with x = 147.39, s = 284.82 and n = 70. Assuming H0 is true, we
obtain from the graphic calculator that the p-value = 0.0978 (to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]
To find the p-value using the graphic calculator:

Step 1: Press , go to TESTS, choose 1: Z‐Test... as shown on the left below by
pressing .
Step 2: Choose the Stats option and key in the respective data as shown on the right
below.
Step 3: Move the cursor to Calculate and press to see the p-value.
Alternatively, we could calculate the p-value as follows:
47
Under H0, X ~ N(150, 284.82 ) approximately by Central Limit Theorem as n = 70 is large.

70
Thus, by using the graphic calculator,
p-value = P( X < x )
= P( X < 10317 )
70
= 0.0978 (to 3 sig.fig.).
p–value is the lowest significant level at which the null hypothesis would be rejected on the
basis of the observed outcome. Hence, the p-value in this question refers to the lowest
significance level at which the claim that the mean lifetime of the battery is equal to 150
hours is rejected on the basis of the observed outcome.
Let W be the random variable denoting the number of hours of lifetime of each battery in the
combined sample.
n = 70 + 50 = 120
∑ w = ∑ x + ∑ y = 10317 + 7331 = 17 648
∑w ∑x +∑ y
2 2 2
= = 1540231 + 1100565 = 2640796
17648
w =
120
≈ 147.067
⎛ ( ∑ w) ⎞
2
1 ⎜
Unbiased estimate of population variance =
n −1 ⎜
∑ w − n ⎟⎟
2
⎝ ⎠
⎛ (17648 ) ⎞
2
1
= ⎜ 2640796 − ⎟
119 ⎜ 120 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
≈ 381.2056
H0 : μ = 150
H1 : μ < 150
Assuming H0 is true.
As n = 120 is large, by the Central Limit Theorem,
w − 150
test statistic z = ~ N (0, 1) approximately.
s/ n
17648
Using 1-tail Z-test to test at 10% level of significance, where s = 381.2056 , w =
120
and n = 120, we obtain from the graphic calculator that the p-value = 0.0499(to 3 sig.fig.).
Since p-value < 0.1, we reject H0 and conclude that there is sufficient evidence that the
population mean is less than 150 at 10% significance level.
48
You may use the graphic calculator to help you with the hypothesis testing.
Step 1: Press .
Step 2: Go to TESTS sub-menu by pressing the left arrow key and select option
1: Z‐Test… as shown on the left below.
Step 3: Choose the Stats option and key in the respective data as shown on the right
below.
Step 4: Move the cursor to Calculate and press to get the Z-test results as shown
below.
11(i) Answer :
49
To obtain the scatter plot of the data by using the graphic calculator :
Step 1: Press , then press to select the option 1:Edit…
Step 2: Key in the list table as shown on the right below.
Step 3: Press to display STAT PLOT menu as shown on the left below. Press
and highlight the appropriate settings as shown on the right below by using the arrow
and keys.
Step 4: Press for 9:ZoomStat to see the appropriate scatter diagram shown
below.
11(ii) Using the graphic calculator,

x = 17, y = 343.75= 344 (to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]
Answer:
50
To find the values of x and y by using the graphic calculator:

Step 1: Press , then press to go to CALC sub-menu. Select option 2:2‐Var Stats
as seen on the left below by pressing .
.
Step 2: Key in the appropriate list variables in the order as shown on the right above.
Step 3: Press and the value of x is shown. Press to see the value of y .
11(iii) Using the graphic calculator, the equation of the regression line of y on x is
y = 53.3 + 17.1 x (to 3 sig.fig.) [Answer]
Note that the line must be drawn to pass through the point ( x , y ) .
51
To find the equation of the regression line of y on x by using the graphic calculator:
Step 1: Press , then press to go to CALC sub-menu. Select 4:LinReg(ax+b) and
press .
.
Step 2: Key in the list variables in the order of independent variable, dependent variable and
Y1 as shown on the middle screen shot below. Press to get the equation of the
regression line of y on x, including the product moment correlation coefficient r.
Here, Y1 is typed in so that the regression line could be drawn on the screen later.
Note: To get the value of r, DiagnosticOn must be selected. Press to display

CATALOG menu and scroll to DiagnosticOn, then press twice.
Step 3: Press for 9:ZoomStat to see the graph of the regression line as shown
below.
11(iv) Using the graphic calculator, the product moment correlation coefficient r
is 0.969 (to 3 sig. fig.). [Answer]
Note that the value of r can be found on the screen shot on the extreme right above.
From the scatter plot, we observe that the data points are close to the regression straight line.
In addition, as the value of r is close to 1, it shows a strong positive linear correlation
between x and y.
(v) When x = 20, y = 53.333 + 17.083(20) = 394.993.

The corresponding profit = $395 000 (to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]
(vi) As x = 40 is outside the range of data on which we obtained the regression line, the variables
may not be linearly correlated. Hence, the estimate may not be reliable and extrapolation
must be applied with caution. [Answer]
52
12 Let X be the random variable denoting the mass of an apple in kg.

Here, X ~ N (0.234, 0.0252)
Let S be the random variable denoting the mass in kg, of a small bag containing 5 apples.
Then S = X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5 ~ N (5× 0.234, 5× 0.0252).
Thus, S ~ N(1.17, 0.003125)
Let L be the random variable denoting the mass in kg, of a large bag containing 10 apples.
Then L = X1 + X2 + X3 +……+ X9 + X10 ~ N (10× 0.234, 10× 0.0252).
Thus, L ~ N(2.34, 0.00625)
P(S > 1.2) ≈ 0.29575

= 0.296 ( to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]
Using the graphic calculator to find P(S > 1.2):

Step 1: Type and under DISTR sub-menu, choose 2:normalcdf(.
S1+ S2 – L ~ N( 2(1.17) – 2.34, 2(0.003125) + 0.00625 )

Thus, S1+ S2 – L ~ N(0, 0.0125)
P(| S1+ S2 – L| < 0.2)

= P( – 0.2 < S1+ S2 – L < 0.2) ≈ 0.92636
= 0.926 (to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]
Using the graphic calculator to find P(|S1+ S2 – L | < 0.2):

53
Let M be the random variable denoting the amount of money in $ that Lee pays more
than Foo.
Thus, M = 1.5 (S1+ S2) – 1.2 L .

As E(M) = 1.5(1.17+1.17) – 1.2(2.34)
= 3.51 – 2.808
= 0.702
and Var(M) = 1.52(0.003125 + 0.003125) + 1.22(0.00625)

= 0.0140625 +0.009
= 0.0230625
we have M ~ N (0.702, 0.0230625).
Using the graphic calculator, P (M ≥ 0.50) ≈ 0.90826

= 0.908 (to 3 sig. fig). [Answer]

54

A Level Solution2008

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© Interactive Math Exploration Centre

First Published August 2009

ISBN No. 978-981-08-3785-3

Interactive Math Exploration Centre

1. Solution to A level H2 Math Paper 1 2 –18

2. Solution to A level H2 Math Paper 2 19 – 36

3. Solution to A level H1 Math Paper 37 – 54

f Solution to A level H2 Math Paper 1

1 Since the two shaded areas are equal, we have

Since LHS = RHS, P1 is true.

(i) OP = OA + OB (since OAPB is a parallelogram.)

(ii) Let u = ln x, dv = xn dx.

Applying the method of integration by parts, we have

Using the cosine rule,

When θ is a small angle, cos θ ≈ 1 – θ .

4(1 + 3θ4 ) 1 + 3θ4

(b) f(x) = tan (2x + π4 )

Thus, f(0) = tan ( π4 ) = 1

Hence, f(x) = f(0) + f '(0) x + f ''(0) x2 + …..

7 Total length of straight parts = y + x + y = 2y + x.

As total time taken is given to be 180, we have

180 = 3(x + 2y) + 9 ⎛⎜ π x ⎞⎟

Let A be the area of the flower-bed.

Substitute x = 6.0889 into (1), we have y = 12.6 (to 3 sig fig).

= – ⎛⎜1 + 5π ⎞⎟ < 0, A is maximum when x = 30 .

If time permits, you could use your graphic calculator

(ii) Note that complex roots occur in conjugate pairs.

Since (z – (1 + 3 i))(z – (1 – 3 i)) = ((z – 1) – 3 i))((z – 1) + 3 i)

Next, expanding the RHS of (1), (z2 – 2z + 4)(2z + 1)

Comparing the coefficient of z2, a = – 3. [Answer]

Alternatively, to find the values of a and b,

The Argand diagram of the roots is shown on the right.

Since ad – bc ≠ 0, f '(x) ≠ 0 for all real values of x.

(ii) Dividing ax+ b by cx + d, we have the following.

When ad – bc = 0, f(x) = a . Thus, the graph is a horizontal line with equation y = a .

We can get the graph by using the graphic calculator.

Step 5: Go to SOLVE by pressing to see the answer shown below.

Thus, (n + 39.46)(n – 33.79) >0.

We have n < – 39.46 or n > 33.79.

Compound interest = 0.02(10) + 0.02(1.02×10) + 0.02(1.022×10) + …. + 0.02(1.0223×10)

= 0.2 (1 + 1.02 + … + 1.0223 )

= $6.08 (to 3 sig. fig.) [Answer]

End of 1st month, she has (1.02)(10) in total.

End of 2nd month, she has (1.02)[10(1.02) + 10]

End of 3rd month, she has (1.02) [ (1.02)2(10) + (1.02)(10) + 10]

= 10[1.02n + 1.02n – 1 + … + 1.02]

Let 510 (1.02n – 1) > 2000.

Thus, the least value of n is 81 months. [Answer]

To solve this system of equations, we may use the graphic calculator.

Step 5: Go to SOLVE by pressing to obtain the solution as shown below.

Coordinates of the intersecting point = ⎛⎜ − 4 , − 4 , 7 ⎞⎟ . [Answer]

Step 5: Go to SOLVE by pressing to obtain the solution as shown below.

2 × (1): 4x – 10y = 6 – 6z ---------(3)

(3) + (4) : 19x = –19 + 19z

When a normal vector to the plane p3 is perpendicular to a direction vector of l,

Thus, the vector equation of the plane is

f Solution to A level H2 Math Paper 2

(ii) f(x) = ex sin x

However, if are pressed instead of pressing , then both graphs are

(iv) Let | f(x) – g(x) | < 0.5

To solve the inequality by using the graphic calculator :

Step 3: Press to display the CALC menu and select 5:intersect.