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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Bismillahirahmannirrahim.
Assalamualaikum.
Thank you.
CONTENT PAGE
GRAMMAR NOTES OF NOUNS
A. GENDER
B. Relationship
[ Belows are some common relationship between people ]
RELATIONSHIP
Aunt/uncle Nephew/niece
Boss/employee Worker/employee
Buyer Seller
Doctor/dentist Patient
Driver Passenger
Customer/diner Waiter/waitress
Father/mother Son/daughter
Giver Receiver/taker
grandparent Grandchildren
Host/hostess guest
husband Wife
Landlord/landlady Tenant
lawyer client
Master/mistress Servant
parent Child
shopkeeper Customer
teacher Pulis
C. Collective Nouns
Examples
1) People
A band of musicians a field of athletes
A bench of magistrates a gang of thieves
A bevy of beauties a horde of savages
A board of directors a host of angels
A company of actors a party of friends
A choir of singers a posse of policemen
A class of pupils a staff of teachers
A crew of sailors a team of players
A crowd of spectators a tribe of natives
2. Animals
3.Things
D FORMING NOUN
[ Noun can be formed from other words by adding suffixes to them as shown in
the examples below]
E) FORMING PLURAL
[ Countable Nouns can be in the singular or plural form.The plural form is used
when talking about number(more than one) of people,animal or things.they are
formed in the followings ways]
Singular Plural
Class Classes
glass Glasses
ash Ashes
brush brushes
dish dishes
branch branches
church churches
box Boxes
fox Foxes
3)By adding ‘y’ into ‘ies’ in word ending ‘y’ if the ‘y’ is next to a consonant.
Singular Plural
army Armies
baby Babies
city Cities
lady Ladies
pony Ponies
story Stories
Singular Plural
day Days
Boy Boys
key Keys
monkey Monkeys
valley Valleys
way ways
Singular Plural
calf Calves
half Halves
leaf Leaves
thief thieves
wife Wives
Singular Plural
Buffalo Buffaloes
Echo Echoes
Hero Heroes
Mango Mangoes
Mosquito Mosquitoes
Negro Negroes
Potato Potatoes
tomato Tomatoes
Singular Plural
Foot Feet
Goose Geese
Louse Lice
Mouse Mice
Tooth Teeth
Woman Women
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Examples:
B Uncountable Nouns
We can only count them if we put them intp something like a glass, packet.or
sack
Examples
NOUNS OF PLACES
1. Puan Lina keeps all her clothes in the………………………………
6. Susan was badly hurt in the accident and she lost a lot of……………..
[ A pronoun replace a noun.It never appears with the noun it replace.There are
many types of pronouns as shown below.]
1. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
USAGE EXAMPLES
2. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
USAGE EXAMPLES
To show that the subject and the object 1. The old man dragged
are the same (They usually appear after himself up the stairs.
the subject which can be a noun or 2. Mr Wong lives by himself
pronoun) now.
3. The little girl is playing by
herself.
3. EMPHATIC PRONOUNS
USAGE EXAMPLES
To emphasise the fact that action is 1. Mary herself saw the
carried out by the subject (they appear accident.
immediately after the subject which can 2. You yourself should ober
be a noun or pronoun.) traffic rules.
3. The dog itself killed the
cobra in our garden.
4. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
USAGE EXAMPLES
5. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
USAGE EXAMPLES
To ask questions 1. Who is in the kitchen ?
2. Whose bag is this ?
3. What is the time, please ?
4. Where is the post office ?
5. When are you going home ?
6. How are you feeling today ?
6. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
USAGE EXAMPLES
To join sentences together.they refer to 1. Mary is the girl who helped me.
the noun in the first sentence. 2. The bird that has a broken wing is
hopping about.
3. Do you know the lady who lost her
car ?
7. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS.
USAGE EXAMPLES
8. RE
To refer to persons or things without 1. Nobody is absent today.
naming them. 2. Nothing could be done to save the
drowning boy.
3. One must always be honest.
RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS.
USAGE EXAMPLES
To link the subject of two sentences 1. Tom and Jane love each other.
together. 2. People should always help one
another.
3. The three boys get along well with
one another.
8. My siblings and I are very close .We get on very well with……………………
A. everyone C. ourselves
B. one another D. them
A. TYPES OF ADVERBS
1. Adverbs of place.
USAGE EXAMPLES
2. Adverbs of time
USAGE EXAMPLES
3. Adverbs of manner.
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tell us how an action is carried out. 1. The children are playing happily.
2. The old woman climbed slowly the
stairs.
3. We must never speak rudely to
anyone.
4. Adverbs of degree.
USAGE EXAMPLES
5. Adverbs of frequency.
USAGE EXAMPLES
6. Adverbs of interrogation.
USAGE EXAMPLES
USAGE EXAMPLES
B. POSITION OF ADVERBS.
USAGE EXAMPLES
VERBS ADVERBS
act quickly suspiciously strangely
answer correctly immediately Politely
apologise sincerely humbly Repeatedlt
argue heatedly constantly furiously
attack violently savagely suddenly
behave disgracefully shamefully well
bleed profusely freely slightly
change completely suddenly surprisingly
decide carefully eventually Unanimously
defend bravely anxiously Valiantly
drive carefully Recklessly slowly
explain clearly carefully Concisely
fight bravely anxiously Violently
injure accidently fatally seriously
laugh heartily loudly Joyfully
listen attentively carefully Indifferently
remember clearly distinctly Vaguely
shout joyfully loudly Angrily
smile broadly happily Shyly
speak clearly distinctly Plainly
spend freely Lavishly Sparingly
wait anxiously longingly Patiently
walk briskly clumsily smartly
work efficiently willingly tirelessly
write neatly legibly Clearly
D. COMPARISON OF ADVERBS
Insert the adverbs in bracketsin a suitable place in each of the sentences below.
Then write the sentences in the space provided.
………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Seng Kee’s composition is well written. ( extremely )
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………….
8. When Razak saw the drowning boy, he dived into the pool to save him.
( immediately ).
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
10. The farmer shouted at the boys because he caught them stealing mangoes
from his orchard. ( angrily )
……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
GRAMMAR NOTES OF ADJECTIVES
A. TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
USAGE EXAMPLES
2. Adjectives of quality.
USAGE EXAMPLES
B. POSITION OF ADJECTIVES
Examples.
* They can appears after certain verbs.(‘ be’ , ‘look’ , ‘feel’ , ‘taste’ , ‘ smell’,
‘seem’, ‘appears’)
Examples
1. David is handsome.
(V) (adj)
Comparison
USAGE EXAMPLES
Compares two things which are the 1. Ann is as tall as her mother already.
same. 2. This painting is as expensive as that
( Formation : as + adjective + as ) one.
3. My bag is as heavy as yours.
Compares two things which are not the 1. Siti is not as tall as her mother yet.
same. 2. This painting is not as expensive as
( Formation : not + as + adjective + as ) that one.
3. My bag is not heavy as yours.
2. THE COMPATARIVE DEGREE.
USAGE EXAMPLES
Compares two things which are not the 1. Salmi is taler than Ayu.
same. 2. Karim’s hair is longer than mine.
( Formation : 1. adjective + ‘er’ + than 3. My watch is more expensive than
yours.
2. more + adjective + than 4. This chair is more comfortable than
that one.
USAGE EXAMPLES
Compares three or more things which 1. Rohan is the tallest bot in the class.
are not the same. 2. Who is the richest man in the world?
( Formation : 1. the + adjective + ’est” 3. This is the most wonderful day of
my life.
2. the + most + adjective 4. Is this the most expensive painting in
the shop?
EXERCISES OF ADJECTIVES.
( happiest )
Example : Today is the …………………….(happy) day of my life