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NSW MARITIME
COPYRIGHT
© NSW Maritime
This Document is copyright. No part of this Document may be reproduced or copied in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the Chief Executive, NSW Maritime.
Published by NSW Maritime, Locked Bag 5100 Camperdown NSW 1450. All enquiries to be
addressed to the Chief Executive, NSW Maritime.
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DISCLAIMER
Every effort has been made and all reasonable care taken to ensure the accuracy of
the material contained within this Document.
However, the Waterways Authority trading as NSW Maritime does not accept any
liability or responsibility in any way whatsoever and expressly disclaims any liability
or responsibility for any loss, damage or costs howsoever incurred by any person as
a result of or in connection with reliance upon any part of this Document.
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CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 General 5
1.2 Reference Documents 5
1.3 Notations 5
1.4 Definitions 6
2.1 General 11
2.2 Survey 11
2.3 Geotechnical 11
2.4 Existing Structures 12
2.5 Assessment 12
3.1 General 13
3.2 Australian Standards 13
3.3 Stability 14
3.4 Strength 14
3.5 Serviceability 14
3.6 Durability 14
3.7 Redundancy 15
3.8 Design Life 15
3.9 Scour and Siltation 15
3.10 Sea Level Rise 15
3.11 Disability Requirements 16
3.12 Risk 16
3.13 Health and Safety 16
4.1 General 17
4.2 Imposed Actions 17
5.1 General 21
5.2 Marinas 21
5.3 Wharves, Jetties and Boardwalks 21
5.4 Piles 21
5.5 Ramps 22
5.6 Handrails 22
5.7 Pontoons 21
5.8 Fenders 23
5.9 Boat Ramps 23
5.10 Boatsheds 24
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5.11 Seawalls 24
5.12 Ladders 24
5.13 Davits and Winches 24
5.14 Stormwater Drains 25
5.15 Slipways 25
5.16 Skids 25
5.17 Embankments 25
5.18 Stairs and Steps 26
5.19 Lifebuoys 26
5.20 Demolition 26
SECTION 6 MATERIALS
6.1 General 27
6.2 Concrete 27
6.3 Steel 29
6.4 Timber 30
SECTION 7 MAINTENANCE
7.1 General 32
7.2 Inspections 32
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1.1 GENERAL
Advice and guidance are given on the planning, design, construction and
maintenance of maritime structures.
1.3 NOTATIONS
CD
Chart Datum.
DWT
Dead Weight Tonnage.
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GRT
Gross Registered Tonnage.
H1
Wave height used for the design of structures.
Hs
Significant wave height.
HAT
Highest Astronomical Tide.
ISLW
Indian Spring Low Water.
LAT
Lowest Astronomical Tide.
LOA
Length overall of a vessel.
MHWM
Mean High Water Mark.
MSL
Mean Sea Level.
ZFDTG
Zero Fort Denison Tide Gauge.
1.4 DEFINITIONS
Accretion
The growth of sand banks and other marine deposits by the movement
and settlement of waterborne particles.
Bathymetry
The depth of water in oceans, seas, rivers and lakes.
Beam
The greatest width of a vessel including all permanent attachments.
Berth
An area of water allocated for the wet storage of vessels attached to a
fixed or floating facility and allowing for walk-on access to the vessels.
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Boardwalk
A horizontal decked walkway on piered or piled footings, providing
pedestrian access that extends over or beyond the intertidal zone, but not
intended to provide direct access to a vessel.
Boat ramp
A structure designed primarily for the launching of trailer-borne
recreational vessels and includes associated car parking facilities.
Boatshed
A building or other structure used for the storage and routine
maintenance of a boat or boats and which is associated with a private
residence and includes any skid or other structure or device used in
connection with the building.
Breakwater
A fixed or floating barrier in the water to intercept waves and create a
sheltered area to protect vessels and property from storm and wave
damage.
Capwale
A horizontal structural member connecting two or more piles and
providing support for superstructure decking, girders and joists.
Channel
An unobstructed waterway which allows the movement of vessel traffic.
Chart Datum
The datum used on Australian hydrographic charts and other
hydrographic surveys for the specific region. This datum usually
corresponds to the level of LAT.
Chine
The lower external line of any flotation component.
Davit
A mechanical device used for lifting or lowering a vessel out of or into the
water.
Dredging
The removal of material from the sea or harbour bed or the bed of a river
below MHWM.
Fairway
An unobstructed waterway between rows of berths which allows vessel
movement between interior channels and individual berths.
Fender
A buffer, usually made or rubber or timber, to protect vessels and
structures against damage during berthing.
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Fetch
The distance over open water across which wind waves can be
generated.
Freeboard
The vertical distance between the still water level and the top of the
flotation unit of a pontoon.
Gangway or Ramp
A structure which provides pedestrian access between a walkway or
shore and a floating structure or vessel.
Girder or Joist
A longitudinal structural member supporting the deck of a boardwalk, jetty
or wharf.
Headstock
A horizontal structural member connecting two or more piles and
providing support for girders or joists. A headstock is generally supported
directly on the top of the piles.
Jetty
A horizontal decked walkway on piered or piled footings providing
pedestrian access from the shore to the waterway.
Landing steps
A set of steps located at the end of a jetty or abutting a seawall or rock
face used for providing access from vessels to the shore.
Length overall
The length of a vessel measured between extremities of fittings.
Marina
A group of pontoons, jetties, piers or similar structures designed or
adapted to provide berthing for vessels used primarily for pleasure and
recreation and may include ancillary works such as slipways, facilities for
the repair and maintenance of vessels and the provision of fuel,
provisions and accessories.
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Mooring
A detached or freestanding structure to which a vessel is moored.
Pontoon
A floating platform used for access to the water or a vessel.
Reclamation
An area of dry land that was previously submerged land but now is
enclosed by seawalls that alter the natural line of the foreshore.
Revetment
An inclined face of stone, concrete or synthetic material protecting an
embankment from waves or currents.
Seawall
A structure separating land and sea.
Skid
An inclined ramp used for the manual launching of small craft but does
not include a slipway.
Slipway
A structure, usually in the form of two supported parallel rails on which a
wheeled cradle is run to draw a vessel out of the water for maintenance
and repair and includes any facility over which a vessel or object is
hauled by means of a manually operated or power operated appliance
such as a powered or manual winch, a block and tackle, etc.
Sponson
A rubbing strip, generally at the main deck level, to strengthen and
protect a vessel from berthing impacts.
Stub jetty
A short jetty designed as support for a ramp or gangway to access a
pontoon.
Swimming enclosure
A net or other structure placed in the waterway for the purpose of
providing a protected swimming area.
Vessel
Any boat longer than 5.2 m excluding rowing boats, dinghies and other
non-motorised craft.
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Vessel displacement
The total mass of a vessel and its contents.
Wharf
A structure on and parallel to the foreshore alongside which vessels may
lie to load or unload cargo, passengers, etc.
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2.1 GENERAL
2.2 SURVEY
2.3 GEOTECHNICAL
2.5 ASSESSMENT
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3.1 GENERAL
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Generally these Standards are strength limit state or ultimate limit state
design though some are working stress design.
3.3 STABILITY
The structure and its elements shall be designed for static stability under
overturning, uplift and sliding and for dynamic stability. Appropriate
combinations of design actions shall be considered so that stability loads
and other actions exceed the destabilising loads and other actions.
3.4 STRENGTH
The effects of fatigue from wind, wave and current action under normal
conditions shall also be considered.
3.5 SERVICEABILITY
3.6 DURABILITY
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3.7 REDUNDANCY
Design life is the period of time for which a structure or an element of the
structure remains fit for use for its intended purpose with appropriate
maintenance. The design life of maritime structures will depend on the
type of facility, the intended function and the applicant’s requirements.
At the end of its design life, the structure should have adequate strength
to resist ultimate loads and be serviceable, but may have reached a
stage where further deterioration will result in inadequate structural
capacity.
Structures shall be designed to allow for future sea level rise caused by
global warming.
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3.12 RISK
Examples of potential risks to users include, but are not limited to the
following:
(a) Tripping;
(b) Slipping;
(c) Falling;
(d) Pinch spots;
(e) Inadequate lighting;
(f) Inadequate safety and rescue equipment; and
(g) Inadequate egress points from the water.
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4.1 GENERAL
The design for ultimate strength, serviceability, stability and other relevant
limit states shall take into account appropriate design actions in
accordance with AS/NZS1170 and Standard Australia’s - DR 02536 -
Guidelines for Design of Maritime Structures except as modified by this
Document.
4.2.1 Marinas
Minimum live loads for marinas shall generally comply with AS3962.
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Minimum live loads for wharves, jetties and boardwalks shall generally
comply with Standard Australia’s - DR 02536 - Guidelines for Design of
Maritime Structures.
4.2.3 Ramps
4.2.4 Handrails
4.2.5 Pontoons
Pontoons shall be designed for the minimum flotation and stability loads
as shown in the following table.
* Flotation load to be applied over the whole of the pontoon deck area and ramp
where applicable. For pontoons that will support shelters or building structures, the
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flotation load shall also be applied to the whole of the roof area of such shelters or
structures.
** Stability load to be applied in the most adverse locations over the pontoon deck
area and ramp where applicable with consideration being given to pattern loading.
For pontoons that will support shelters or building structures, the stability load shall
also be applied to the roof area of such shelters or structures.
4.2.6 Fenders
4.2.8 Boatsheds
Minimum live loads for boatsheds shall generally comply with the Building
Code of Australia.
4.2.9 Seawalls
Subject to recreational use only of the land behind the seawall, seawalls
shall be designed for a minimum uniformly distributed surcharge live load
of 5.0 kPa.
4.2.10 Ladders
Minimum live loads for ladders shall generally comply with AS1657
Clause 2.1.2.5.
4.2.11 Skids
Minimum live loads for stairs shall generally comply with AS1657 Clause
2.1.2.4.
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5.1 GENERAL
5.2 MARINAS
Marina berths and fairways shall comply with the NSW Maritime
Authority’s - Guidance Note GN 03 - Depths in Berths and Fairways.
Wharves, jetties and boardwalks shall have a minimum clear width of 1.8
m.
5.4 PILES
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Where timber piles are used they shall have a minimum toe diameter of
300 mm.
5.5 RAMPS
5.6 HANDRAILS
5.7 PONTOONS
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Any restraint from adjacent piles or moored vessels shall not be taken
into account in calculations for pontoon stability.
5.8 FENDERS
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5.10 BOATSHEDS
5.11 SEAWALLS
Allowance shall be made in the design for the loss of at least 600 mm of
material from the seaward face of the seawall unless the seawall is
founded on rock.
5.12 LADDERS
Ladders shall be installed to permit access to and from the water where
suitable alternate access is not possible in close proximity to a maritime
structure.
The ladders rungs shall extend from deck level down to below low water
level with the bottom rung 300 mm below LAT.
Davits and winches shall comply with the requirements of the WorkCover
Authority’s - Construction Safety Branch - Requirements for Shore
Mounted Cranes and Hoists .
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5.15 SLIPWAYS
Winch controls shall be located so that the vessel cradle remains in full
view of the operator during slipway operations.
5.16 SKIDS
5.17 EMBANKMENTS
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5.19 LIFEBUOYS
Lifebuoys shall be fitted with a buoyant lifeline which shall comply with
the Australian Maritime Safety Authority’s Marine Orders Part 25
Appendix 1.4.
5.20 DEMOLITION
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SECTION 6 MATERIALS
6.1 GENERAL
Whilst this Section only deals with the use of typical materials, it does not
preclude the use of other materials.
6.2 CONCRETE
6.2.1 General
(a) the ability to access the repair location including the need for any
scaffolding;
(b) the ability to remove and contain waste materials during repairs;
and
(c) the ability to apply and maintain an adequate curing regime to the
repairs.
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6.3 STEEL
6.3.1 General
(a) the ability to access the repair/recoating location including the need
for any scaffolding;
(b) the ability to remove and contain waste materials during
repairs/recoating; and
(c) the ability to prepare and apply protective coatings in-situ to
achieve the required standard.
Steel maritime structures and elements shall generally comply with the
design and performance requirements of AS4100 together with the
requirements of this Document.
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6.4 TIMBER
6.4.1 General
Timber members will generally have a shorter service life than concrete
or steel members. For timber piles affected by marine organisms a
service life of 5 to 10 years would be expected. For timber decking
exposed to weathering a service life of 10 to 15 years would be expected.
Natural shrinkage of drying timber will result in the need to tighten bolted
connections during the early years of the structure’s life.
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(a) the availability of skilled carpenters, able to maintain the works over
the structure’s design life;
(b) the future availability of suitable timber species and member sizes;
and
(c) the detail and accessibility of bolted connections for ease of
replacement during maintenance.
Timber maritime structures and elements shall generally comply with the
design and performance requirements of AS1720.1 together with the
requirements of this Document.
(a) Piles:
Turpentine.
(c) Decking:
Brushbox, blackbutt, grey gum, white mahogany, tallowwood, grey
box, yellow stringybark, white stringybark, woollybutt, forest red
gum and mountain grey gum.
(c) Kerbs:
Blackbutt, grey gum, white mahogany, tallowwood, grey box, yellow
stringybark, white stringybark, woollybutt, forest red gum and
mountain grey gum.
(d) Handrails:
Tallowwood, white mahogany and grey box.
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SECTION 7 MAINTENANCE
7.1 GENERAL
7.2 INSPECTIONS
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Piles
The tidal zone of a pile should be inspected visually from the surface at
low tide annually. Signs of excessive wear or evidence of marine borer
attack or corrosion should be noted and remedial measures taken if
necessary.
Timber pile tops should be inspected for deterioration due to decay or dry
rot annually.
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7.2.3 Pontoons
Steel fittings and components should be inspected for wear and corrosion
on an annual basis. Any damage to protective coatings should be noted
for repair. Distortions due to overstress should be noted and remedial
action taken. Attention should be paid to wear and corrosion in pile guide
systems and pontoon connection hardware, where visible.
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