Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
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CONTENTS
I. INTRUCTION
1.1. Rationale
II. DEVELOPMENT
2.3.1.1. It
2.3.1.2. There
2.3.1.3. One
2.3.1.4. You
III. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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I. INTRUCTION
1.1. Rationale
When Immanuel Kant said in 1785 that “a person is a subject whose actions
can be imputed to him/her” he meant a subject in the sense of the do-er of a
verb, an active entity which was the source of its own actions and was
morally responsible for those actions. The sense of “subject” I take to mean
the type of answer to the subject-question: “who does?”
The primary aim of the study is to give students of English, who would be
translators, an overview of frequently seen applications of English and
Vietnamese subject. The study also aims at giving some notes of those-
which can deal with confusing of using proper vocabulary in translation. The
targeted subjects of this study are mainly students; nevertheless, all people
who are interested in translation work can consider it a useful data helping
improve their translation skill. In addition, the study touches upon a field of
study that is sill rather insufficient in Vietnam for further discussion by other
researchers.
Because of space and time limitation, the study can not cover the whole
aspects of subject sentence in English as well as in Vietnamese equivalents.
Thus, we only focus on researching some aspects mentions in the Contents.
The study was carried out by collecting data from books, e-book and
information from previous researcher and from internet.
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II. DEVELOPMENT
2.1. Definition of subject
Although nouns and noun phrases most frequently function as the subject of
sentences, other grammatical forms can perform the grammatical function of
subject in the English language such as: verb phrases, preposition phrases,
adjectives, clauses, idioms, quotations, etc.,
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Neither John nor I trust him. Cả tôi và John đều không tin anh ta
Verb phrases as subjects
To read is easier than to write. Đọc thì dễ hơn viết
Walking makes me feel better. Tản bộ làm tôi thấy thoải mái
Questioned a lot makes her confused Bị hỏi quá nhiều làm cô ta thấy bối rối
Whom to hire is a difficult question.
My drinking milk pleases my mother.
Preposition phrases as subjects
After nine is a good time to ring. Gần sáng là lúc mọi người ngủ say
In March is good to marry. Sang tháng 3 là bước vào mùa cưới
In the cave is dark Trong hang rất tối.
Behind the garage is a muddy mess Đằng sau gara toàn sình lầy
Under the bed needs cleaning Dưới gậm giường rất bẩn
Above the freezer needs dusted Từ Hà Nội tới Hải Phòng là 105km
Between seven and nine is when Khoảng từ 7-9h là lúc công nhân
employees must arrive. phải có mặt
Adjectives as subjects
Cần cù, chịu khó là đức tính tốt đẹp của nhân dân việt nam.
Clauses as subjects: In these cases, clauses can also perform almost all
the other functions as noun phrases.
Cách mạng tháng 8 / thành công
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đem lại độc lập, tự do cho dân tộc.
What he said is valuable Những gì ông nói đều rất có giá trị
The man I met last night was Cái gã tớ gặp tối qua cực kỳ thú vị
interesting
All books you need are in the Những sách em cần đều có trong thư
library viện cả.
Idioms, quotations, slogans, mottos… as subjects
Today, “Do you... Yahoo!?” becomes Slogan “Hãy nói theo cách của bạn”
popular to younger generations dần trở nên phổ biến với người sử
dụng mạng điện thoại di động ở VN.
I love you is often heard these days. “Biết rồi, khổ lắm, nói mãi” đã trở
thành câu nói bất hủ của cụ cố Hồng
In that situation, to have a good head on Chỉ tay năm ngón chẳng bao giờ
one’s shoulders became her weak side. được việc cả.
“No smoking” is seen in everywhere Biển báo “Cấm dẫm lên cỏ” dường
như vô hình với đại đa số người dân
khu vực quanh đây.
Most statements begin with the subject. However, many questions begin
with a word that is part of the complete predicate.
The predicate also precedes the subject in statements beginning with There
is, There are, Here is, or Here are.
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Although learning is valued, the children
in the middle
complained about the amount of homework.
at the end There are the children.
not stated Do your homework. (You)
You may also simplify the task of identifying subjects by identifying any
prepositional phrases.
Impersonal pronouns, such as: it, there, you, one do not refer to particular
things or replacement of previous one
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With the role of impersonal subject in the sentence, they have no exactly
equivalent meanings in Vietnamese. Thus, they will be translated into
Vietnamese differently in each case.
2.3.1.1. It
2.3.1.2. There: After “there” you use a form of “be” and a noun group.
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something: bread. lắm
Something There's a meeting every Hàng tuần, có một buổi
that happens week gặp họp
There are forty of us, I Tôi cho là chúng tôi có
think 40 người
A number There is a great deal of Có rất nhiều người tức
anger about his giận vì quyết định của
or amount
decision. anh ta.
2.3.1.3. One
When the pronoun one is used in the numerical sense, a different pronoun
can be used in a subsequent reference.
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• We watched as one [of the ospreys] dried its feathers in the sun.
• One [driver] pulled her car over to the side.
2.3.1.4. You
“You” is often used in general statements when we are talking about anyone,
at any time. “You” is directed to the listener. It does not include the speaker.
“You” as an impersonal pronoun is informal.
(In the class, teacher tells to her students) You should try your best if you
want to gain the scholarship
Generally, but always, the subject comes before the verb, as in the entire
examples above. There are, however, exceptions, like these in following
cases:
2.3.2.1. In questions
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"Have you eaten breakfast yet?" Are you ready?"
It was the final goal of the game that determined the state championship
Striking students who miss exams will be given fail marks” said the
vice-chancellor Ms Anna
Only after understanding the situation does the teacher make a comment.
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2.3.2.6. In negative constructions: Everybody knows "not". Other negative
constructions are possible. Because English does not allow double or triple
negatives, it is important to avoid using "not" with other negative
constructions. When "not" is included, use the affirmative forms of other
adverbs:
“Should you need a hand, I will be more than happy to help you.”
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Single form may be converted to plural one or vice versa:
His advice is always helpful Những lời khuyên của anh luôn rất bổ ích
Sl. Pl
III. CONCLUSION
All in all, this study is carried out so as to give the learners an overview
about subject in English and Vietnamese application, help them find the way
of translation it effectively. By dealing mainly the overview of subject and
some notes on English and Vietnamese application, we want to show that to
translate is not difficult if we master its realization, position function of
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subject. Hopefully, our work will be helpful for the learners in studying
academic translation.
REFERENCES
1. Dao Minh Thu. Dao Thi Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Mai Van, Le Kim Ngan, Le
Thanh Huong, Nguyen Phuong Tai, Do Ba Lam (2010) “Tap quy tac cu
phap Tieng Viet”, SP8.5 –Đề tài KC.01.01.05/06-10
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3. http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/subject.htm
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_(grammar)
5. http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/agr_pronouns.html
6. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/one.htm
7. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/function/position.htm
8. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=193816
9. http://home.mira.net/~andy/works/subject.htm
10. http://www.english4dummies.com/grammar/typesofsubject.html
11.http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?
hl=vi&q=cache:sshlwtBuMzwJ:http://www.english-for-
students.com/Subject-Verb-
Inversion.html+subject+verb+inversion+In+questions+(routinely)&ct=clnk
Members of Group
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5. Trần Thị Thu (K14C)
Class: K14C
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