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You are here: Home » Howtos » Linux » Fedora » Virtual Users And Domains With Postfix, Courier And MySQL (Fedora 8)
Virtual Users And Domains With Postfix, Courier And MySQL (Fedora 8)
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Submitted by falko (Contact Author) (Forums) on Sun, 2007-11-18 18:00. ::
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tweet V ers ion 1 .0

A uthor: Falko T imme <ft [at] falkotimme [dot] c om>
L as t edited 1 1 /1 4 /2 0 0 7
This tutorial is Copyright (c) 2007 by Falko Timme. I t is derived from a tutorial from Chris toph Haas which
you can find at http://workaround.org. You are free to us e this tutorial under the Creative Commons licens e
2.5 or any later vers ion.
T his doc ument des c ribes how to ins tall a mail s erver bas ed on P os tfix that is bas ed on virtual us ers
and domains , i.e. us ers and domains that are in a M ySQ L databas e. I 'll als o demons trate the
ins tallation and c onfiguration of C ourier (C ourier-P O P 3 , C ourier- I M A P ), s o that C ourier c an
authentic ate agains t the s ame M ySQ L databas e P os tfix us es .
T he res ulting P os tfix s erver is c apable of SMTP-A UTH and TLS and quot a (quota is not built into
P os tfix by default, I 'll s how how to patc h your P os tfix appropriately). P as s words are s tored in
encrypt ed form in the databas e (mos t doc uments I found were dealing with plain text pas s words
whic h is a s ec urity ris k). I n addition to that, this tutorial c overs the ins tallation of A mavisd,
SpamA ssassin and ClamA V s o that emails will be s c anned for s pam and virus es .
T he advantage of s uc h a "virtual" s etup (virtual us ers and domains in a M ySQ L databas e) is that it is
far more performant than a s etup that is bas ed on "real" s ys tem us ers . With this virtual s etup your
mail s erver c an handle thous ands of domains and us ers . Bes ides , it is eas ier to adminis trate bec aus e
you only have to deal with the M ySQ L databas e when you add new us ers /domains or edit exis ting
ones . N o more pos tmap c ommands to c reate db files , no more reloading of P os tfix, etc . For the
adminis tration of the M ySQ L databas e you c an us e web bas ed tools like phpM yA dmin whic h will als o
be ins talled in this howto. T he third advantage is that us ers have an email addres s as us er name
(ins tead of a us er name + an email addres s ) whic h is eas ier to unders tand and keep in mind.
T his tutorial is bas ed on Fedora 8 (i3 8 6 ). Y ou s hould already have s et up a bas ic Fedora s ys tem, as
des c ribed here: http://www.howtoforge.c om/fedora- 8 - s erver- lamp- email- dns - ftp- is pc onfig and
http://www.howtoforge.c om/fedora- 8 - s erver- lamp- email- dns - ftp- is pc onfig- p2 . P lus , you s hould make
s ure that the firewall is off (at leas t for now) and that SELinux is disabled (this is important! ), as s hown
in the c hapters s ix and s even on http://www.howtoforge.c om/fedora- 8 - s erver- lamp- email- dns - ftp-
is pc onfig- p3 .
T his howto is meant as a prac tic al guide; it does not c over the theoretic al bac kgrounds . T hey are
treated in a lot of other doc uments in the web.
T his doc ument c omes without warranty of any kind! I want to s ay that this is not the only way of
s etting up s uc h a s ys tem. T here are many ways of ac hieving this goal but this is the way I take. I do
not is s ue any guarantee that this will work for you!
O ur hos tname in this example is server1.example.com, and it has the I P addres s 192.168.0.100, s o we
c hange /etc/hosts as follows :
vi /etc/hosts
6 of 12 11/30/09 12:06
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.0.100 server1.example.com server1
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
Firs t we import the G P G keys for s oftware pac kages :
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY*
T hen we update our exis ting pac kages on the s ys tem:
yum update
N ow we ins tall s ome s oftware that we need later on:
yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'
yum groupinstall 'Development Libraries'
7 of 12 11/30/09 12:06
T his c an all be ins talled with one s ingle c ommand (inc luding the pac kages we need to build C ourier-
I M A P ):
yum install ntp httpd mysql-server php php-mysql php-mbstring rpm-build gcc mysql-devel
openssl-devel cyrus-sasl-devel pkgconfig zlib-devel phpMyAdmin pcre-devel openldap-devel
postgresql-devel expect libtool-ltdl-devel openldap-servers libtool gdbm-devel pam-devel
gamin-devel
U nfortunately there are no rpm pac kages for C ourier- I M A P , C ourier- A uthlib, and M aildrop, therefore
we have to ins tall them as des c ribed in this tutorial: H ow T o I ns tall c ourier- imap, c ourier- authlib,
A nd maildrop O n Fedora, RedH at, C entO S
We have to get the P os tfix s ourc e rpm, patc h it with the quota patc h, build a new P os tfix rpm pac kage
and ins tall it.
cd /usr/src
wget http://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/fedora/linux/releases/8/Fedora/source/SRPMS
/postfix-2.4.5-2.fc8.src.rpm
rpm -ivh postfix-2.4.5-2.fc8.src.rpm
T he las t c ommand will s how s ome warnings that you c an ignore:
warning: user kojibuilder does not exist - using root

warning: group kojibuilder does not exist - using root
cd /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES
wget http://vda.sourceforge.net/VDA/postfix-2.4.5-vda-ng.patch.gz
gunzip postfix-2.4.5-vda-ng.patch.gz
cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/
N ow we mus t edit the file postfix.spec:
vi postfix.spec
C hange %define MYSQL 0 to %define MYSQL 1, add Patch0: postfix-2.4.5-vda-ng.patch to the # Patches
s tanza, and finally add %patch0 -p1 -b .vda-ng to the %setup -q s tanza:
8 of 12 11/30/09 12:06
[...]
%define MYSQL 1
[...]
# Patches
Patch0: postfix-2.4.5-vda-ng.patch
Patch1: postfix-2.1.1-config.patch
Patch3: postfix-alternatives.patch
Patch6: postfix-2.1.1-obsolete.patch
Patch7: postfix-2.1.5-aliases.patch
Patch8: postfix-large-fs.patch
Patch9: postfix-2.4.0-cyrus.patch
Patch10: postfix-2.4.5-open_define.patch
[...]
%prep
T hen we build our new P os tfix rpm pac kage with quota and M ySQ L s upport:
rpmbuild -ba postfix.spec
Y ou will s ee lots of warnings like thes e that you c an ignore:
msg.h:12:1: warning: "/*" within comment

O ur P os tfix rpm pac kage is c reated in /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386, s o we go there:
cd /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386
T he c ommand
ls -l
s hows you the available pac kages :
[root@server1 i386]# ls -l
total 11604
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3899179 2007-11-13 22:26 postfix-2.4.5-2.fc8.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7907114 2007-11-13 22:26 postfix-debuginfo-2.4.5-2.fc8.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50804 2007-11-13 22:26 postfix-pflogsumm-2.4.5-2.fc8.i386.rpm
[root@server1 i386]#
P ic k the P os tfix pac kage and ins tall it like this :
rpm -ivh postfix-2.4.5-2.fc8.i386.rpm
(I n c as e you have problems c reating the P os tfix rpm pac kage, you c an download mine from here.)
9 of 12 11/30/09 12:06
Start M ySQ L :
chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on

/etc/init.d/mysqld start
T hen s et pas s words for the M ySQ L root ac c ount:
mysqladmin -u root password yourrootsqlpassword

mysqladmin -h server1.example.com -u root password yourrootsqlpassword
N ow we c onfigure phpM yA dmin. We c hange the A pac he c onfiguration s o that phpM yA dmin allows
c onnec tions not jus t from loc alhos t (by c ommenting out the <Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/>
s tanza):
vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf
# phpMyAdmin - Web based MySQL browser written in php

#
# Allows only localhost by default
#
# But allowing phpMyAdmin to anyone other than localhos
# dangerous unless properly secured by SSL
Alias /phpMyAdmin /usr/share/phpMyAdmin

#<Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/>
# order deny,allow
# deny from all
# allow from 127.0.0.1
#</Directory>
# This directory does not require access over HTTP - ta

T hen we c reate the s ys tem s tartup links for A pac he and s tart it:
chkconfig --levels 235 httpd on

/etc/init.d/httpd start
N ow you c an direc t your brows er to http://server1.example.com/phpMyAdmin/ or http://192.168.0.100

/phpMyAdmin/ and log in with the us er name root and your new root M ySQ L pas s word.
10 of 12 11/30/09 12:06
T his page is lic ens ed under a C reative C ommons L ic ens e.
add c omment | view as pdf | print: this | all page(s ) |
V irtual U s ers A nd D omains With P os tfix, C ourier A nd M ySQ L (Fedora C ore 5 )

V irtual U s ers A nd D omains With P os tfix, C ourier A nd M ySQ L (D ebian E tc h)
V irtual U s ers A nd D omains With P os tfix, C ourier A nd M ySQ L (U buntu 6 .1 0 E dgy E ft)
Pleas e do not us e the comment function to as k for help! I f you need help, pleas e us e our forum.
Comments will be publis hed after adminis trator approval.
selinux
Submitted by Slawek (not registered) on Wed, 2008-09-17 09:16.
You don't have to disable selinux !
I found help here:

http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/SELinux
I had problems during configure postfix + mysql + courier-imap

(elements: postfix_virtual_t , courier_authdaemon_t , postfix_smtpd_t)
You do have to analyze logs: /var/log/messages and /var/log/audit/audit.log

You have to make sure, that it isn't file permision problem.
You have to make sure, that it isn't selinux file context problem.
1. after problem occurs check logs:

tail /var/log/messages
and find:
setroubleshoot: SELinux is preventing xxxx (<element>) .... For complete SELinux messages. run sealert -l
<alert_identifier>
e.g. <element> = postfix_virtual_t
2. create selinux policy module:
grep <element> /var/log/audit/audit.log | audit2allow -M <module_name>
e.g.
grep postfix_virtual_t /var/log/audit/audit.log | audit2allow -M postfixvirtual
it creates two files .te (text version of module), .pp (module)
3. display and check .te file
e.g.
cat postfixvirtual.te
4. if it is ok load module:
semodule -i postfixvirtual.pp
5. test if it works, if not go back to step 1 and repeat (I had to do 3 times for every element)
reply | view as pdf
cyrus-sasl missing
Submitted by jpieper (registered user) on Wed, 2008-08-27 19:19.
11 of 12 11/30/09 12:06
I also needed to install cyrus-sasl:
yum -y install cyrus-sasl
It wasn´t installed before and isn´t present in paragraph 3 of this article.
reply | view as pdf
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tweet V ers ion 1 .0

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

Firs t we import the G P G keys for s oftware pac kages :

rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY*

T hen we update our exis ting pac kages on the s ys tem:

N ow we ins tall s ome s oftware that we need later on:

yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'

yum groupinstall 'Development Libraries'

T he las t c ommand will s how s ome warnings that you c an ignore:

warning: user kojibuilder does not exist - using root

N ow we mus t edit the file postfix.spec:

rpmbuild -ba postfix.spec

Y ou will s ee lots of warnings like thes e that you c an ignore:

msg.h:12:1: warning: "/*" within comment

O ur P os tfix rpm pac kage is c reated in /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386, s o we go there:

s hows you the available pac kages :

P ic k the P os tfix pac kage and ins tall it like this :

rpm -ivh postfix-2.4.5-2.fc8.i386.rpm

chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on

T hen s et pas s words for the M ySQ L root ac c ount:

mysqladmin -u root password yourrootsqlpassword

# phpMyAdmin - Web based MySQL browser written in php

Alias /phpMyAdmin /usr/share/phpMyAdmin

# This directory does not require access over HTTP - ta

chkconfig --levels 235 httpd on

N ow you c an direc t your brows er to http://server1.example.com/phpMyAdmin/ or http://192.168.0.100

T his page is lic ens ed under a C reative C ommons L ic ens e.

add c omment | view as pdf | print: this | all page(s ) |

V irtual U s ers A nd D omains With P os tfix, C ourier A nd M ySQ L (Fedora C ore 5 )

You don't have to disable selinux !

I found help here:

I had problems during configure postfix + mysql + courier-imap

You do have to analyze logs: /var/log/messages and /var/log/audit/audit.log

1. after problem occurs check logs:

I also needed to install cyrus-sasl:

yum -y install cyrus-sasl

It wasn´t installed before and isn´t present in paragraph 3 of this article.

reply | view as pdf

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