1.

The observations recorded during the trial of a single cylinder, 4 stroke, Diesel engine are
given below:
Bore………350mm, Stroke………450mm, R.P.M…………..400, Area of indicator
diagram…………472mm2, Length of indicator diagram…………62mm, Spring
constant………….0.59bar/mm, Load on hydraulic dynamometer…………970N,Dynamometer
constant………..7500, Fuel used………………10.78kg/hr, Calorific value of
fuel…………50000kJ/kg, Cooling water circulated……………24litres/min, Rise in temperature of
cooling water………24oC, The mass analysis of fuel is Carbon…………85%, Hydrogen…………14%,
Incombustibles……….1%,
The volume analysis of exhaust gases is:
Carbon dioxide……….8%, Oxygen…………11%, Nitrogen………..81%, Temperature of exhaust
gases……….380oC, Specific heat of exhaust gases……….1.05kJ/kgoC, Ambient
temperature……..20oC, Partial pressure of steam in exhaust gases…..0.030bar. Specific heat
of superheated steam……..2.1kJ/kgoC. Draw up heat balance sheet on minute basis.
2. What is meant by negative loop in a indicator diagram? During the trial on a single cylinder
oil engine having cylinder diameter 30cm, stroke 45cm and working on the four stroke cycle,
following observations were made. Duration of trial : 60minutes.
Total fuel oil used………….9.6litres, Calorific value of oil……….55000kJ/kg, Total number of
revolutions………….12624, Gross indicated mean effective pressure………….7.24bar, Pumping
i.m.e.p………….0.34bar, Net load on brake………...3150N, Diameter of brake wheel
drum………1.78metres, Diameter of rope…………4cm, Cooling water………..545litres, Cooking
water temperature rise…………….25oC, Specific gravity of oil…………0.8. Determine mechanical
efficiency and draw up the heat balance sheet on one minute basis.
3. The following data refers to a test on a single-cylinder four-stroke oil engine:
Cylinder bore………..220mm, stroke…………360mm, Indicator diagram: area……….3.06cm2,
length………7.5cm, spring stiffness…………. 14kgf/cm2/cm, Speed…………..300rev/min, Brake-
load……..45kgf at 0.9m radius, Fuel consumption…………….. 3.8kg/hr, Calorific value of
fuel……….10,300kcal/kg, Cooling water flow…………from 20oCto 68oC.
Determine: (a) the mechanical efficiency; (b) the indicated thermal efficiency; and (c) the
heat balance sheet expressed as kcal/min and as percentage of the heat supplied to the
engine. Explain why the friction hp has been included in or omitted from your heat balance.
4. A test on a single-cylinder four-stroke oil engine, having bore 175mm and stroke 350mm
yielded the following results: Speed 285 rev/min; brake torque 34kuf-m; indicated mep
7.2kgf/cm2; oil consumption 3.1kg/h; cooling water flow 4.2kg/h; cooling water temperature
rise 30oC; air-fuel ratio by mass 25:1: exhaust temperature 4120oC; barometric pressure
1.03kgf/cm2; room temperature 21oC.
The fuel has a calorific value of 10,000 kcal/kg and contains 15 percent by mass of hydrogen.
Determine: (a) the indicated thermal efficiency; and (b) the volumetric efficiency based on
atmospheric conditions. Draw up a heat balance in terms of kcal/min explaining clearly the
contents of each term. Take R for super heated steam 0.49 kcal/kg K.

PART-B (M12+M22 Batches)

1. (a) Steam is supplied; at 40 bar and 350 0 C to a turbine and the condenser pressure is 0.035
bar. If the plant operates on the Rankine cycle, calculate, perkilogram of steam:
(i) The work output neglecting the feed-pump work;
 (ii) The work required for the feed pump;
(iii) The heat transferred to the condenser cooling water, and the amount of cooling
water required through the condenser if the temperature rise of the water is assumed
to be 5.5K;
(iv) The heat supplied;
(v) The Rankine efficiency;
(vi)The specific steam consumption (1125 KJ, 4kj,1857kj,80.7kg,2978kj,37.6%, 3.21kg/kWh)

2. Steam is supplied to a two-stage turbine at 40 bar and 350oC.It expands in the first turbine
until it is just dry saturated, then it is re-heated to 350oC and expanded through the second-
stage turbine. The condenser pressure is 0.035 bar. The isentropic efficiencies are 84% and
78% respectively in the first stage and the second stage expansion, calculate the work
output and the heat supplied per kilogram of steam for the plant, assuming ideal processes
and neglecting the feed-pump term. Calculate also the cycle efficiency, the specific
steam consumption and wetness of the steam leaving the
turbine.(1028kj,331kj,31.1%,3.5kg/kWh)

3. In a nuclear power plant saturated steam at 30 bar enters a h.p. turbine and expands
isentrophically to a pressure at which its quality is 0.841. At this pressure the steam is
passed through a moisture superator which removes all the liquid. Saturated vapour leaves
the superator and is expanded isentrophically to 0.04 bar in i.p. turbine, while the saturated
liquid leaving the superator is returned via a feed pump to the boiler the condensate
leaving the condenser at 0.04 bar is also returned to the boiler via a second feed pump.
Calculate the cycle efficiency and turbine outlet quality taking in to account the feed pump
term. Recalculate the same quantities for a cycle with the same boiler and condenser
preasures but without moisture seperation.
(35.5%,0.824;35%;0.716.

4. In a regenerative steam cycle employing three closed feed heaters the steam is supplied to
the turbine at 42 bar and 500oC and is exhausted to the condenser at 0.035 bar. The bleed
steam for feed heating is taken at pressures of 15, 4 and 0.5 bar. Assuming ideal processes
and neglecting pump work, calculate:
(i) the fraction of the boiler steam bled at each stage;
(ii) the power output of the plant per unit mass flow rate of boiler steam;
(iii) the cycle efficiency. (.0952,.0969,0.0902; , 1133.6Kw per kg/s;43.6%)

5. In modern steam power plants it is common practice to use supercritical pressures in the
boiler. Consider an ideal cycle with steam leaving the boiler at 40 MPa and 800oC. Five
closed feedwater haters are employed with extractions at 8.0 MPa, 1.5 MPa, 800kPa, and
100 kPa. Discharge from the turbine is at 8 kPa. Assume an isentropic turbine and the
condensate from the last heater is pumped to the boiler. Calculated the thermal efficiency
of the cycle. What power output maybe obtained with a flow rate of 500 000 kg/h?