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An industrial SCADA system will be used for the development of the controls of the four
LHC experiments. This paper describes the SCADA systems in terms of their architecture,
their interface to the process hardware, the functionality and the application development
facilities they provide. Some attention is also paid to the industrial standards to which they
abide, their planned evolution as well as the potential benefits of their use.

Acronym for supervisory control and data acquisition, a computer system for gathering and
analyzing real time data. SCADA systems are used to monitor and control a plant or
equipment in industries such as telecommunications, water and waste control, energy, oil
and gas refining and transportation. A SCADA system gathers information, such as where a
leak on a pipeline has occurred, transfers the information back to a central site, alerting the
home station that the leak has occurred, carrying out necessary analysis and control, such
as determining if the leak is critical, and displaying the information in a logical and organized
fashion. SCADA systems can be relatively simple, such as one that monitors environmental
conditions of a small office building, or incredibly complex, such as a system that monitors
all the activity in a nuclear power plant or the activity of a municipal water system.

SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is an industrial measurement and control
system consisting of a central host or master (usually called a master station, master
terminal unit or MTU); one or more field data gathering and control units or remotes (usually
called remote stations, remote terminal units, or RTU's); and a collection of standard and/or
custom software used to monitor and control remotely located field data elements.
Contemporary SCADA systems exhibit predominantly open-loop control characteristics and
utilize predominantly long distance communications, although some elements of closed-
loop control and/or short distance communications may also be present.

Systems similar to SCADA systems are routinely seen in factories, treatment plants etc.
These are often referred to as Distributed Control Systems (DCS). They have similar
functions to SCADA systems, but the field data gathering or control units are usually located
within a more confined area. Communications may be via a local area network (LAN), and
will normally be reliable and high speed. A DCS system usually employs significant
amounts of closed loop control. SCADA systems on the other hand generally cover larger
geographic areas, and rely on a variety of communications systems that are normally less
reliable than a LAN. Closed loop control in this situation is less desirable.

B.ANITHA(07H61A0409)