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Quantifiers are adjectives and adjectival phrases that give approximate answers to the
questions "How much?" and "How many?"

Example:

I've got a ˜

˜ money.

I've got O ˜
 friends.


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# !" 

Adjectives and adjectival phrases that describe quantity are shown below. Some can only go
with O
O
nouns (friends, cups, people), and some can only go with
O
O
nouns
(sugar, tea, money, advice). The words in the middle column can be used with
countable
and uncountable nouns.

"$ % !" "$

 !"  # !"   !" 
&' &'   &$'
&$'
a little no/none a few
a bit (of) not any a number (of)
- some (any) several
a great deal of a lot of a large number of
a large amount of plenty of a great number of
- lots of -

( 

  °
and ° are used in negative and question forms.

Example:
 þÊ ‘°
 money have you got?
þÊ ‘° cigarettes have you smoked?
þÊ There's 
°
 sugar in the cupboard.
þÊ There were
° people at the concert.

They are also used with       O   O There were
° people at the
concert - we couldn't see the band.
It's a problem when there are ° people.
There's 
°
 work to do this week.

In positive statements, we use ˜
:

þÊ I've got  ˜
 work this week.

þÊ There were ˜
 people at the concert.

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These expressions show the speaker's # towards the quantity he/she is referring to.

Y (for countable nouns) and ˜

˜ (for uncountable nouns) describe the quantity in a
ë * way:

þÊ "I've got  friends" (= maybe not many, but enough)

þÊ "I've got ˜

˜ money" (= I've got enough to live on)

 and ˜

˜ describe the quantity in a +* way:

þÊ  people visited him in hospital (= he had almost no visitors)

þÊ He had ˜

˜ money (= almost no money)

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„° and  are used with countable and uncountable nouns, to describe an indefinite or
incomplete quantity.

„° is used in ë * statements:

þÊ I had ° rice for lunch

þÊ He's got ° books from the library.

It is also used in questions where we are sure about the answer:

 þÊ àid he give you ° tea? (= I'm sure he did.)
þÊ Is there ° fruit juice in the fridge? (= I think there is)

„°is used in situations where the question is not a request for information, but a method
of making a request, encouraging or giving an invitation:

þÊ aould I have ° books, please?

þÊ èhy don't you take ° books home with you?
þÊ èould you like ° books?

Y is used in questions and with 
in +* statements:

þÊ Have you got  tea?

þÊ He did
give me  tea.
þÊ I do
think we've got $ coffee left.

More examples:

„
 




a. I will have ° news next week.
b. She has ° valuable books in her house.
c. Philip wants ° help with his exams.
d. There is ° butter in the fridge.
e. èe need ° cheese if we want to make a fondue.

„
 


a. èould you like ° help?
b. èill you have ° more roast beef?

Y 




a. She does
want  kitchen appliances for ahristmas.
b. They do
want  help moving to their new house.
c. No, thank you. I do
want  more cake.
d. There is
 reason to complain.

Y  





a. ào you have  friends in London?
b. Have they got  children?
c. ào you want  groceries from the shop?
d. Are there  problems with your work?

c

 &ë # 
&#
,
)-#
Some + -thing -body -one -where
Any +
No +

aompound nouns with ° and  are used in the same way as ° and .

 *&:

þÊ „° is sleeping in my bed.

þÊ He saw °
  in the garden.
þÊ I left my glasses ° in the house.

 

þÊ Are you looking for °? (= I'm sure you are)

þÊ Have you lost °
 ? (= I'm sure you have)
þÊ Is there 
  to eat? (real question)
þÊ àid you go  last night?

+*&

þÊ She didn't go  last night.

þÊ He doesn't know 
  here.

c
that there is a difference in emphasis between 
  

  O and 


  

 :

þÊ I do
know 
  about it. (= neutral, no emphasis)

þÊ I know 
  about it (= more emphatic, maybe defensive)

More examples:

„
‘„

„
‘
a. I have °
  to tell you.
b. There is °
  to drink in the fridge.
c. He knows °
  in New York
d. Susie has °
  staying with her.
e. They want to go ° hot for their holidays.
f. Keith is looking for ° to live.

Y
Y‘Y‘
a. Is there 
  who speaks English here?
b. àoes 
  have the time?
c. Is there 
  to eat?
d. Have you 
  to say?
e. He doesn't have 
  to stay tonight.
f. I wouldn't eat 
  except at Maxim's.


 ‘ ‘
a. There is 
  in the house at the moment
 b. èhen I arrived there was 
  to meet me.
c. I have learnt 
  since I began the course.
d. There is 
  to eat.
e. There is  as beautiful as Paris in the Spring.
f. Homeless people have  to go at night.

Y can also be used in positive statements to mean h°


h h°

h h
°


h

Examples:

a. You can borrow  of my books.

b. They can choose 
  from the menu.
c. You may invite 
  to dinner, I don't mind.


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.##
They function like comparatives and hold a relative position on a scale of 
 or

.




 &/0 1//0
èith plural countable nouns:
&$ &  & 
èith uncountable nouns:
& &  & 





 &1//0 /0
èith plural countable nouns:
  
èith uncountable nouns:
"" " "

Examples:

þÊ There are ° people in England, ° in India, but the °
people live in ahina.
þÊ

 time and money is spent on education ° on health services but
°
is
spent on national defence.
þÊ  rivers in Europe are not polluted.
þÊ  people die young now than in the seventeenth century.
þÊ The country with

people per square kilometre must be Australia.
þÊ Scientists have ˜

˜ hope of finding a complete cure for cancer before the year 2,000.
þÊ She had ˜ time to study than Paul but had better results.
þÊ Mive that dog the ˜
opportunity and it will bite you.
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 +( 
 is placed before the noun, to indicate the quantity required or necessary:

þÊ There is   bread for lunch.

þÊ She has   money.

  is also used with adjectives and adverbs - see these sections.

þÊ èe didn't have   time to visit London Bridge.

þÊ Are there   eggs to make an omelette?
þÊ michard has  talent to become a singing star.

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,

The #" numbers (one, two, three, etc.) are adjectives referring to quantity, and the
#" numbers (first, second, third, etc.) refer to distribution.

&! #" #"

1 one first
2 two second
3 three third
4 four fourth
5 five fifth
6 six sixth
7 seven seventh
8 eight eighth
9 nine ninth
10 ten tenth
11 eleven eleventh
12 twelve twelfth
13 thirteen thirteenth
14 fourteen fourteenth
15 fifteen fifteenth
16 sixteen sixteenth
17 seventeen seventeenth
18 eighteen eighteenth
19 nineteen nineteenth
20 twenty twentieth
21 twenty-one twenty-first
22 twenty-two twenty-second
23 twenty-three twenty-third
24 twenty-four twenty-fourth
25 twenty-five twenty-fifth
26 twenty-six twenty-sixth
27 twenty-seven twenty-seventh
28 twenty-eight twenty-eighth
29 twenty-nine twenty-ninth
30 thirty thirtieth
31 thirty-one thirty-first
40 forty fortieth
50 fifty fiftieth
60 sixty sixtieth
70 seventy seventieth
80 eighty eightieth
90 ninety ninetieth
100 one hundred hundredth
500 five hundred five hundredth
1,000 one thousand thousandth
100,000 one hundred thousand hundred thousandth
1,000,000 one million millionth

Examples:

þÊ There are

  people in the room.

þÊ He was the  

 person to win the award since 1934.
þÊ „    
  people were left homeless after the earthquake
þÊ I must have asked you

 times to be quiet.
þÊ He went to Israel for the
  time this year.

Fractions and decimals

# %
#
half 0.5 point five
a quarter 0.25 point two five
three quarters 0.75 point seven five

Percentages

%
#
25% twenty five percent
50% fifty percent
75% seventy five percent
100% a/one hundred percent

Units

%
#
$1,200 one thousand two hundred dollars
£16,486 sixteen thousand four hundred and
eighty-six pounds
545kms five hundred and forty-five kilometres
$25.35 twenty-five dollars thirty-five

Years

%
#
1988 Nineteen eighty-eight
1864 Eighteen sixty-four
1999 Nineteen ninety-nine

How to say '0'

 + #&&"2ë ##&"

h 
times three equals  
'
0.3 = ' 
point three' (or 'point three')
0.03 = 'point  
three'
 #2ë )ë""$
&ë
20oa = minus twenty degrees
twenty degrees below 

" # &3" ë 3

'The heavy rain reduced visibility to h
' ' (the letter) #"ë &!
0171 390 0062 = ' one seven one three nine  double
 six two'
"/ + # 2ë +& !""
 2 - 0 = 'two  ˜' or 'two 
 '

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ALL, BOTH, HALF
EAaH, EVEmY, EITHEm, NEITHEm

These words refer to a group of people or things, and to individual members of the
group. They show different ways of looking at the individuals within a group, and
they express how something is distributed, shared or divided.

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These words can be used in the following ways:

1 - Uncountable noun

2 the or

( 3 my, your, etc. aountable noun in the plural

4a this, that Uncountable noun

4b these, those aountable noun in the plural

Example:
1. Y˜˜
 contains protein
Y˜˜
 ˜  need affection
2. Y˜˜
˜ in the room were silent.
Have you eaten ˜˜

 ?
3. I've invited ˜˜°   to the party.
I've been waiting ˜˜°˜  for this opportunity.
4a. èho's left ˜˜
  on my desk?
4b. Look at ˜˜
 balloons!
 1 -

2 the aountable
c 
noun in
(
3 my, your, etc. the plural

4 these, those

Example:
1. 

 ˜  were born in Italy.
2. He has crashed



.
3. 
°
 have fair hair.
4 You can take



 back to the library.
See note below

1 a Uncountable

2 the or

( 3 my, your, etc. countable noun

4 this, that,
these, those

Example:
1. I bought ˜ ˜ of apples yesterday.
2. You can have ˜

.
She gave me ˜
˜.
3. I've already given you ˜°°.
‘˜ 
 were in French.
4 ‘˜
 are harmless
You can take ˜
  

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: Y˜˜

˜: 'OF' must be added when followed by a pronoun:

Y˜˜ 

 ˜
°
It is also quite common to add it in most of the above situations except when there is no
article (No.1 in all the tables above.)
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These distributive words are normally used with singular nouns, and are placed before the
noun.



 and 
 can be used with plural nouns but must be followed by hh:

 is a way of seeing the members of a group as individuals:

þÊ 
 O
 O
 O  
þÊ 
  O
  O
 O  

*$ is a way of seeing a group as a series of members:

þÊ   O

      O O


It can also express different points in a series, especially with time expressions:

þÊ   


      

þÊ c

OO

 


    

 andare concerned with distribution between two things - 
 is positive,

 is negative:

þÊ è
O OO
 
O 
 OO

  
þÊ ? OO O O 
    O 
  
þÊ c  O   OO
   
OO O 
 
.
þÊ 
 OO

 O   h 
  
O
þÊ è
O OO
 
O 
 
 h 
  
O




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These words refer to something different, remaining, or additional.

They are placed!  .

Y
 is used with singular nouns,
with singular or plural.

þÊ There are 
 jobs you could try.

þÊ èhere's the 
 packet of cereals?
þÊ Is there any 
 bread?
þÊ Have 
 cup of tea.


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In questions, these words ask which thing or person is being referred to. They are placed
before the noun.

þÊ 
 dress are you going to wear tonight?

þÊ 
colour is your dress?
þÊ  car are you going to use?