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INTRODUCTION
Technology has till date be able to use our sense of site and sound quite succes
sfully in bringing virtual reality and nearer to reality. Consequently you have
realistic-looking games, and graphic cards that are capable of rendering them; m
ice that let you experience the terrain you are traversing, whether in an applic
ation, on the internet, or on a CD-ROM; and sound and music, thanks to MP3 and t
he like, which bring alive your experience in the virtual world. Virtual reality
has, since the onset several decades ago, been dominated by visual stimuli, wit
h tactile and auditory information research and added to the sense in the latter
years.
Olfactory information has been mainly ignored as input to the virtual environmen
t participant, in spite of the fact that olfactory receptors provide such a rich
source of information to the human. To enhance this virtual experience, technol
ogy now targets on nose and tongue for the experience of smell and taste. That i
s, you will soon the able to smell and taste the virtual world's offerings, and
not just see or hear them.
Now with the digital scent technology we are able to sense, transmit and receive
a smell-trough the internet, smell a perfume online before buying them, check t
o see if food you are buying is fresh, smell burning rubber in your favorite rac
ing game, or sent scented e-cards from scent enable websites. As this technology
gains mass appeal , there is no stopping it from entering into all areas of vir
tual world. Imagine being able to smell things using a device that connects to y
our computer. Digital scent technologies is making this a reality.
There is a complete software and hardware solution for scenting digital media an
d user. It includes a personal scent synthesize for reproducing and electronic n
ose for the detection of the smell. These two peripheral components connected to
the computer and the communication network for the transmission of the digitize
d smell data does comprise the digital scent technology and communication.
Digital scent technology digitizes the scent by digitizing the scent along two p
arameters the chemical make and its place in scent spectrum then digitized into
a small file which can be transmitted to the internet attached to the enhanced w
eb content. Then with the help of digital synthesizer connected to the computer
the transmitter scent can be reproduce from the palette of primary odors followi
ng the guidelines of the digital file.
Digital scent technologies find its wide range of applications in scentertinment
-movies, music and games, in communication which includes websites which is enha
nced with scent. It also has its relevance in E-commerce which will make online-
shopping compelling and fun. This technology also helps in advertising fields in
making the advertisement more memorable and engaging. Many companies working in
the field of digital scent technologies are developing a new technology for ide
ntifying dementing brain disorders, including Alzheimer's, Hunting tone's, and p
arkingson's and for differentiating them from other mental disorders. This metho
d is based on detecting the olfactory deficits that are diagnostic of the demina
ting diseases.

Physiological Aspects Of Smell

Olfaction is defined as the act of smelling, where as to smell is to receive the
scent of something by means of the olfactory nerves. Odorants are substances wh
o characteristics can be determined by chemical analysis. A person's olfactory s
ystem operates in a fashion similar to other sensing processes in the body. Air
bone molecules of volatile substances come in contact with membranes of receptor
sells located in the upper part of the nostrils. The olfactory epithelium, the
smell organ covers a 4-10 cm^2 area and consists of 6-10 million olfactory hairs
, cilia, that detect different smells of compounds. Excited receptors send pulse
s to the olfactory bulbs, a part of cortex with a pattern of receptors activity
indicating a particular scent.
Because the airways are bent and thus the airflow past the receptors normally is
low, we sniff something to get a better sensation. In addition to the cilia, th
e fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal)has free nerve endings distributed through out
the nasal cavity. These nerve endings serve as a chemoreceptor and react to irr
itating and burning sensations. The trigeminal nerve connects to different regio
n of the brain and provides the pathway for initiation of protective reflexes su
ch as sneezing and interruption of inhalation. If the concentration is high enou
gh both the olfactory and trigeminal sensors will be triggered by most odorants.