The Microsoft PowerPoint is one of the Microsoft Office suites of

programs. It primary function is to produce presentation materials.

To start a PowerPoint program

 Click on the Start button, point to Programs, follow by Microsoft

Office and click on Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003.
Note: For previous version of Office - Click on the Start button, point
to Programs and click on Microsoft PowerPoint.
 Immediately you will see the screen shown below. The right hand
side Getting Started task pane provides help to you.
 If you are not using it, you can click on the Close icon to close it. You
also can start by clicking on Create a new presentation… at the bottom of
the task pane.
 The PowerPoint 2003 screen elements:
To enter text into a presentation

 From the PowerPoint slide pane, there is ‘box’ that labeled ‘Click to
add title’. Just simply click and enter the text there.
 For example, you may enter “This is my first presentation.”
 Then click on ‘Click to add subtitle’ and you also can enter some text
there.
 From the View menu, choose Toolbars and select the toolbar you want to display
(you will see a check mark beside a toolbar when it is visible)

To hide a toolbar
 From the View menu, choose Toolbars
 Select the toolbar you want to hide (you will not see a check mark beside a
toolbar when it is hidden).

The Standard Toolbar

The commonly used action is represented by an icon of the Standard toolbar. When
you put your mouse pointer over an icon, it is highlighted and a descriptive wording
appears. Click the icon/action you want to apply to your slide objects.

The icons on the Standard toolbar and it function:

Icon Function
New To start a new presentation
Open To open a presentation
Save To save a presentation
Permission To sets permissions for opening or changing a presentation
E-mail To send the presentation as an e-mail
Print To print the presentation
Print Preview To change the display to print preview
Spelling To start the spell checker
Search To display the Basic Search Pane
Cut To cut selected text or object to the Clipboard
Copy To copy selected text or object to the Clipboard
Paste To paste the last item from the Clipboard
Format Painter To copy formatting (for duplication purpose)
Undo To undo the last action
Redo To redo the last undo action
Insert Chart To start the Chart Wizard
Insert Table To insert a table
Table and Borders To display the Table and Borders toolbar
Insert Hyperlink To insert a hyperlink
Expand All To expand the title and text for all slides on the Outline tab
Show Formatting To show or hide character formatting
Show/Hide Grid To show or hide gridlines
Color/Grayscale To show the presentation in color, black and white, or grayscale
Zoom To zoom the Slide, Outline tab area, or Slides tab area
To create a new presentation from a design template

 Click the from design template in the New Presentation Pane.

Immediately you will see design templates available below the pane.
For example, if click on Mountain Top template, you will see the slide as
follow:
The background of the slide is included and you just need to insert the
text as you wish.

PowerPoint Slide Headers and Footers

Headers and footers consist of the text, slide or page number, and date
you want at the top or bottom of your slides. You can use headers and
footers on single slides or all slides.

To insert slide Headers and Footers

 From the View menu, click Header and Footer. This will display the
Header and Footer dialog box.
To insert the date and time, tick the Date and time check box.
To add a slide number, tick the Slide number check box.
If you choose to insert the footer, make sure the Footer check box is
checked and type in your desired text.
Click Apply to apply to the current slide. Click Apply to All to apply to
all slides.

Bullets and Numbering

Bullets and Numbering is useful tool to divide your slide into points.
Bullets and numbering come in different styles, sizes, and colors that you
can apply.

The Power Point Drawing Toolbar

The PowerPoint drawing toolbar provides many commands for creating

and editing graphics. The toolbar normally located at the bottom of the
Power Point screen.

To display the drawing toolbar

 From the View menu, point to Toolbars and click on Drawing.Here
are the PowerPoint Drawing toolbar icons and its function:

Enables you to apply different adjustments to the

Draw
objects that you draw.
Enables you to select a particular drawing object.
Select Objects For selecting multiple objects, keep the Shift key
depressed.
Click on the AutoShapes icon to bring up a list of
AutoShapes shape menus. Drag the mouse on to a selected set
of shapes and select one from the list.
Used to draw a line. To draw perfectly horizontal
Line or vertical line, depress the Shift key while
dragging.
Arrow Used to draw a line with an arrowhead on it.
Used to draw a rectangle. To draw perfect square,
Rectangle
depress the Shift key while dragging.
Used to draw an oval. To draw perfect circle,
Oval
depress the Shift key while dragging.
Used to draw a text box into which you can enter
Text Box
text.
Used to draw a vertical text box into which you can
Vertical Text Box
enter the text vertically.
Used to insert different pattern of WordArt to your
Insert WordArt
presentation.
Insert Diagram or
Used to insert diagram or organization chart.
Organization Chart
Insert Clip Art Used to insert clip art.
Used to insert picture from the location that you
Insert Picture
specify.
Used to fill a drawing object with a color or
Fill Color
shading.
Line Color Used to define the line color of a drawing object.
Used to formats the selected text with the color you
Font Color
pick.
Line Style Used to define the line style used by an object.
 Used to define the dashed line style used by an
Dash Style
object.
Arrow Style Used to define the arrow line style.
Click the shadow style you want for the selected
Shadow Style
object.
3-D Style Click the 3D style you want for the selected object.

PowerPoint Slide Design

The PowerPoint Slide Design Pane offers three easy ways to make your
presentation look professional, colorful, and interesting: Design
Templates, Color Schemes, and Animation Schemes.

To apply an Animation Scheme to One Slide

Open the PowerPoint slide where you want to apply the Animation
scheme.
Open the Slide Design – Animation Schemes Task Pane, and select the
animation you want.
The animation will automatically be applied to the current slide.
To apply an Animation Scheme to All Slides
Select the animation you want.
Click on the Apply to All Slides button at the bottom of the Slide
Design – Animation Schemes Task Pane.
DOS - Disk Operating System - is an old operating system prior to
Windows that manages everything on your computer: hardware, memory,
files...
Many people consider DOS ancient history, with the presence of graphic
driven operating systems (GUI - Graphic User Interface)
such as Windows, Mac OS, I bet no one is running DOS as an
operating system.

However, the black box becomes useful when you're stuck with
Windows, so it's sometimes necessary to know the basics of DOS.
Even during the reign of Windows, DOS is still involved in many tasks.
Another reason why you should learn DOS is to overwhelm your friends
with a bunch of cryptic commands just like in the movies!

DOS isn't that complicated, all you need to know is few commands
to list your files, copy, delete, rename, and other stuff...

Command Prompt

You can access DOS from any Windows9.x system (Win95,98)

You have two options, either restart your computer in MS-DOS mode by
pressing on Start>>Shut Down and selecting Restart in MS-DOS mode or
simply clicking MS-DOS Prompt icon located in the Start menu
(Start>>Programs)

MS-DOS Prompt simply simulates DOS while still running Windows.

Type "exit" and you will return to Windows.
If you restarted your computer in MS-DOS mode and typed "exit" you
will have to wait for Windows to load again...

In this tutorial we will be using MS-DOS prompt because we still want to

access stuff in Windows.
To gain quick access to DOS go to Run box and type "command"
a black box will open with the following

To get more comfortable press on Full screen icon

You can always switch back by pressing ALT+<enter> on your keyboard.

What you're seeing now is called the Command Prompt; this is where you
type commands for DOS to execute. DOS requires a lot of typing rather
than mouse clicking.

The "command" keyword you've just typed inside Run box refers
to DOS Command interpreter called command.com
many computer users think that "command.com" is the actual DOS
program, so they carry it with them and discover that it doesn't work on a
computer without DOS.
Command.com is not the actual DOS, it's an interface between you
and DOS that translates the commands you type at the Prompt into
a language "understood" by the computer.
For completeness, the actual DOS program is IO.SYS located at the root
directory
(Drive C:)
IO.SYS is a hidden file; you won't be able to see it in Windows unless
you unhide all files in the root directory.

Listing the files

Now let's return to the Command Prompt.

Type CLS to clear the screen, the copyright line has disappeared.
The first command we learn is for displaying the content of the folder
we're in, by the way, a folder is called a Directory in DOS terms.
To display the directory content type DIR, a series of lines will now
scroll on the page, and you will get something similar to this:

the listing summarizes everything you need to know about the directory
(folder)

The first 3 lines show the drive you're in (C) its Serial Number
and the current directory (C:\WINDOWS\Desktop)
then you get the file listing. Notice the "." and ".." the first dot(.) refers to
current directory and (..) refers to Parent directory,
you will understand this in the next section.

<DIR> means that the item is a directory.

FILE TXT and PROGRAM EXE are files, the first a text file and the
second a program. You can clearly see the size of every file plus
the exact date and time it was created.
The last column shows the filename or directory name.
At the end of listing you get the total number of files and directories
plus the total size of files (without directories) and finally the free
space on your drive.

Every time you want to display the content of a directory type DIR.
Before learning how to explore directories we will take a look at the
directory structure.

Directory structure

The directory structure in DOS is just like the one in Windows.

The drive C represents the root directory written as C:\
nested directories are called Sub-directories.
Everything looks exactly like a tree except the roots are at the top!!
The directory that hosts subdirectories is called Parent directory.
When listing directory content using DIR, (..) refers to Parent directory
so if we're at C:\WINDOWS\Desktop> (.) refers to Desktop and (..) refers
to WINDOWS. If you're wondering whether the dots are useful, the
answer is a straight YES.
The dots are used to navigate or explore the directories.

Suppose you want to switch to WINDOWS directory and apply the DIR
command, you can use the Change Directory command CD, just type
CD... to go to WINDOWS directory.
For the complete listing of commands and usage go to Commands usage
section. The CD command is very useful when you want to navigate in
DOS. To go back to Desktop type CD desktop.

If you follow the tree structure - with Root directory C at the top -
typing cd.. While in Desktop will move you one level up.
If you continue to type cd.. You will eventually reach the top of the tree,
the root directory.

If you type cd.. After you reach the root directory you will get:

C:\>cd..
Invalid directory

Features & restrictions

One interesting feature in DOS is being case "insensitive"

If you used Unix (which is a very powerful operating system), you
will understand what I mean. For Unix a directory called "folder" is
different from another called "Folder", this makes Unix Case Sensitive.
DOS doesn't care whether you type DIR folder or dIr fOlDeR
because they are the same.
You can even begin a DOS commands wherever you like. For instance
you can type the following:

C:\WINDOWS\Desktop> dir myfolder

and still get a listing of directory content.

Although DIR lets you display directory content it is also suitable

for File investigation. To investigate a file called myfile simply type
"dir myfile" and you will get details about the file such as size, date
of creation...

MYFILE TXT 4.400 25/04/00 11:27a myfile.txt

One annoying thing about DOS is that it's restricted to 8 characters,

a filename cannot go beyond 8 chars.
A file called "onelengthyfile.txt" will be cut to "onelen~1.txt"
Although you can still type the long file name while at the Prompt
you should use the short name in case you restarted in MS-DOS mode.

Another restriction is spacing: DOS doesn't support space entries,

so if you type "a file with space.txt" it will be ignored.

Windows doesn't have any problem with spacing, for instance if you
created a file called "a file with space.txt" inside Windows, DOS will
see it "afilew~1.txt".
If you still want to space your words in DOS use the underscore character
"_".

I am sure sometimes you will mistype a command or a filename,

so don't be shocked if you get "Bad command or file name" which means
that DOS didn't find any command of file name matching
your request.

Until now we've learned how to list our files with DIR, navigate
directories with CD and clear the screen when we're done with CLS

Now it's time to play with some DOS commands

Playing with DOS commands

In order to get along with DOS you should learn some basic commands
that you will use to display directory content, copy, rename and delete
files, plus explore other directories (folders).

DOS has two sets of commands the ones called shell commands or
internal commands like DIR, CLS, CD are interpreted by command.com
External commands are separate programs that perform useful tasks such
as Format which is actually format.com

First we will review the basic shell commands or internal commands

then take a look at the most popular external commands.

DOS Shell (internal) commands

DIR

DIR displays the content of the current directory, if you were at

C:\Windows> and typed DIR, Windows directory content is displayed
DIR has many switches and options you can use, for instance typing
DIR *. will only display directories, the wildcard is very useful because
it acts as a filter excluding all files in the current directory.
DIR filename gets the size the of file and date of creation.

CLS

CLS clears the screen moving the cursor back to the top of the screen.

CD or CHDIR

CD or Change Directory is a useful command for exploring directories.

To display the content of the "Help" directory inside "Windows"
directory, type CD help if you were at C:\Windows>

MD or MKDIR

MD (Make Directory) is for creating directories, it's the equivalent to

Windows' "New Folder" command.
If I want to create my own directory at C and call it my folder,
I simply type MD my folder

RD or RMDIR

To get rid of a directory, type RD directory name

DEL or ERASE

DEL allows you to erase a file, but does not apply to directories
External commands

External commands are separate programs (.com or .exe) that perform

tasks, not possible with the shell commands.
For instance DEL can only delete files. Suppose you have a directory
called "folder" that contains many files and subdirectories, applying
DEL folder would only delete files inside "folder" directory, sub-
directories and files inside sub-directories would remain intact. Therefore
an external command called DELTREE was created to do
the job. This command will delete all files and sub-directories.

DOS has many other external commands such as Format, X Copy,

move, considered by lots of people part of the command interpreter.
You know that a command is external if you find a file by its name.
e.g DELTREE is an executable program (deltree.exe) located inside
Windows Command directory (C:\Windows\Command).

In this section we will review most used external commands, for more
about information on command usage, go to Commands usage page.

DELTREE

To delete an entire directory containing files and sub-directories

type DELTREE directory name on the command line.

FDISK

Fdisk lets you partition a brand new hard drive and configure it
to run with DOS. Sometimes you need to re-partition your hard
drive after a virus infection. Type FDISK/status to check your
Hard Drive partition status.

FORMAT

After running Fdisk you'll need to format your hard drive so you can save
files on it. Format can be used with all sorts of disks (hard drives,
floppies...) Although most floppies come pre-formatted, it's sometimes
necessary to format a floppy to erase all data and remove viruses. Format
is normally handled by Windows, but if the computer crashes you're only
left with DOS. Make sure you always keep a bootable diskette in a safe
place. To make a bootable floppy or startup disk,
press Start>>Settings>>Control Panel then double-clickAdd/Remove
Programs, in the next window switch to "Startup Disk" tab and
press Create Disk... Follow the instruction, make sure the disk is empty.
To format a disk from DOS, type FORMAT A: at the command line,
remember that everything on the disk will be erased.
Go to Commands usage page for more information on format usage and
bootable disks.

ATTRIB

This command sets file attributes, in Windows you can set a file as
Archive, Read-only, or Hidden. In DOS you can do the same even set the
file as a System file.
To see the file's attributes type ATTRIB filename
The command is quite easy to use, to set an attribute use (+) sign
to remove an attribute use (-)

R is for Read-only
A is for Archive
S is for System
H is for Hidden

e.g To set the attribute of myfile.txt to read-only and hidden

type ATTRIB +R +H myfile.txt

CHKDSK

A utility that checks disks for errors.

Today Scandisk is used because it is more reliable.
Type CHKDSK to check your hard drive for errors, once again
I recommend using Scandisk.

DISKCOPY

Use this command to copy the content of one floppy to another. Windows
users can right-click the floppy, select Copy Disk...
Although we all use Windows in our daily computer tasks, but if one day
you were in a hurry, you'd better use DOS to copy your files.
With all the glory of Windows, DOS is faster !!
Type DISKCOPY a: b: to make a copy of your floppy content.
Use /V to double check the files that are copied.

DOSKEY
The useful DOSKey is in fact an external command, DOSKEY.COM.
Type DOSKEY at command line to install the DOSKEY utility.
We will discuss the command's options later.
NOTE: When you exit the command prompt DOSKEY is Reset.

EDIT

This is DOS Editor, EDIT.COM. To open any file with the editor,
type EDIT filename.
EDIT is a very handy program, quite easy to use. It has a search/replace
feature plus possibility to change layout like
background and Text color.

FC

FC allows you to compare files and display differences between them,

something Windows cannot do. (Of course you can install a program to
do the job more efficiently)
To compare two files simply type FC firstfile secondfile.

FIND

Searches for a text string in text file(s)

e.g FIND "word" c:\windows\file.txt will search for the string "word"
inside file.txt To know more about switches go to Commands Usage.

LABEL

Puts a label on your drive or disk e.g LABEL A: (while having a floppy
in drive a:) will allow you to specify a name for your floppy so it would
appear when you apply DIR, You can use up to 11 chars.

MEM

To display available memory on your system, type MEM.

MORE

Displays the content of a file to the screen then pauses and prints "more"
at the end. Press any key to continue printing the file content to the
screen. e.g Suppose you've typed a command and got a series of line
scrolling and you didn't catch anything, just type | more at the end of the
command to pause the display.

MOVE

Allows you to move a file from one location to another.

e.g MOVE filename c:\windows\desktop
You can also specify a different filename after moving the file.
e.g MOVE filename c:\windows\desktop\anothername

SORT

Sorts the content of a text file Alphabetically.

e.g SORT/+3 > file will sort input from the keyboard based
on third char. Go to Commands usage for usage and options.

SUBST

Allows you to create virtual hard drives. For instance you can set
c:\myfolder as drive D:\(make sure you don't have any drive D:\)
SUBST D: c:\myfolder
Open My Computer and check Drive D: Even if you exit command
prompt the drive remains listed.
To reset the virtual drive type SUBST d: /D
You cannot apply any of the following commands to your virtual hard
drive: CHKDSK - DISKCOPY - FDISK - FORMAT - LABEL - SYS
Which is quite logical since you don't have any real disk it's just an
assignment to a directory.

SYS

Copies MS-DOS system files and Command interpreter to a disk

you specify. SYS locationOfSystemFiles drive
e.g To transfer system files from C to A, type: SYS C: A:

XCOPY

XCopy copies directories and subdirectories unlike Copy which

only copy files. XCopy can also be used as a backup utility.
XCOPY /S folder c:\myfolder\ will copy the content of "folder" including
sub-directories to "myfolder". Go to Commands usage
for more options.
CHOICE

CHOICE is used in Batch files programming and allows to specify a set

of choices for the user to choose from. More details when we review
Batch file commands.

Commands usage

Most DOS commands have switches or options that extend their

capabilities. For instance using /P with DEL will ask you to confirm
before deleting any file, this prevents you from accidently deleting
files on your system.
In this section we will take a look at both Internal and External
commands and see how to control their output.
Commands are grouped according to their nature (shell, external).

Shell/Internal commands usage

DIR | CD/CHDIR | DEL/ERASE | COPY | TYPE

DIR [FullFilePath] [DisplayFormat] [Attributes] [SortOrder]

[FullFilePath]: Specifies the path to the file e.g c:\windows\tips.txt

[DisplayFormat]:Controls the display format.

/P will list information by pages and pauses after each screen.

/W will display information horizontally on the screen width.
/S lists files in specified directory and all subdirectories.
/B lists full filenames without format, no header & summary info.
/L uses lowercase in listing files.
/V displays full information such as space allocated, attribute,
date accessed & modified
/4 uses 4 digits to display year (ignored if /V is used).

[Attributes]: Acts like a filter, so you can display only archive, hidden,
ready-only or system files. Use /A: or /A first to specify an attribute.
D Directories
R Read-only files
H Hidden files
A Files ready for archiving
S System files
- Prefix meaning not

[SortOrder]: Sorts files for better analysis, use /O: or /O to specify

a sorting order.

N In alphabetical order (numbers first)

S By size (smallest first)
E By extension (alphabetic)
D By date & time (earliest first)
G Displays directory first
- Reverses order of listing.
A By Last Access Date (earliest first)

PS: Use the prefix "-" to reverse the order of listing, for instance
typing /o-n will list files from Z to A

[examples]
DIR C:\myfolder /a:r /o:-n /p

The command will list files located inside "myfolder" at root directory
(C:\) that have a read-only attribute (/a:r) by reverse alphabetical
order (/o:-n) and by page. (if the listing exceeds the screen height).

CHDIR or CD [drive:][path][..] [...] [\]

[drive] Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified

drive. Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and
directory.

[path] The full path to the file.

[..] Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory.

[...] Moves 3 directories up, only available from MS-DOS Prompt,

use a dots per directory.
.
[\] Sends you to root directory no matter where you are.
[examples]
CD.... (while at C:\Windows\Help\Images)

The command will move you to the root directory.

Remember that this command works only at MS-DOS Prompt and
not with the actual DOS (in case you've restarted in DOS mode)

DEL or ERASE [drive:][path]filename [/P]

[drive] Specifies the drive where the file are located.

[path] The full path to the file(s) to delete.

Use wildcards (*) to delete specific file types.

[/P] Prompts for confirmation before deletion.

[.] Deletes of all files in the current directory.

[examples]
DEL *.txt /P

This will delete all files with .txt extension (text files)
in the current directory.

DEL .
Be careful with this command, it will delete every file
in the current directory.

NOTE: You'd better use /P when deleting files.

COPY [/A or /B] source [/A | /B] [+]

destination [/V] [/Y or /-Y]
[/A | /B] specifies whether you're copying an ASCII (text) file
or BINARY file.

[+] Use the (+) to copy multiple files in one destination file.

[/V] Double-checks the files being copied, verifying their integrity.

[/Y or /-Y] Use /-Y to get a warning when you're overwriting a file,
/Y suppresses the overwriting confirmation.

[examples]
COPY /A file1.txt+file2.txt C:\folder\final.txt /V /-Y
The command above copies the content of file1.txt and file2.txt
in ASCII mode since both are text file to the destination
c:\folder\final.txt verifying the integrity of the files (/V) and warns
in case a file called final.txt already exists in that location.

TYPE [drive:][path]filename [|more] [> file]

[drive:] specifies the drive from where you're copying an ASCII (text) or
BINARY file.

[path] full path to the file.

[|more] Although TYPE doesn't have any switches, this syntax allows the
screen to Pause after each display instead of listing the full content of a
file. This is quite useful when you have a lengthy file.

[> file] Redirects the output to a text file, nothing appears on the screen,
data is saved to the specified text file.

[examples]
TYPE onebigfile | more

This will display the content of "onebigfile" and pauses after each screen
full of data.