SUBMITTED TO:

SIR MUSTAFA HYDER

SUBMITTED BY:

RABICA MUMTAZ

ROLL NO: (44) BSPA III

DATE: 15, AUG 2010

Contemporary issues of Public Administration in Pakistan Page |2

Make a table of practitioners of public administration and

mention their work related to the field.
Contemporary issues of Public Administration in Pakistan Page |3

S.No Scientist Country/Date/Era Theory/Definitions/Statements

Name
Aristotle stresses,
Ideal state should remain always within the
bounds of possibility. The purpose of the state is
Stageira, Chalcidice to provide the good life, and this is the life of
1. (384–322 B.C.) virtue, the ideal state will be that which best
Belonged to the era of facilitates the exercise of virtue in its citizens.
Ancient philosophy Aristotle distinguishes three basic elements in
government, the deliberative, the executive, and
the judicial, and he defines citizenship as active
participation in at least the deliberative and
judicial functions.

Locke believed that,

Wrington, Somerset, The government is the trustee of the people's
England (1632-1704 A.D.) power and that it exercises power specifically for
2. Belonged to the era of the purpose of serving the people. If the
17th century Philosophy government abuses that trust, however, the
(Modern Philosophy) people have a right to revoke the trust and
assume the reins of government themselves or
place them in new hands.

Malmesbury, Wiltshire, E Hobbes is the founding father of

ngland (1588 –1679 A.D.) modern political philosophy . He gave the thesis
3. Belonged to the era of that,
17th century Philosophy The problems of political life mean that a society
(Modern Philosophy should accept an unaccountable sovereign as its
sole political authority.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his influential 1762

treatise “The Social Contract” outlined a
Geneva, Switzerland different version of social contract theory based
(1712-1778) on popular sovereignty. Rousseau believed that
4. Belonged to the era of Liberty was possible only where there was direct
18th century Philosophy rule by the people as a whole in lawmaking,
(Modern Philosophy where popular sovereignty was indivisible
and inalienable. Citizens must, in at least some
circumstances, be able to choose together the
fundamental rules by which they would live, and
be able to revise those rules on later occasions if
they choose to do so.
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S.No Scientist Country/Date/Era Theory/Definitions/Statements

Name

Montesquieu was largely responsible for the

Chateau de la Brede, La popularization of the
Brède,Gironde, France, terms feudalism and Byzantine Empire.
5. (1689-1755) Montesquieu described division of political
Belonged to the era of power. Montesquieu saw two types of
18th Century philosophy governmental power existing: the sovereign and
the administrative. He belives;
The administrative power should be separate
from each other so that the influence of any one
power would not be able to exceed that of the
other two, either singly or in combination

Thetford, Norfolk, Englan Paine believed that;

d, Great Britain, ((1737- Man can infuse and draw out the good of fellow
6. 1809) men in society in theatres of political
Belonged to the era of participation by using his conscience and his
18th Century Philosophy reason.

Samuel Adams is a founding father of united

states of America. Samuel Adams was a true
7. Boston, Massachusetts, revolutionary hero, and an essential force in the
(1722-1803) creation of the United States of America.
Samuel Adams once said,
“What has commonly been called rebellion has
more often been nothing but a manly and
glorious struggle in opposition to the lawless
power of rebellious kings and princes.”

Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United

States, author of the Declaration of
Shadwell, Virginia Independence and was this nation's greatest
8. British America, (1743- champion of representative democracy and the
1826) rights of man. He wrote;
"The essential principles of our Government...
form the bright constellation which has gone
before us and guided our steps through an age
of revolution and reformation.

S.No Scientist Country/Date/era Theory/Definitions/Statements

Name
Contemporary issues of Public Administration in Pakistan Page |5

Dwight Waldo was an American political

scientist and is perhaps the defining figure in
Nebraska, USA (1913- modern public administration.
9. October 27, 2000). He believed;
“Public administration is the art and science of
management as applied to the affairs of State”

Frank Johnson Goodnow explains the distinction

between politics and policies, principles and
operations
Brooklyn, New York, USA, Goodnow contends;
10. (1859-1939) That the separation of administration from
politics actually served to enhance democracy

Philadelphia,
11. Pennsylvania U.S.
(1856-1915)

Fayol view public administration as managerial

task. According to Fayol;
The principle categories of administration are
12. Istanbul, Turkey, five, namely, planning (including research and
(1841-1925) forecasting), organization, command co-
ordination and control.
According to him these are not merely the
logical categories of administration, but also the
actual steps or moments which successively
occur in the administrative process.
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S.No Scientist Country/Date/era Theory/Definitions/Statements

Name

“Public administration mainly concerned

with the performance of various activities
13. performed by government in the public
interest”.
“The real core of administration is the basic
service which is performed for the public”.

“Public administration covers all three

branches-executive, legislative, and judicial,
and their inter-relationships and has an
14.
important role in the formulation of public
policy and is thus a part of the political
process”

“public administration consist of all those

Lafourche Parish, operations having for their purpose the
15. fulfillment or enforcement of public policy as
Louisiana. (1845-1921)
declared by competent authority”

Parker believes;
That government agencies are public service
Artarmon N.S.W.,
16. organizations and they should be fundamentally
(1915-2002)
committed to the pursuit of truth ahead of
bureaucratic or political convenience
Contemporary issues of Public Administration in Pakistan Page |7

S.No Scientist Name Country/Date/era Theory/Definitions/Statements

Robert Denhardt proposed a new public service

model. According to this model, the citizen is
17. Kentucky,(1942) expected to participate in government and take
an active role throughout the policy process

Peters define;
“Governance relates to changing relationships
between State and society and a growing
18. reliance on less coercive policy instruments” he
assert that “the State is still the centre of
considerable political power”. He perceive
governance as “processes in which the State
plays a leading role, making priorities and
defining objectives”.

Bethesda, Maryland, (1918-

19. 1989)
Public Administration is centrally concerned with
the organization of government policies and
programs well as the behavior of officials
formally responsible for their conduct

North Adams,
Massachusetts. (1897-
20. 1991)
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S.No Scientist Name Country/Date/Era Theory/Definitions/Statements

“public administration is detailed and systematic

21. Staunton, Virginia, USA. application of law. Every particular application
of law is an act of administration “
(1856-1924)

Pentonville, London,
Great Britain, (1806- Mill's On Liberty addresses the nature and limits
1873) of the power that can be legitimately exercised
Belonged to the era of by society over the individual.
Mill believed that “the struggle
19th Century philosophy
22. between Liberty and Authority is the most
and classical economics
conspicuous feature in the portions of history.”
For him, liberty in antiquity was a “contest...
between subjects, or some classes of subjects,
and the government

Weber is well-known for his study of

bureaucratization of society. According to
Weber,
Erfurt, Prussian Saxony, The attributes of modern bureaucracy include its
23. (1864-1920) impersonality, concentration of the means of
administration, a leveling effect on social and
economic differences and implementation of a
system of authority that is practically
indestructible
Contemporary issues of Public Administration in Pakistan Page |9

www.Wikipedia.com

www.amazon.com

www.answer.com

www.infibeam.com

www.cssforum.com.pk

http://kawsher-publicadministration.blogspot.com

Dr. Muhammad Hassan Shaikh; Principles of Public Administration; Kifayat Academy

Dr. Sultan Khan; Public Administration with special reference to Pakistan; Famous Books