A Presentation on…

Microsoft
Operating
Designed and
Presented by
Muhammad Iqrash
Awan
BBA IT (Hons.) 2008-
12
Table of Contents
q What is an Operating
System?
q Some Basic Functions of an
Operating Systems.
q MS DOS
q 16-Bit Windows
q Windows 95
q Windows 97
q Windows 98
q Windows Me
q Windows 2000
q Windows NT
q Windows XP (including
Installation)
q Windows Vista
Operating
What is an Operating System?
q An Operating System (OS)
is set of programs
containing instructions
that work together to
coordinate all the
activities among
computer hardware
resources.

q It is also responsible for

the management and
coordination of activities
Operating
What are the Functi ons of an OS?
start the provide a user manage
computer interface programs

Administer
security
manag
e
memo

control
a
network

provide file monitor establish an schedule jobs

management and performan Internet and configure
other utilities ce connection devices
Functions of O.S.
What is “Booting”?
q The Process of Starting up a
computer is called
“Booting”.
qTypes of Booting:-
• Cold Booting
Turning on computer that
has been powered off is
called “Cold Booting”.
• Warm Booting
Restarting computer that
is powered on is called Warm boot from
Windows desktop
Warm boot from
“Warm Booting”. system unit
Functions of O.S.
How Does a Computer Boots Up?
Step 1. Power Step 4. Results of POST
supply sends are compared with data
signal to in CMOS chip
Step 5. BIOS looks for
components in
system files in floppy disk
system unit
Step 2. Processor drive and then hard disk
accesses BIOS to
start computer Step 6. Kernel (core) of
operating system loads
Step 3. BIOS runs into RAM
tests, called the Step 7. Operating system
POST, to check in memory takes control
components of computer
Step 8. Operating system
such as mouse, loads configuration
keyboard, and information and displays
adapter cards desktop on screen
Functions of O.S.
What is a “User Inter face”?
q User Interface is The Portion
of the Operating system that
defines how the user enters
data and instructions and
how information displays on
screen.
qTypes of User Interface:-
• Command line User
Functions of O.S.
What is a “Memor y Management”?
q Optimizing use of random
access memory (RAM)
q With virtual memory (VM),
portion of hard disk is
allocated to function as RAM
Step 1: The Step 2: The
O.S. transfers O.S. transfers
the least data and
recently used program
data and instructions
program
instructions to
from disk to
disk as memory
memory is when they
needed for
Functions of O.S.
What is a “Fil e Manager”?
q Performs functions such
as copying, renaming,
deleting, and moving
files.
q Image Viewers display
contents on graphical
files when you double
Functions of O.S.
What is Single
q Working on two or more
programs that reside in
memory at same time
• Foreground contains
application you are
using
• Background contains
programs that are
running but are not
in use
Functions of O.S.
How Does an O.S. Schedule Jobs?

Adjusts schedule
based on
job’s priority
Sending
Receiving data
information
from input device
to output device
A job is operation
the processor manages Transferring items
Processing
between storage
instructions
and memory
Functions of O.S.
What is a “Device Driver”?

Program that With Plug and Play,

tells operating system operating system
how to communicate Device automatically configures
with device Driver new devices as you install
Also called driver them
Functions of O.S.
How does an OS monitor
q Provides program,
called performance
monitor, that assesses
and reports information
about system resources
and devices
Evolution of O.S. Windows
7

Windows
Vista

Windows
2000 Windows
XP

Windows NT
4

Windows NT
3.5
Windows
ME
Windows NT
3.1 Windows
98
Windows
Windows 95
3.11
 MS DOS
What is “MS DOS”?
q MS DOS Stands for
“Microsoft Disk
Operating System”.
q A Command line
Operating System.
q It was the main
operating system for
personal computers
during the 1980s.
q Use Written Commands
 MS DOS
End of MS-DOS
q MS-DOS has effectively
ceased to exist as a
platform for desktop
computing.
q It was the main
operating system for
personal computers
during the 1980s.
q Use Written Commands
 MS DOS
“Screen Shots” of MS DOS?
 16-bit
Launch of Fi rst ever Windows
q On November 20, 1985 the
history was made and
Microsoft released the first
ever windows called
Windows 1 .
q Windows 1
q Windows 1.0 is a 16-bit
graphical operating
environment.
q It was Microsoft's first
attempt to implement a
Windows 1,
Successors of Windows 1
q Windows 1.1
q Windows 1.2
q Windows 2.0
q Windows 2.1
q Windows 2.11
q Windows 3.0
q Note: All of them were
released with a minor
change of GUI.
32-Bit Windows
First Ever 32-bit Windows
q Windows 3.1x the First
ever 32-bit graphing
windows was released on
November 1985.
q Windows 3.1x
• It was released as an
add-on to MS-DOS in
response to the
growing interest in
graphical user
interfaces (GUIs).
• With the introduction
List of 32-Bit
Followin g ar e a few W indows bas ed on 3 2- bit
q Windows 3.1x
q Windows NT 3.1
q Windows NT 3.5
q Windows 95
q Windows 95 (With Internet
Explorer)
q Windows 98
q Windows Me
q Windows 2000
Windows 95
Star t of a B etter F am ily of 3 2-B it W ind ows
q It was released on August
24, 1995 by Microsoft.
q Windows 95 was a big step
forward in the improvement
of Microsoft’s Line of
Operating Systems.
q Before release it was
referred to as Windows 4.0
q It had the code name
Windows 95
B ett er Gr aphical Us er I nter f ace
q The GUI of Windows 95
was mostly inspired by
the GUI of Windows
3.1x, but was far better
than the previous
windows.
q Due to its fine and user
friendly GUI it became
Windows 95
I n troduction of Star t B utton
q Windows 95 marked the
introduction of the Start
button and taskbar to
Microsoft's GUI.
q The Start Button led to the
start menu which holds the
most frequently used
commands as well as the
shortcuts to most of the
installed programs.
q The start button and start
Windows 97
W in dow s 95 with I nt er net Exp lorer
q The upgrade version of
Windows 95 was called as
Windows 97.
q This upgraded version
contained Microsoft Internet
Explorer and Internet Logon
Utilities as Upgrades.
q This Upgrade of Windows 95
Windows 97
I n ter net Exp lorer Pr eview
q Internet Explorer, commonly
abbreviated to IE, is a series
of graphical web browsers
developed by Microsoft.
q Internet Explorer has been
designed to view a broad
range of web pages and to
provide certain features
within the operating system,
including “Microsoft
Update.”
q Microsoft spent over $100
Windows 98
An oth er Hyb rid 3 2-B it W in dows
q Windows 98 is a graphical
operating system released
on 25 June, 1998 by
Microsoft and the successor
to Windows 95.
q Like its predecessor, it is a
hybrid 16-bit/32-bit product
based on MS-DOS.
q Before it’s released it was
Windows 98
GU I M or e of the Sam e
q The GUI of the Windows 98
was mostly inspired by
Windows 95.
q The add-on Feature of
Windows 98 was Active
Desktop.
q Active Desktop is a feature
of Microsoft Internet
Explorer’s optional
Windows Desktop Update
that allows the user to add
Windows 98
W in dow s 98 Second E dition
q Windows 98 Second
Edition is an updated
release of Windows 98,
released on 5 May 1999.
q It contained many
improved features like:
• Replacement of the
Significantly Faster and
Lighter Internet
Explorer 5.0.
• Improved USB Support
• Support for future
software like DirectX
Windows Me
W I ND O WS M E m illenn iu m edition
q Windows Me is a hybrid
16-bit/32-bit graphical
operating system
q It was released on 14
September, 2000 by
Microsoft.
q It was originally
Windows Me
An Over v iew
q Windows Me was the
successor to Windows
98.
q Just like Windows 98,
was targeted
specifically at home PC
users.
q It included Internet
Explorer 5.5, Windows
Media Player 7, and the
Windows NT
An Over v iew
q Window NT is a
Microsoft Windows
personal computer
operating system
designed for users and
business needing
advanced capability.
q It was released in July
1993.
q The letters NT were
expanded to New
Technology for
marketing purposes.
Windows NT
Main P roducts
Window NT had two main
products:-
q Microsoft NT Workstation
• Workstations basically
designed for business users
. It is more fail-safe than
Window 95 and Window 98.
qMicrosoft NT Server
• Server is designed for
business machines that
need to provide services for
network attached
computers.
Windows NT
Main V er s ions
Main Versions of Window
NT are:-
q Windows NT 3.1
q Windows NT 3.5
q Windows NT 3.51
q Windows NT 4.0
WINDOW NT 3.1
The F ir s t of W in dows NT Series
q Window NT 3.1 is the first
release of Microsoft’s
Window line of server and
business desktop operating
system.
q It was release to
manufacturing on 27 July
1993.
q GUI
It’s GUI was more like
Windows 3.X.
q Editions:-
Two editions of NT 3.1 were
WINDOW NT 3.5
The Second of W in dows NT
q Windows NT 3.5 is the second
release of Microsoft Windows
NT operating system
q It was released on September
21,1994.
q One of the primary goals
during Windows NT 3.5’s
development was to increase
the speed of the operating
system.
q New features in Windows NT
3.5 include the new start up
WINDOW NT 3.51
The T hir d of W indows NT Series
q Windows NT 3.51 is the third
release of Microsoft's Windows NT
line of Operating Systems.
q It was released on May 30, 1995,
nine months after Windows NT
3.5.
q The release provided two notable
feature improvements:-
1. NT 3.51 was the first of a
short-lived outing of Microsoft
Windows on the PowerPC CPU
architecture.
2. It provides client/server
WINDOW NT 4.0
The B est NT So Fa r
q Windows NT 4.0 is a
preemptive, graphical and
business-oriented operating
system designed to work with
either uni-processor or
symmetric multi-processor
computers.
q It is a release of Microsoft's
Windows NT line of operating
systems and was released to
manufacturing on 29 July 1996.
q It was also the last release in
the Windows NT line to use the
WINDOW 2000
Star t of 64- B it W indows
q It is part of the Microsoft
Windows NT line of
operating systems and was
released on 17 February
2000.
q It was succeeded by
Windows XP in October
2001 and Windows Server
2003 in April 2003.
WINDOW 2000
I m pr ov ements
q Windows Explorer has
been enhanced in several
ways in Windows 2000.
q It is the first Windows NT
release to include Active
Desktop, first introduced
as a part of Internet
Explorer 4.0.
q The Right Pane of
Windows 2000 Explorer,
which usually just lists
files and folders, can also
WINDOW 2000
Va riou s Edit ions
q Windows 2000 Professional
q Windows 2000 Server
q Windows 2000 Advanced
Server
q Windows 2000 Datacenter
WINDOW 2000
W in dow s 2000 Profes s ion al
q Windows 2000 Professional
was designed as the
desktop operating system
for businesses and power
users.
q It is the client version of
Windows 2000.
q It offers greater security
and stability than many of
the previous Windows
WINDOW 2000
W in dow s 2000 Ser ver
q It is more of the same as
Windows 2000 but
contains additional
components for the
computer to perform
server roles and run
infrastructure and
application software.
q Windows 2000 Server
introduced a Domain Name
WINDOW 2000
W in dow s 2000 Adv anced Ser ver
q Windows 2000 Advanced
Server is a variant of
Windows 2000 Server
operating system designed
for Medium-to-Large
businesses.
q It becomes easy to manage
large networks using
Windows 2000 Advance
Server.
q System requirements are
similar to those of
Windows XP
The T rue W indows Experience
q Windows XP is 64-bit
graphical operating
system.
q Windows XP was first
released on 25 October
2001, and over 400
million copies were in use
in January 2008.
q It was codenamed
Whistler, after Whistler,
British Columbia.
Windows XP
New Feat ures
q Faster Start-Up and
Hibernation
Sequences.
q A new and more User-
Friendly Interface .
q Fast User Switching.
q The Clear Type font,
which is designed to
improve text
readability LCD.
q Remote Desktop
Functionality Allowing
Windows XP
The W indows XP D es ktop

Icons

Taskbar

Start
button
Task button
Quick Launch toolbar area
(single-click icons) Notification area
Windows XP
The W indows XP S tar t M en u
q Pinned Items
Items that can be
placed on the start
menu for quick
access.
q Recently Used
Applications
List of Applications
that are used by the
user recently.
q All Program List
Displays the list of
Windows XP
Us in g Th e W indows X P Star t Menu
Click the Start button,
then click on All Programs,
go to and click on Microsoft Office,
then go over,
and click Microsoft Word

Word’s task appears in the

Taskbar
Windows XP
Us in g Th e W indows X P I nt ernet E xplorer
Standard
Buttons
Shortcuts
including,
Refresh, Home,
Back, History,
Favorites,
Address Bar
Here we write the
address/URL to the
required Web Site.
Page Display
Area
This is the area
where the web
Windows XP
Us in g W indows Help an d Suppor t C enter
q Click Start button > Help and
ToSupport
Find Center.
Help:-
Enter
word or
phrase
O to
R a
Click
Hyperlink
O
R a
Click
Topic
Quick Tip
Windows XP
Va riou s Edit ions
q Service Pack 1
• Service Pack 1 for Windows XP
was released on 9 September
2002.
• It was the First Windows XP
release.
q Service Pack 2
• Service Pack 2(codenamed
Springboard) was released on 6
August 2004.
• It had a special emphasis on
security
q Service Pack 3
Windows Vista
A 6 4-b it W indows
q Windows Vista is 64-
bit graphical operating
system
q Windows Vista was
first released on
November 8, 2006.
q The release of
Windows Vista came
more than five years
after the introduction
of its predecessor,
Windows XP, THE
Windows Vista
Ad d- O n featu res as C om pa red to X P
q Windows Vista
contains many
changes and new
features.
q These add-on include:-
• Improved GUI.
• Improved Searching
Features.
• New Multimedia
Creation tools such
as Windows DVD
Maker.
Windows Vista
C om petition with W indows XP
q In July 2008, according to a
marketing manager
working for HP Australia,
Windows XP was still being
chosen over Windows Vista
for the majority of business
V
computer sales.
q Some computer
S
manufacturers have chosen
to ship Windows XP restore
disks along with new
computers with Vista
Windows Vista
Va riou s Vis u al s t yles
q Windows Aero
q Windows Vista Standard
q Windows Vista Basic
q Windows Classic
Windows 7
Va riou s Vis u al s t yles
q Windows is the next
release of Microsoft
Windows.
q Microsoft stated in 2007
that it is planning Windows
7 development for a three-
year time frame starting
after the release of its
predecessor, Windows
Vista, but that the final
release date will be
determined by product
Windows 7
Ad d- on F eatur es
q Windows 7 includes a
number of new features,
including:-
• Touch, Speech, and
Handwriting recognition.
• Support for Virtual Hard
Disks
• Improved Performance
on Multi-core
Processors.
• Improved Boot
Performance
Windows 7
Ad d- on F eatur es in C ontr ol Pa nel
q Windows 7 includes
following Add-on
Features in Control
Panel:-
• Clear Type Text Tuner
• Display Color
Calibration Wizard
• Gadgets
• Data Recovery
• Troubleshooting
• System Icons
• Action Center
Windows 7
Some Scr een Shots
An Over view
Some F ina l W ord s
Operating systems have came a long
way in improving, from command-line to
16-bit, from 32-bit to 64-bit graphics.
The improved GUI and User-friendly
environment is being promoted. The
computer developers are focusing more
to make windows easy for people
having a low computer literacy. After
the experiences from much flopped
Vista and the revolutionary XP,
The Questions
Answer Session
Relevant Questions are
Welcome