Spatial Enhancement by ERDAS

Aim: - To perform Spatial Enhancement by using Convolution and Crisp Techniques

Procedure:-
 Start ERDAS Imagine by click Start/ Programs/ ERDAS IMAGINE / ERDAS
IMAGINE

 To start Radiometric Enhancement click on the Interpreter icon on the ERDAS

IMAGINE icon panel.

 This will displays the Image Interpreter DBX

 Click on the Spatial Enhancement Tab, this will displays the Spatial
Enhancement DBX
1. Convolution:
Convolution filtering is the process of averaging small sets of pixels
across an image. Convolution filtering is used to change the spatial frequency
characteristics of an image

Convolution Formula:

The following formula is used to derive an output data file value for the pixel
being convolved (in the center):

Where:

fij = the coefficient of a convolution kernel at position i,j (in the kernel)
dij = the data value of the pixel that corresponds to fij
q = the dimension of the kernel, assuming a square kernel (if q = 3, the kernel
is 3 × 3)
F = either the sum of the coefficients of the kernel, or 1 if the sum of
coefficients is 0
V = the output pixel value

In cases where V is less than 0, V is clipped to 0.

The sum of the coefficients (F) is used as the denominator of the equation
above, so that the output values are in relatively the same range as the input
values. Since F cannot equal zero (division by zero is not defined), F is set to 1
if the sum is zero.

 Click on the Convolution tab from the Spatial Enhancement DBX, this will
display Convolution DBX
  Browse for the input file and Give the name of Output file by browsing the
destination folder
 Select the default kernel in the kernel library
 Select 3*3 Edge Detect from kernel List
 Select coordinate type map
 Select the radio button against reflection under Handle Edge By tab
 Put tick against the Check box of Ignore Zero Stats
 Put tick against the check box of Normalize the Kernel
 Click OK, to perform Convolutionclick OK in the Modeler DBX after the
completion of job.

Result: -
2. Crisp:
The Crisp filter sharpens the overall scene luminance without
distorting the interband variance content of the image. This is a useful
enhancement if the image is blurred due to atmospheric haze, rapid sensor
motion, or a broad point spread function of the sensor.

The algorithm used for this function is:

1) Calculate principal components of multiband input image.

2) Convolve PC-1 with summary filter.
3) Retransform to RGB space.

The logic of the algorithm is that the first principal component (PC-1)
of an image is assumed to contain the overall scene luminance. The other
PCs represent intra-scene variance. Thus, you can sharpen only PC-1 and
then reverse the principal components calculation to reconstruct the
original image. Luminance is sharpened, but variance is retained.

Crisp gray Scale Model:

 Click on the Crisp tab from the Spatial Enhancement DBX, this will display
Crisp DBX
  Browse for the input file and Give the name of Output file by browsing the
destination folder
 Select coordinate type map
 Put tick against the Check box of Stretch to Unsigned 8 bit
 Put tick against the check box of Ignore Zero Stats
 Click OK, to perform Crispclick OK in the Modeler DBX after the
completion of job.

Result: -