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We take notes to help us to remember information. Sometimes, we need to copy information exactly: e.g.
quotations, definitions and formulae.
Notemaking provides a framework within which we can think about, organise and recall relevant points and
ideas.
Your notes are your personal response to a lecture or a text, and it is to your advantage to make them as
useful as possible.
LECTURE NOTES
The following suggestions will enable you to develop a noting technique which will serve your needs.
· Head page with topic, subject, lecturer and date. Number and date sequential pages for each
lecture.
· Allow a wide margin, and space between sections for writing in inserts and comments later.
· Use one side of the paper only.
· Work out the lecturer’s format. How does the lecture begin? Is there a blackboard plan?
Diagrams to copy? Does she reiterate key points? Does he summarise at the end? All this
helps you to structure your notes.
· Use abbreviations whenever possible. (See Percy, D. Study Tatics p.7 for suggestions). Be
consistent to avoid confusion.
· Write by phrases rather than whole sentences. Don’t quote at length – you’ll lose the next
points.
· Spend time at the end on detailed diagrams and graphs, rather than miss noting important
issues.
· Revise your notes and underline or highlight key points as soon as possible. This is very
important.
In cases where material needs to be learned and consolidated for tests or exams, students sometimes rewrite
lecture notes. It is a matter of choice.
If your lecturer is presenting you with arguments and ideas on a topic,
your notes may include:
· the lecturer’s thesis;
· supporting and conflicting evidence;
· sources and references cited;
· questions raised in the lecture.
Sometimes personal comments beside the notes will help you later.
BE SELECTIVE IN YOUR RESEARCH NOTES
Analyse your assignment topic before making notes. You are rarely
asked to write down all you can think of about a topic. Usually you
are required to show that you can interpret and use information to
answer a specific question.
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You will save a lot of time if your approach to the question is well directed from the start. Information on
question analysis and effective reading can be found in other leaflets in this series.
Here are some practical suggestions on noting from texts.
· Choose either index cards or A4 paper. Use one side only.
· Head page with topic and date.
· Record full bibliographic details for later use.
· Leave a margin and good spacing for later comments and highlighting.
· You can also use the margin for headings that will direct your revision.
· Use subheadings and colour contrasts where appropriate.
· Note chapter and page as you progress through a text.
· Whenever possible use your own wording to reach an understanding of the reading.
· Keep your notes to a minimum.
· If you need to use an exact, short quotation, copy it down accurately. Its source will need to be
properly acknowledged in your paper.
· Avoid writing out large slabs of material by hand. Photocopy these and mark them to highlight key
points. Label clearly with topic, date and bibliographic details as applicable. Store with your other
notes.
· Organise and file your notes under subject and topic headings. This can be done alphabetically
with a filing system, with clearly marked or coloured folders, or any way that works well for you.
· Store carefully. Your notes are irreplaceable.
If your notes seem like random pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, put them under the headings of your main points.
When you see where they all fit, they will make a lot more sense.
Add your own thoughts and questions as well as relevant points from your lecture notes.
Use your notes not only for essaywriting, but also for revision.
Before examinations you should be able to adapt the ideas, issues and facts in your notes to prepare for
alternative questions on a topic.
Of course, all of this sounds good, but will you be tempted to put it into practice? If your own method is working
well – great! If it’s not, it’s time to change!
1. Be aware of your PURPOSE
Are you reading to develop an approach (or thesis) in response to an essay question?
Are you reading to find support for and/or identify problems with a thesis you already have?
Are you reading to find out about, clarify and/or extend your understanding of a topic or concept?
Are you reading to find out about, clarify and/or extend your understanding of a particular writer’s
approach to a topic or concept?
Are you reading to remind yourself of information already covered?
2. Use the text to suit your purpose
Survey the text to identify:
Whether it is relevant to your purpose.
How much relevant material it contains.
Where the relevant material is.
Clues to look for in surveying a text include:
Table of contents, subheadings in chapters, index.
Pictures, diagrams, tables.
Chapter summaries, introductions and conclusions.
Topic sentences in paragraphs.
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Bibliographies and lists of reference.
Once relevant areas have been identified, being with them. Your study may reveal further areas of
relevance in the text.
3. Notes must reflect your purpose
A note should include information as to WHY you recorded it (i.e. “this quote supports the argument
that…”)
If the note is for an essay, write the paragraph the note will be in (this will help you sort our why you
are taking the note – and speeds up the writing process!)
Relate notes to the topic you are studying – organise them under topic headings.
4. Technical Skills
Begin by heading up the page with the topic and date (i.e. notes for essay, 3/9)
Divide the page in half. Head up the left column with the bibliographic information of the text you are
using. Use brightly coloured lines to show where notes from one text end and notes from a new text
begin.
When note taking for an essay, set up a bibliography page in your notebook (or on computer).
Record full bibliographical details for all texts you use. This can then be easily transcribed for the
final essay.
Use the left hand column for quotes and paraphrases from text. Use right hand column for your
thoughts on this material (i.e. paragraphs you could use in essay). Leave white space between each
notation.
Differentiate between quotes (word for word copies of material from texts) and paraphrases (an ideas
from a text written in your own words). This can be done by using quotation marks in your notes (only
when you have quoted word for word).
Record page numbers when you quote or paraphrase. The exception would be when you summarise
the main point of a whole chapter or article.
Further reading
Clanchy J. and Ballard B. Essay Writing for Students, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 1981.
Marshall, L.A. and Rowland, F. A Guide to Learning Independently, Longman Cheshire Pty. Ltd, Melbourne,
1981
Written by the South Australian College of Advanced Education Study Skills Project Team, Student and Community
Services Unit, 1986
© Student Learning Support Service
Victoria University of Wellington | www.vuw.ac.nz/st_services/slss | +64 4 4635999