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Thesis
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND NUTRIGENOMICS
By
MD FARUQUE AHMAD
(SUPERVISOR) (CO-SUPERVISOR)
I hereby declare that the work entitled “Production and Development of Nutraceutical
from Ganoderma lucidum by Submerge Fermentation Process ” embodied in this
thesis was carried out by me during the academic session 2009-2010. in the Department
of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University
,New Delhi, under supervision of Dr. .Bibhu Prasad Panda (Assistant Professor), Deptt.
of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Dr. Z. R. Azaz Ahmad Azad (Assistant Professor),
Deptt. of Food Technology .The content and source of information have been derived
from the existing literature and have been cited throughout the thesis at the appropriate
places.
It is further stated that no part of this dissertation has been submitted, either in part or
full for any other degree of Jamia Hamdard or any other University/ Institution.
Date:
It gives me immense and fathomless pleasure to place on record my profound sense of appreciation
and indebtedness to my supervisor Dr. Bibhu Prasad Panda, Assistant Professor, Department of
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology who provided much needed constructive criticism, unending inspiration,
valuable and pains taking guidance, encouragement, untiring and constant help and above all her
positive attitude towards my abilities made the achievements of this goal, a challenging, enjoyable,
rewarding and stimulating experience.
I am grateful to the man with the mission who left us mourning forever (Late) Hkm. Abdul
Hameed Sb., a great visionary and founder of Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, whose personality can
never vanish till we exist for providing us a congenital atmosphere and the necessary infrastructure.
I could not have brought my work to a super-finish without the timely and precious guidance
extended to me by the staff of CIF, INSDOC, NML Library, and my faculty staff Mr, Naseem
and Waseem my heartfelt thanks to all of them.
My heartfelt thanks to my elder brother Mr.Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad who not only
encouraging me but gives me direction ,spirit and passion to do excellent honest work in every
moment of life, I can’t forget it till my death.
A very special thanks to Mr.Ejaz,and Mr.Ynus and Mr.Rizwan his co-operation during my
work and encouraged me to do the best.
I don’t have words to express my emotional feelings towards my parents, Sisters and brothers
.Mr.Wasi, and Mr.Quamar and my niece and nephew Laiba,Shaqlain,Qousain, who showed their love
and affection on me, even though living miles apart from me and without whose blessing the aim could
never be achieved.
Lastly, I would like to thanks all those who in whatever degree contributed their bit in the
completion of this thesis
(Md Faruque Ahmad)
Contents
Page No.
Preface
Acknowledgement
Abbereviation
List of tables
List of figures
1.1 Mushroom 1
1.3 Nutraceutical 3
1.4. Effectiveness and Safety 6
1.5.1 Nutraceutical from Mushroom 7
1.5.2 Nutraceutical from Ganoderma 7
1.5.2 Nutraceutical from Ganoderma lucidum 8
1.6. Objective 10
2.1 Fermentation 11
2.2.1 Production of Ganoderic Acids 12
2.2.2 Analysis of Ganoderic Acids 17
2.2.3. Pharmacological Activity of Ganoderma lucidum 19
2.3 Nutraceuticals or Medicines 22
2.4 Ganoderma lucidum 30
2.5 Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum 32
2.6 Phytochemicals 33
2.7 Medicinal Effects of Ganoderma lucidum 36
2.8. Safety in the Different Age 38
2.9. Comparative Medicinal Value of Ganoderma lucidum 40
and Other Mushrooms
3.1 Microorganism 41
3.2 Equipments 41
3.3 Chemicals 42
3.4 Preparation of Sub Culture 43
3.5 Preparation of Seed Culture 43
3.6 Developmen of Elicitor 43
3.7 Optimization of Nutrients 44
3.8 Data Analysis of Plackett-Burman Design 46
3.9 Response Surface Methodology 47
3.10 Submerged Fermentation 50
3.11 Quantification of Biomass 51
3.12 Extraction of Ganoderic acid 51
3.13 Estimation of Ganoderic Acid 51
3.14 Extraction of Ganoderic Acids from Mycelium 51
Powder of Ganoderma lucidum
3.15 Estimation of Ganoderic Acids 52
5. Conclusion 89
6. Future Prospect 90-91
7. Bibliography 92-100
Appendices 101-111
List of Tables
the form of ‘Nutraceuticals’. This field has tremendous potential for research; important
In 1964 Jackson S. Foster once said, “Never underestimate the power of the
through fermentation processes. This gives greater emphasis on medium designing for
fermentation processes.
In the present study attempt has been made for optimization of nutrient medium
fermentation. According to my knowledge this study has been carried out first time, no
Chapter 2 Literature Review, Chapter 3 Materials and Methods, Chapter 4 Results, and
All the obtained results and things required for repetition of work have been duly
reported.
MD FARUQUE AHMAD