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OSCILLATORS
Objectives: a) To study the operation of Phase shift, Wien bridge, Hartley and Colpitts Oscillators.
b) To simulate oscillator circuits using PSPICE
Components and equipments required:
1. Oscilloscope (Scope/CRO).
2. Function Generators (FG).
3. DC power supply.
4. Project Breadboard.
5. Resistors.
6. Capacitors.
7. Inductors.
8. Inductance decade box
9. Capacitance decade box
10. SL100 BJTs / BEL100N/BC107
11. Connection Wires.
12. Oscilloscope Probes.
Circuit diagram:
Fig.1
2. Wien Bridge Oscillator:
Fig. 2
3. Hartley Oscillator:
Fig. 3
4. Colpitts Oscillator:
Fig. 4
Theory:
(Prepare yourself)
LC oscillators
Design:
a) RC Phase Shift Oscillator:
Given that
For amplifier
We have
(Given >> required )
Let
Given that
For amplifier
We have
Where is the gain of cascade amplifier with feedback. Then feedback factor k ≤ 0.5
Design of amplifier:
So choose R = 10kΩ
c)Hartley Oscillator:
Given that
We have where
Then
Design for amplifier:
Choose
(Designing is similar to amplifier used for RC phase shift oscillator. Use low value for I C,
to avoid loading effect at the input and output of the amplifier with feedback LC tuned
circuit. Low IC value provide medium matched impedances with the available L1 and L2)
Design of LC circuit:
Let L1= 10µF (Use Inductance Decade box) and L2 = 470µF (Available)
d) Colpitts Oscillator:
Given that
We have where
Choose
(Designing is similar to amplifier used for RC phase shift oscillator. Use low value for I C,
to avoid loading effect at the input and output of the amplifier with feedback LC tuned
circuit. Low IC value provide medium matched impedances with the available C1 and C2)
Design of LC circuit:
Model Waveforms
Phase Shift Oscillators
Tuned Oscillators
Simulated Results:
(Only real time simulation using virtual oscilloscope is possible. SPICE simulation is not
possible due to loading effect? Or…….)
c) Hartley Oscillator
d) Colpitts oscillator
(To simulate inductors using SPICE, connect a low resistance of value 10mΩ in series with it.)