Jalgaon 15-1-2011

3.
1 Relationship between awareness of Government policies among women
entrepreneurs and Education level of women entrepreneurs.
In Jalgaon district, talukas selected as a specimen sample fall in D and D+ zone.
The D,D+ zones are less entrepreneurial zones, the decided sample size for collection of
primary data from women entrepreneurs for the region was 100 but, the actual response
for the question showing relationship between awareness of government policies and
education level were 91. Hence, the N is 91 for chi-square test.
The respondents were asked about the awareness of government policies and
educational background. The choices for awareness about the government policies
included in the question were as follows,
• Aware of the government policies, or
• Not aware of the government policies.
The types of educational levels included in the question were as follows,
• Below SSC
• SSC
• Graduate
• Post Graduate
• Above post graduates
3.1.1 Frequency Distribution analysis

Following is the frequency distribution analysis prepared using the data collected
from the respondents.
Education
Are you
aware of Above
Government Below Post- Post-
Policies? SSC SSC Graduate graduation graduation Total
Yes 25 1 36 14 2 78
No 5 0 5 3 0 13
Total 30 1 41 17 2 91
Women entrepreneur responses saying ‘YES’ about awareness of the government
policies are 85.71% (78 out of 91 respondents) and saying ‘NO’ about awareness of the
government policies are 14.30% (13 out of 91 respondents). All above Post graduate
respondents are aware of policies and, and so is the case with SSC also.
Here 39.56% (36 out of 91 respondents) of graduates are aware of government
policies. Not far behind graduates are below SSC with 27.47% (25 out of 91 respondents)
awareness of policies. Below SSC are followed by post graduates with 15.38% (14 out of
91 respondents) aware of government policies.
Talking about the unawareness of government policies among women
entrepreneurs a total of 14.3% (13 out of 91 respondents) of them are unaware.
Unawareness is high among below SSC and graduates which is 5.49% (5 out of 91
respondents) each. And they are closely followed by post graduates with 3.29% (3 out of
91 respondents).
Lastly there is complete awareness of government policies among SSC and above
post graduates. The Bottom-line is that spread/awareness of government policies are
more than 50% which can still be improved and made more reachable.
3.1.2 Chi square
Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square .942(a) 4 0.918

No. of Valid Cases 91
In chi square analysis 6 cells (60.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .14.
3.1.3 Hypothesis testing
Hypothesis-1: lower educated women entrepreneurs are not aware of government
policies.
• The correlation is not significant because chi square value is 0.942 and p= 0.918.
• Here calculated value of chi square at 0.918 significance level is .942.
The calculated chi square is having significance level that is close to 0.9.
Therefore, χ2 calculated > 0.05.
The chi-square critical value i.e., χ2 table is P=0.05 and calculated value is
significant if P<= 0.05.
Since, χ2 calculated > 0.05, Hypothesis-1: lower educated women entrepreneurs are
not aware of government policies is accepted.
3.1.4 Conclusion
The frequency distribution analysis and chi-square test, both, explains that there is
strong and direct relationship between two variables namely awareness of government
policies and education.
The hypothesis testing using chi-square test accepts the contention that lower
educated women entrepreneurs are not aware of government policies.
3.2 The relationship between ‘women entrepreneurs availing Government policies’
and ‘Education level of those women entrepreneurs’
for the question showing relationship between availing of government policies and
education level were 45. Hence, the N is 45 for chi-square test.

The respondents were asked about availing government policies and educational
background. The choices for availing of the government policies, included in the question
were as follows,
• Availing government policies, or
• Not availing government policies.
The types of educational levels included in the question were as follows
• Below SSC
• SSC
• Graduate
• Post Graduate
Education
If aware, Above
are you Post- Post-
availing Below Graduat graduatio graduatio
them? SSC SSC e n n Total
Yes 13 1 15 6 2 37
No 2 0 3 3 0 8
Total 15 1 18 9 2 45
A total of 82.22% (37 out of 45 respondents) are availing government policies.
Among those who avail policies, 33.33% (15 out of 45 respondents) of graduates are
availing government policies and among below SSC it is 28.88% (13 out of 45
respondents) while SSC is at the bottom and has only 2.22% (1 out of 45 respondents).
Those who are aware but still not using government policies form only 17.8% (8
out of 45 respondents).Among them post graduates and graduates were the ones who
were not very much interested in availing government policies and hence there
percentage stood at 6.66% (3 out of 45 respondents) each. While the below SSC group
has 4.44% (2 out of 45 respondents) not availing policies. And those all the respondents
belonging to the SSC and post graduation are availing government policies.
In a nutshell it can be said those who are aware of government policies are
availing them while those who are not, lag behind. As in earlier case it can be seen that
graduates and below SSC were the groups which had maximum awareness of
government policies and in this particular case it is clear that these both groups are
leading as far as availing of the policies are concerned.
3.2.2 Chi square
Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 2.356(a) 4 0.671

Hypothesis-1: Lower educated women entrepreneurs avail only known government
policies.
• Here calculated value of chi square at 0.671 significance level is 2.356.
Since, χ2 calculated > 0.05, Hypothesis-1: Lower educated women entrepreneurs

avail only known government policies is accepted.
3.2.4 Conclusion
strong and direct relationship between two variables, availing of known government
policies and education.
The hypothesis testing using chi-square test accepts the contention that Lower
educated women entrepreneurs avail only known government policies.

3.3 The relationship between the women entrepreneurs ‘implementing different
government policies’ meant for them and ‘Education levels of those women
entrepreneurs’
for the question showing relationship between implementation of government policies
known to women entrepreneurs and education level of women entrepreneurs were 91.
Hence, the N is 91 for chi-square test.
The respondents were asked about implementation of government policies and
educational background of women entrepreneurs. The choices for implementation of the
government policies, included in the question were as follows,
• Implementing government policies, or
• Not implementing government policies
• Below SSC
• SSC
• Graduate
• Post Graduate
3.3.1Frequency Distribution analysis
Following is the frequency distribution analysis prepared using the data collected from
the respondents.
If aware Education
do you
implement Above
govt. Below Post- Post-
policies SSC SSC Graduate graduation graduation Total
Yes 23 1 31 12 2 69
No 7 0 10 5 0 22
Total 30 1 41 17 2 91
A total of 75.8% (69 out of 91 respondents) are implementing government
policies in their ventures. All SSC and above post graduates respondents are
implementing government policies and hence showing cent percent results.
As far as implementation of government policies are concerned graduates are
more in numbers i.e, 34.06% (31 respondents out of 91), and are followed by below SSC
with 25.27% (23 out of 91 respondents). While among post graduates 13.18% (12 out of
91 respondents) implemented government policies.

On the other hand those who do not implement government policies form 24.2%
(22 out of 91) respondents. Graduates here too lead the pack with 10.98% (10 out of 91
respondents) of them not implementing government policies. In case of below SSC it is
7.69% (7 out of 91 respondents) and SSC and above post graduates it is 0% (0 out of 91
respondents).
Those who are aware of government policies and avail them are the ones who
implement them. Therefore graduates and below SSC were the two groups having more
number of respondents being aware of government policies and also availing them, and
hence they are the ones who are leading as far as implementation of government policies
are concerned.
3.3.2 Chi Square
Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)

In chi square analysis 5 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .24
Hypothesis-1: lower educated women entrepreneurs implement only known government
policies.
• The correlation is not significant because chi square value is 1.223and p= 0.874.
Therefore, χ2 calculated > 0.05
The chi-square critical value i.e., χ2table is P=0.05 and calculated value is
Since, χ2 calculated > 0.05, Hypothesis-1: lower educated women entrepreneurs

implement only known government policies is accepted.
3.3.4 Conclusion
strong and direct relationship between two variables namely education and
implementation of government policies they are aware of.
educated women entrepreneurs implement only known government policies.
3.4 To identify the relationship between ‘opinions of women entrepreneurs
regarding government policies’ and ‘Educational background of those
entrepreneurs’.
In Jalgaon district talukas, selected as a specimen sample fall in D and D+ zone.
for the question showing relationship between opinions of women entrepreneurs and
education level of women entrepreneur were 82. Hence, the N is 82 for chi-square test.
The respondents were asked about their opinion about government policies and
educational background of women entrepreneurs. The choices for the opinion about the
• The policies are useful, or
• The policies are not useful, or
• The policies are tedious.
• Below SSC
• SSC
• Graduate
• Post Graduate
• Above post graduate
Are these Education Total

policies
really
useful,
helpful or Above
problemat Post- Post-
ic or Below Graduat graduatio graduatio
tedious? SSC SSC e n n
Not Useful 0 0 2 0 0 2
Useful 13 1 17 3 0 34
Tedious 14 0 19 11 2 46
Total 27 1 38 14 2 82
The frequency of women entrepreneur respondents terming the policies as not
useful are 2.4% (2 out of 82 respondents) and this 2.4% include only graduates.
Next, 41.46% (34 out of 82 respondents) of total respondents view government
policies as useful wherein, 20.37% (17 out of 82 respondents) of graduates feel policies
are useful, and the same opinion is shared by 15.85% (13 out of 82 respondents).These
groups are also supported by 3.65% (3 out of 82 respondents) of post graduates and
1.21% (1 out of 82 respondents) of SSC respondents. While 0% (0 out of 82 respondents)
of above post graduates see policies as useful.
On the flip side, 56.09% (46 out of 82 respondents) of the respondents see
government policies as tedious, wherein 23.17% (19 out of 82 respondents) of graduates
view government policies as tedious. Similar is the view of 17.07% (14 out of 82
respondents) of below SSC and 13.41% (11 out of 82 respondents) of post graduates.
While none of the SSC feel policies are tedious.
In totality it can be said that more than 50% of the respondents feel government
policies are tedious. Among those who feel government policies are tedious, graduates
and below SSC respondents are more, this might be because they are the two groups
which had high frequency as far as availing and implementation of the policies were
concerned. As those who implement can only understand the difficulties related to it.
3.4.2 Chi Square
Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)

Hypothesis-1: Lower educated women entrepreneurs are of the opinion that government
policies they know are not useful, useless or tedious.
The chi-square critical value i.e., χ2table is P=0.05 and calculated value is
Since, χ2 calculated > 0.05, Hypothesis-1: Lower educated women entrepreneurs are
of the opinion that government policies they know are not useful, useless or tedious is
accepted.
3.4.4 Conclusion
strong and direct relationship between two variables namely education and usefulness,
uselessness or tediousness of government policies that women entrepreneurs know.
educated women entrepreneurs are of the opinion that government policies they know are
not useful, useless or tedious.
3.5 Relationship between the ‘women entrepreneurs who feel government policies
help in expansion’ and ‘Education levels of those women entrepreneurs’
The D, D+ zones are less entrepreneurial zones, the decided sample size for collection of
for the question showing relationship between the feeling that government policies help
in expansion and education level were 76. Hence, the N is 76 for chi-square test.
The respondents were asked about opinion about government policies and
educational background of women entrepreneurs. The choices for the opinion about the
• The government policies support in expansion,

• The government policies somewhat support in expansion, or
• The government policies do not support in expansion
• Below SSC
• SSC
• Graduate
• Post Graduate
• Above post graduate
Education
How do you
think Govt. Post- Above
policies help in Below Graduat graduatio Post-
expansion? SSC SSC e n graduation Total
Supportive 11 1 18 6 1 37
Somewhat
Supportive 13 0 13 6 0 32
Not Supportive 1 0 5 1 0 7
Total 25 1 36 13 1 76
The total number of respondents terming the policies as supportive are 48.68%
(37 out of 76 respondents).They include 23.68% (18 out of 76 respondents) of graduates,
14.47% (11 out of 76 respondents) of below SSC, 7.89% (6 out of 76 respondents) of
post graduates and 1.31% (1 out of 76 respondents) of above post graduates and SSC
each.
While those respondents who are of the view that government policies are
somewhat supportive form 42.10% (32 out of 76 respondents) of the total respondents.
They include 17.10% (13 out of 76 respondents) of below SSC and graduates each. And
7.89% (6 out of 76 respondents) of post graduates. But none of the SSC and above post
graduates feel the same.
Next, 9.21% (7 out of 76 respondents) of total respondents feel government
policies are not supportive. Here 6.57% (5 out of 76 respondents) of graduates see
policies as not supportive for expansion while only 1.31% (1 out of 76 respondents) of
below SSC and post graduates feel the same.
The overall consensus formed is that policies are either fully or partly supportive.
Again most of the below SSC and graduates seemed to be the ones who view policies as
supportive.
3.5.2 Chi Square
Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)

Hypothesis-1: Lower educated women entrepreneurs think that government policies help
in expansion of business.
Since, χ2 calculated > 0.05, Hypothesis-1: Lower educated women entrepreneurs

think that government policies help in expansion of business is accepted.
3.5.4 Conclusion
strong and direct relationship between two variables namely education and thinking that
government policies help in expansion
educated women entrepreneurs think that government policies help in expansion of
business.
3.6 The relationship between the number of ‘Women entrepreneurs wanting a
change or reformation in government policies’ and ‘Education levels of those
women entrepreneurs’
for the question showing relationship between opinions of women entrepreneurs wanting
a change or reformation and education level of women entrepreneur were 82. Hence, the
N is 82 for chi-square test.
The respondents were asked about their opinion regarding government policies as
to whether they need a change or not and educational background of women
entrepreneurs. The choices for the opinion about the government policies, included in the
question were as follows,
• Respondents wanting change/ reformation in government policies, or
• Respondents not wanting change/ reformation in government policies
The types of educational level included in question were as follows,

• Below SSC
• SSC
• Graduate
• Post Graduate
from the respondents
Do you want Education

any changes or Above
reformation of Below Graduat Post- Post-
the Policies? SSC SSC e graduation graduation Total
Yes 11 1 22 9 2 45
No 16 0 16 5 0 37
Total 27 1 38 14 2 82
Women entrepreneur responses saying YES about changes in policies account for
almost 54.87% (45 out of 82 respondents) and those saying NO to such changes in
policies are 45.12% (37 out of 82 respondents). Among graduates 26.82% (22 out of 82
respondents) were in favour of changes in policies.
Also 13.41% (11 out of 82 respondents) of below SSC supported the idea of
changes in government policies. While only 1.21% (1 out of 82 respondents) of SSC
supported the idea which is also the least frequency.

Coming to those respondents not wanting changes are 19.51% (16 out of 82
respondents) of below SSC and graduates. They are followed by 6.09% (5 out of 82
respondents) of post graduates. While 0% (0 out of 82 respondents) of SSC and above
post graduates feel there is no change required in government policies.
In all, the difference between those who want change and those who don’t want is
not large, though the majority supports reformation in policies. The possible reasons why
almost 26% graduates want change, may be because they are more in numbers when
implementation of government policies are considered, and therefore they might have
felt need for some alteration in policies, while they were implementing them.
3.6.2 Chi square
Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)

Hypothesis-1: lower educated women entrepreneurs think that reforms in government
policies are not required.

Since, χ2 calculated > 0.05, Hypothesis-1: lower educated women entrepreneurs think
that reforms in government policies are not required is accepted.
3.6.4 Conclusion
strong and direct relationship between two variables namely education and expecting
reforms in government policies.
educated women entrepreneurs think that reforms in government policies are not
required.
3.7 The relationship between ‘awareness of government policies’ and ‘business
turnover’.
for the question showing relationship between awareness of government policies and
business turnover were 94. Hence, the N is 94 for chi-square test.
The respondents were asked about the awareness of government policies and
business turnover. The choices for awareness about the government policies included in
the question were as follows,
• Aware of the government policies, or
• Not aware of the government policies.
The business turnover levels included in the question were as follows -
• Below 25 lakhs
• Below 5 crores
• Above 5 crores
Are you aware Annual Turnover in Rs.

of
Government Below 25 Below 5 Above 5
Policies? Lakhs Crores Crores Total
Yes 55 25 1 81
No 11 2 0 13
Total 66 27 1 94
Women entrepreneur responses saying ‘YES’ about awareness of the government
policies are 87.09% (81 out of 94 respondents) and saying ‘NO’ about awareness of the
government policies are 13.82% (13 out of 94 respondents). In the below 25 lakhs
bracket a total of 70.21% (66 out of 94 respondents) were interviewed, among them
58.51% (55 out of 94 respondents) of respondents have awareness of policies and 11.70%
(11 out of 94 respondents) are not aware of government policies.
Coming to the next group that is of below 5 crores it forms 28.72% (27 out of 94
respondents) of total respondents. Here 26.59% (25 out of 94 respondents) are aware of
government policies, and 2.12% (2 out of 94 respondents) of them are unaware of the
policies.
In case of the last group that is of above 5 crores it forms 1.06% (1 out of 94
respondents) of total respondents. And all the respondents in this group are aware of
government policies.
3.7.2 Chi square
Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 1.541 (a) 2 0.463

In chi square analysis 3 cells
(50.0%) have expected count less
than 5. The minimum expected count is .14

Hypothesis-1: A Business enterprise of women entrepreneurs with Lower Annual
Turnover has less awareness of government policies.
• The correlation is not significant because chi-square value is 1.541 and P=0.463
• Here, the calculated value of chi-square at 0.463 significance level is 1.541.
Since, χ2 calculated > 0.05, Hypothesis-1: Business enterprises of women

entrepreneurs with Lower Annual Turnover has less awareness of government policies is
accepted.
3.7.4 Conclusion
strong and direct relationship between two variables namely annual turnover and
awareness of government policies.
The hypothesis testing using chi-square test accepts the contention that a Business
enterprise of women entrepreneurs with Lower Annual Turnover has less awareness of
3.8 The relationship between ‘women entrepreneurs availing Government policies’
and their ‘business turnover’.
for the question showing relationship between availing of government policies and
business turnover were 47. Hence, the N is 47 for chi-square test.
The respondents were asked about availing government policies and business
turnover. The choices for availing of the government policies, included in the question
were as follows,
• Availing government policies, or
• Not availing government policies
• Below 25 lakhs
• Below 5 crores
• Above 5 crores
If aware, are Annual Turnover in Rs.

you availing Below 25 Below 5 Above 5
them? Lakh Crores Crores Total
Yes 23 14 1 38
No 9 0 0 9
Total 32 14 1 47
Women entrepreneur responses saying ‘YES’ about availing of the government
policies are 80.85% (38 out of 47 respondents) and saying ‘NO’ to availing of the
government policies are 19.14% (9 out of 47 respondents).

In the below 25 lakhs bracket a total of 68.08% (32 out of 47 respondents) were
interviewed, among them 48.93% (23 out of 47 respondents) of respondents have availed
government policies and 19.14% (9 out of 47 respondents) have not availed policies.
respondents) of total respondents. Here all of the respondents have availed government
policies.
respondents) of total respondents. And all the respondents in this group have availed
3.8.2 Chi square
Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 5.218 (a) 2 .074

(50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .19.
Hypothesis-1: Business enterprises of women entrepreneurs with Lower Annual
Turnover does not avail the known government policies.
• The correlation is not significant because chi-square value is 5.218 and P=.074

entrepreneurs with Lower Annual Turnover does not avail the known government
policies is accepted.
3.8.4 Conclusion
strong and direct relationship between two variables namely annual turnover and availing
government policies they aware of.
The hypothesis testing using chi-square test accepts the contention that Business
enterprises of women entrepreneurs with Lower Annual Turnover does not avail the
known government policies.

3.9 The relationship between the women entrepreneurs ‘implementing different
government policies’ meant for them and their ‘business turnover’.
for the question showing relationship between implementation of government policies
known to women entrepreneurs and business turnover of women entrepreneurs were 94.
Hence, the N is 94 for chi-square test.
The respondents were asked about implementation of government policies and
annual turnover of women entrepreneurs. The choices for implementation of the
• Implementing government policies, or
• Not implementing government policies
The business turnover levels included in the question were as follows,
• Below 25 lakhs
• Below 5 crores
• Above 5 crores
If aware, do you Annual Turnover in Rs. Total

implement the
Government Below Below 5 Above 5
Policies? 25 Lakh Crores Crores
Yes 47 25 1 73
No 19 2 0 21
Total 66 27 1 94
Women entrepreneur responses saying ‘YES’ about implementing government
policies are 77.65% (73 out of 94 respondents) and saying ‘NO’ about implementation of
the government policies are 22.34% (21 out of 94 respondents).
interviewed, among them 50.0% (47 out of 94 respondents) of respondents are
implementing policies and 20.21% (19 out of 94 respondents) are not implementing
respondents) of total respondents. Here 26.59% (25 out of 94 respondents) are
implementing policies while 2.12% (2 out of 94 respondents) of the respondents are not
implementing government policies.
In case of the last group that is of above 5 crores it forms1.06% (1 out of 94
respondents) of total respondents. And all the respondents in this group are implementing
Those who are aware of government policies and avail them, are the ones who
implement them. It can be seen that, below 25 lakhs and below 5 crores, which were the
two groups having more number of respondents, being aware of government policies and
also availing them, and therefore, they are the ones who are leading as far as
implementation of government policies are concerned.
3.9.2 Chi square
Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)

Turnover denotes non implementation of known government policies.
• The correlation is not significant because chi-square value is 5.339 and P=0.069
entrepreneurs with Lower Annual Turnover denote non implementation of known
government policies is accepted.
3.9.4 Conclusion
strong and direct relationship between two variables namely annual turnover and
implementation of government policies they aware of.
The hypothesis testing using chi-square test accepts the contention that a Business
enterprise of women entrepreneurs with Lower Annual Turnover denotes non
implementation of known government policies.
3.10 To identify the relationship between ‘opinions of women entrepreneurs
regarding government policies’ and their ‘business turnover’.
primary data from women entrepreneurs was 100 but, the actual available sample for the
relationship between busines turnover and usefulness, uselessness or tediousness of
government policies they aware of were 85 hence the N is 85 for chi-square test.
The respondents were asked about their opinion about government policies and
business turnover of women entrepreneurs. The choices for the opinion about the
• The policies are useful, or
• The policies are not useful, or
• The policies are tedious.
• Below 25 lakhs
• Below 5 crores
• Above 5 crores
3.10.1 Frequency Distribution Analysis
Are these Annual Turnover in Rs.

policies really
useful, helpful
or problematic Below 25 Below 5 Above 5
or tedious? Lakh Crores Crores Total
Not Useful 2 0 0 2
Useful 30 3 0 33
Tedious 26 23 1 50
Total 58 26 1 85
The frequency of women entrepreneur respondents terming the policies as not
useful are 2.35% (2 out of 85 respondents) of total respondents, and the entire 2.35%
belongs to the first group that is of below 25 lakhs. While 0% (0 out of 85 respondents)
of below 5 crores and above 5 crores group feel the policies are not useful.
Speaking of those who feel policies are useful, 38.82% (33 out of 85 respondents)
of the total respondents feel policies are useful. And the highest frequency belongs to
below 25 lakhs group which is 35.29% (30 out of 85 respondents), and second slot is for
below 5 crores in which 3.52% (3 out of 85 respondents) feel the same. While 0% (0 out
of 85 respondents) of above 5 crores group feel policies are useful.
Next, is of those who feel policies are tedious and 58.82% (50 out of 85
respondents) of the total respondents are of this view. In this highest frequency is of
30.58% (26 out of 85 respondents) of below 25 lakhs. They are followed by 27.05% (23
out of 85 respondents) of below 5 crores group. To the last is 1.17% (1 out of 85
respondents) of above 5 crores group.
In totality it can be said that more than 50% of the respondents feel government
policies are tedious. Among those who feel government policies are tedious, below 25
lakhs and below 5 crores are the two prominent groups, this might be because they are
the two groups which had high frequency as far as availing and implementation of the
policies were concerned. As those who implement can only understand the difficulties
related to it.
3.10.2 Chi square

Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)


Turnover denotes that government policies which women entrepreneurs know are useful.
• The correlation is significant because chi-square value is 14.894 and P=0.005
• Here, the calculated value of chi-square at .005 significance level is 14.894.
Therefore, χ2 calculated < 0.05.
Since, χ2 calculated < 0.05, Hypothesis-1: Business enterprises of women

entrepreneurs with Lower Annual Turnover denotes that government policies which
women entrepreneurs know are useful is rejected.
3.10.4 Conclusion
no strong and direct relationship between two variables namely annual turnover and
usefulness, uselessness or tediousness of government policies they aware of.
The hypothesis testing using chi-square test rejects the contention that Business
enterprises of women entrepreneurs with Lower Annual Turnover denotes that
government policies which women entrepreneurs know are useful.
3.11 Relationship between the ‘women entrepreneurs who feel government policies
help in expansion’ and ‘business turnover of those women entrepreneurs’
for the question showing relationship between the feeling that government policies help
in expansion and business turnover level were 79. Hence, the N is 79 for chi-square test.
The respondents were asked about opinion about government policies and
business turnover of women entrepreneurs. The choices for the opinion about the
• The government policies support in expansion,
• The government policies somewhat support in expansion, or
• The government policies do not support in expansion
• Below 25 lakhs
• Below 5 crores
• Above 5 crores
How do you think Annual Turnover in Rs.

Govt. policies help Below 25 Below 5
in expansion? Lakh Crores Total
Supportive 28 8 36
Somewhat
Supportive 20 16 36
Not Supportive 7 0 7
Total 55 24 79
The total number of respondents terming the policies as supportive are 45.56%
(36 out of 79 respondents).They include 35.44% (28 out of 79 respondents) of below 25
lakhs group, 10.12% (8 out of 79 respondents) of below 5 lakhs group.
While those respondents who are of the view that government policies are
somewhat supportive form 45.56% (36 out of 79 respondents) of the total respondents.
They include 25.31% (20 out of 79 respondents) of below 25 lakhs group and 20.25% (16
out of 79 respondents) of below 5 crores group.

Next, 8.86% (7 out of 79 respondents) of total respondents feel government
policies are not supportive. Here 8.86% (7 out of 79 respondents) of below 25 lakhs
group feel government policies are not supportive for expansion while 0% (0 out of 79
respondents) of the below 5 crore group feel the same.
The overall consensus formed is that policies are either fully or partly supportive.
Again most of the below 25 lakhs seemed to be the ones who view policies as supportive.
3.11.2 Chi square
Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)

(33.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.13.
Hypothesis-1: Business enterprises of women entrepreneurs with Lower Annual
Turnover denotes that government policies help in expansion.
• The correlation is significant because chi-square value is 7.554 and P=0.023.
Therefore, χ2 calculated < 0.05.

Since, χ2 calculated < 0.05, Hypothesis-1: Business enterprises of women

entrepreneurs with Lower Annual Turnover denotes that government policies help in
expansion is rejected.
3.11.4 Conclusion
no strong and direct relationship between two variables namely annual turnover and
thinking that government policies help in expansion.
The hypothesis testing using chi-square test rejects the contention that Business
enterprises of women entrepreneurs with Lower Annual Turnover denotes that
government policies help in expansion.
3.12 The relationship between the number of ‘Women entrepreneurs wanting a
change or reformation in government policies’ and ‘business turnover of those
women entrepreneurs’
for the question showing relationship between opinions of women entrepreneurs wanting
a change or reformation and business turnover of women entrepreneur were 85. Hence,
the N is 85 for chi-square test.
The respondents were asked about their opinion regarding government policies as
to whether they need a change or not and business turnover of women entrepreneurs. The
choices for the opinion about the government policies, included in the question were as
follows
• Respondents wanting change/ reformation in government policies, or
• Respondents not wanting change/ reformation in government policies
• Below 25 lakhs
• Below 5 crores
• Above 5 crores
3.12.1 Frequency Distribution Analysis
from the respondents
Do you want Annual Turnover in Rs. Total

any changes or
reformation of Below 25 Below 5 Above 5
the Policies? Lakh Crores Crores
Yes 31 18 0 49
No 27 8 1 36
Total 58 26 1 85
Women entrepreneur responses saying ‘YES’ about wanting change in
government policies are 57.64% (49 out of 85 respondents) and saying ‘NO’ for changes
in policies are 42.35% (36 out of 85 respondents).
interviewed, among them 36.47% (31 out of 85 respondents) of respondents want
changes in policies and 31.76% (27 out of 85 respondents) are not in favour of changing
policies.
respondents) of total respondents. Here 21.17% (18 out of 85 respondents) wanted
changes to happen in government policies while 9.41% (8 out of 85 respondents) of the
respondents were not keen on the idea of changes in policies.
respondents) of total respondents. And 0% (0 out of 85 respondents) respondents want
changes in policies and 1.17% (1 out of 85 respondents) respondents in this group don’t
want changes in policies.
In all, the difference between those who want change and those who don’t want is
not large, though the majority supports reformation in policies. The possible reasons why
almost 36.47% of below 25 lakhs group wanted change may be because they are more in
numbers when implementation of government policies are considered, and therefore
they might have felt need for some alteration in policies, while they were implementing
them.
3.12.2 Chi square
Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)

Turnover demands that reforms in government policies are required.
• The correlation is not significant because chi-square value is 3.209 and P=0.201.
entrepreneurs with Lower Annual Turnover demands that reforms in government policies
are required is accepted.
3.12.4 Conclusion
strong and direct relationship between two variables namely business turnover and
expecting reforms in government policies.
The hypothesis testing using chi-square test accepts the contention that Business
enterprises of women entrepreneurs with Lower Annual Turnover demand that reforms in
government policies are required.

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3.

1 Relationship between awareness of Government policies among women

entrepreneurs and Education level of women entrepreneurs.

In Jalgaon district, talukas selected as a specimen sample fall in D and D+ zone.

education level were 91. Hence, the N is 91 for chi-square test.

included in the question were as follows,

• Aware of the government policies, or

• Not aware of the government policies.

The types of educational levels included in the question were as follows,

• Above post graduates

3.1.1 Frequency Distribution analysis

from the respondents.

Women entrepreneur responses saying ‘YES’ about awareness of the government

Here 39.56% (36 out of 91 respondents) of graduates are aware of government

91 respondents) aware of government policies.

Talking about the unawareness of government policies among women

entrepreneurs a total of 14.3% (13 out of 91 respondents) of them are unaware.

post graduates. The Bottom-line is that spread/awareness of government policies are

3.1.2 Chi square

Pearson Chi-Square .942(a) 4 0.918

3.1.3 Hypothesis testing

Hypothesis-1: lower educated women entrepreneurs are not aware of government

• Here calculated value of chi square at 0.918 significance level is .942.

Therefore, χ2 calculated > 0.05.

policies and education.

educated women entrepreneurs are not aware of government policies.

3.2 The relationship between ‘women entrepreneurs availing Government policies’

and ‘Education level of those women entrepreneurs’

In Jalgaon district, talukas selected as a specimen sample fall in D and D+ zone.

education level were 45. Hence, the N is 45 for chi-square test.

• Availing government policies, or

• Not availing government policies.

The types of educational levels included in the question were as follows

• Above post graduates

3.2.1 Frequency Distribution analysis

from the respondents.

leading as far as availing of the policies are concerned.

3.2.2 Chi square

Pearson Chi-Square 2.356(a) 4 0.671

Hypothesis-1: Lower educated women entrepreneurs avail only known government

• Here calculated value of chi square at 0.671 significance level is 2.356.

Therefore, χ2 calculated > 0.05.

Since, χ2 calculated > 0.05, Hypothesis-1: Lower educated women entrepreneurs

policies and education.

educated women entrepreneurs avail only known government policies.

In Jalgaon district, talukas selected as a specimen sample fall in D and D+ zone.

for the question showing relationship between implementation of government policies

Hence, the N is 91 for chi-square test.

The respondents were asked about implementation of government policies and

educational background of women entrepreneurs. The choices for implementation of the

government policies, included in the question were as follows,

• Implementing government policies, or

• Not implementing government policies

The types of educational levels included in the question were as follows,

• Above post graduates

3.3.1Frequency Distribution analysis

A total of 75.8% (69 out of 91 respondents) are implementing government

implementing government policies and hence showing cent percent results.

As far as implementation of government policies are concerned graduates are

91 respondents) implemented government policies.

respondents) of them not implementing government policies. In case of below SSC it is

3.3.2 Chi Square

Pearson Chi-Square 1.223(a) 4 0.874