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Seven Ways Today’s
Distributed Control
Systems (DCS)
Can Save You 20% or More
In the past, DCS Systems were large, expensive and
very complex. This drove many control engineers
to use Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and
Human Machine Interface (HMI) in order to lower
cost. Today, these implementations are
consistently more expensive than DCS systems for
the same process or batch application.
This report documents the key advantages of DCS
systems over PLC/HMI engineered systems and the
typical value of each.
Executive Summary
This report has been developed to help show how you can significantly reduce the cost of your
process automation. As you probably know, integrating independent PLC’s and required
operator interface, takes a great amount of time and effort. This effort is focused on making
the technology work together, rather than improving operations, reducing costs, or improving
the quality or profitability of your plant.
Many engineers do not normally think about it but a PLC/HMI system may have a subset, if not
all, of the following unique and manually coordinated databases.
• Each controller and its associated I/O
• HMI (potentially multiple HMIs)
• Alarm Management
• Batch / Recipe and PLI
• Redundancy at all levels
• Historian
• Asset Optimization
• Fieldbus device management
Each of these databases must be manually kept in sync. Every time a change is made in one,
others usually need to be updated to reflect the change. For example, when an I/O point and
some control logic is added you probably need to change or add a HMI element, the Historian
and the Alarm database. This means your engineers must make these changes in each of these
databases, not just one.
In another scenario a change may be made in an alarm setting in a control loop. In a PLC
implementation there is no automatic connection between the PLC and the HMI. This can be a
large problem during start up of a new application where alarm limits are being constantly
tweaked in the controller to work out the process while trying to keep the Alarm Management
and HMI applications up to date with the changes and useful to the operator.
Key Advantages
Today’s DCS systems (also known as Process Control Systems) are developed to allow you to
quickly implement the entire system by integrating all of these databases into one which is
designed, configured and operated from the same application.
The table below explains how savings can be realized by using today’s DCS System over a
PLC/HMI system. This information has been collected from decades of implementation
expertise of ABB engineers, end user controls engineers, consultants, and multiple Systems
Integrators who actively implement both types of control solutions based on application
requirement and user preferences.
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PLC/HMI Process Control System *Time savings
(DCS) with Process
Control
Engineering Control Engineers must map As control logic is 15‐25%
out system integration designed, alarming, HMI depending on
between HMI, alarming, and system how much
controller communications, communications are HMI and
and multiple controllers for automatically configured. alarming is
every new project. being
One software designed into
Control addresses (tags) configuration tool is used the system.
must be manually mapped in to set up one database
engineering documents to used by all system
the rest of the system. components.
This manual process is time As the Control Engineer
consuming and error prone. designs the control logic,
the rest of the system falls
Engineers also have to learn into place.
multiple software tools,
which can often take weeks The simplicity of this
of time. approach allows engineers
to understand this
environment in a matter
of a few days.
Programming Control logic, alarming, When control logic is 15%‐45%
system communications and developed, HMI
HMI are programmed Faceplates, alarms and
independently. Control system communications
Engineers are responsible to are automatically
integrate/link multiple configured.
databases to create the
system. Faceplates automatically
appear using the same
Items to be manually alarm levels and scalability
duplicated in every element set up in the control logic.
of the system include. These critical data
‐ Scalability data elements are only set up
‐ Alarm levels once in the system.
‐ Tag locations
(addresses) This substantially reduces
the time it takes to
Only basic control is engineer and implement a
available. Extensions in system and errors in the
functionality needs to be system.
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PLC/HMI Process Control System *Time savings
(DCS) with Process
Control
created on a per application
basis. (e.g. Feed Forward, This is analogous to having
Tracking, Self tuning, your calendars on your
Alarming…) This approach desktop and phone
leads to non‐standard automatically sync vs.
applications, which are having to retype every
tedious to operate and appointment in both
maintain. devices. People who try to
keep two calendars in sync
Redundancy is rarely used manually find it takes
with PLC’s. One reason is the twice the time and the
difficulty in setting it up and calendars are rarely ever in
managing meaningful sync.
redundancy for the
application. Redundancy is set up in
software quickly and
easily, nearly with a click
of a button.
Commissioning Testing a PLC / HMI system is Process Control Systems 10‐20%
and Start up normally conducted on the come with the ability to depending on
job site after all of the wiring automatically simulate the the complexity
is completed and the process based on the logic, of the start up
production manager is asking HMI and alarms that are and
“why is the system not going to be used by the commissioning
running yet?” operator at the plant.
Off line simulation is This saves significant time
possible, but this takes an on‐site since the
extensive effort of programming has already
programming to write code been tested before the
which will simulates the wiring is begun.
application you are
controlling. Due to the high
cost and complex
programming, this is rarely
done.
Troubleshooting Powerful troubleshooting All information is 10‐40%
tools are available for use if automatically available to (Varies greatly
the controls engineer the operator based on the based on the
programs them into the logic being executed in the time spent
system. controllers. developing
HMI and
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PLC/HMI Process Control System *Time savings
(DCS) with Process
Control
For example, if an input or This greatly reduces the alarming, and
output is connected to the time it takes to identify keeping the
system, the control logic will the issues and get your system up to
be programmed into utilize facility up and running date.)
the control point. But when again.
this is updated, did the data
get linked to the desperate The operator also has
HMI? Have alarms been set access to view the
up to alert operators of graphical function blocks
problems? Are these points as they run to see what is
being communicated to the working and not. (read
other controllers? only)
Programming logic is rarely Root Cause Analysis is
exposed to the operator standard.
since it is in a different
software tool and not Field Device diagnostics
intuitive for an operator to (HART and Fieldbus) are
understand. available from the
operator console.
Ability to change Changing the control logic to Adding or changing logic in 20‐25%
to meet process meet new application the system is also very savings on
requirements requirements is relatively easy. In many cases even changes is not
easy. The challenge comes easier to change logic with uncommon.
with additional requirements built in and custom
to integrate the new libraries of code.
functionality to the Operator
Stations. Also, When changes are made,
documentation should be the data entered into the
developed for every change. control logic is
This does not happen as automatically propagated
much as it should. to all aspects of the
system. This means far less
If you were to change an errors and the “system”
input point to a new address has been changed with
or tag, that change must be just a single change in the
manually propagated control logic.
throughout the system.
Operator Operator Training is the Training for operators is 10‐15% is
Training responsibility of the available from the process common in
developer of the application. control vendor. This is due training costs
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PLC/HMI Process Control System *Time savings
(DCS) with Process
Control
There is no operator training to the standardized way reduction, but
from the vendor since every information is presented this can be
faceplate, HMI screen or to operators. magnified
Alarm management function with the
can be set up differently This can significantly constancy
from the next. Even within a reduce operator training found across
single application operators costs and quality due to operators.
could see different graphics the common and expected
for different areas of the operator interface on any
application they are application, no matter
monitoring. who implements the
system.
System Documentation is based on As the control logic is 30‐50% due to
documentation each part of the overall changed, documentation the nature of
system. As each element is for all aspects of the the system
changed, documentation system is automatically being put in
must be created to keep created. place.
each document up to date.
Again, this rarely happens,
causing many issues with
future changes and
troubleshooting.
* Time savings based on typical costs associated with a system using ~500 I/O, Two controllers,
One workstation and 25 PID Loops.
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Your Customized Results
As you know, these are “typical savings”. Your individual savings will vary from the estimates,
and may vary greatly. To help you determine the savings for your application we have two
tools to assist you.
1) A self help tool, the Custom Process Evaluation Worksheet (can be found at
http://www.abbprocess.com/files/Process_Eval_Worksheet.xls). After you download
this tool you will be able to change the cells highlighted in yellow to give you an idea
where the savings can be found in your application. An example of the worksheet is
shown below.
Sample Process Application
2 Controllers, 500 I/O with 25 PID loops, One Workstation which also monitors other parts of the facility
Project Phase PLC / HMI Process Control System
Hours $/Hour Cost Typical Savings Cost
Engineering 210 $120 $25,200 20% $20,160
Purchase Price N/A N/A $45,000 0% $45,000
Programming/Implementation 160 $120 $19,200 45% $10,560
Installation/wiring 200 $120 $24,000 0% $24,000
Integration 60 $120 $7,200 95% $360
Commissioning 20 $120 $2,400 40% $1,440
Troubleshooting (cost per hour 10 $10,000 $100,000 20% $80,000
includes plant downtime)
Upgrade the process 100 $120 $12,000 45% $6,600
Training / Documentation 60 $120 $7,200 50% $3,600
Total $242,200 21% $191,720
2) Our local ABB Process Control Expert can be contacted to deliver a “Custom Process
Evaluation” and assist you in the completion of the worksheet. Many engineers find this
20‐30 minute discussion helpful since our experts understand both the DCS and
PLC/HMI architectures well and can help you understand where the savings shown in
the worksheet really comes from. To find your local rep, please call 800 435 7365,
option #2, then #5.
Conclusion
If you are using PLC’s and HMI to control your process or batch applications, your application is
a great candidate to reduce costs and gain better control. Your savings would be significant and
will continue to lower your costs over the life of your system. We look forward to helping you
identify these savings and realize them in your next implementation.
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