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FIRE is a rapid oxidization of materials with the evaluation of
heat and light or an exothermic chemical reaction resulting
from the combination of fuel, heat and oxygen.

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FIRE is the sufficient combination of heat oxygen and fuel

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FIRE is as old as human civilization. Fire of controlled nature

has been part and parcel of day-to-day life.
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FIRE does not happen by chance. it requires four different
elements, and all four must be present in order for a fire to take
place.

‡fuel (any combustible materials)

‡oxygen (16% of the air)
‡heat (for instance, a match or spark)
‡the chemical reaction that results from fuel, oxygen
and heat mixing in the right quantity, at the right time.
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>he fire triangle gives the essentials for combustion. Heat,
oxygen & fuel when these three occur in the right proportion
simultaneously there is fire or explosion. if one is taken away,
fire or explosion no longer exists.

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Invisible products of combustion given off. No visible smoke,
flame or heat

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óombustion products now visible as smoke. Flame or heat still
not present.

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ctual fire now exists. ppreciable heat not present but follows
almost instantaneously.
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lncontrolled heat and it is rapidly expanding in space.


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>he rate of combustion varies from substance to substance and
is described as slow, rapid and spontaneous.
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 chemical reaction accompanied by slow evolution of heat but
not by light, is slow combustion. E.g. cotton waste burning in
an in ventilated place.
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 chemical reaction accompanied by a rapid evolution of heat
and in many causes by an appreciable amount of light is called
rapid combustion. E.g. petroleum products.
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It is a combustion occurring as a result of heat by the
absorption of the atmospheric oxygen at ordinary temperature,
without the application of external source of heat provided
supported of combustion is present. E.g. paint, scraps, coal,
dust etc... Some times spontaneous combustion is also
occurred due to chemical reaction.

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First visible red - 535oc
Dull red - 700oc
óherry red - 900oc
Dull orange - 1100oc
Orange-yellow - 1200oc
White - 1300oc
Bright white - 1400oc
Dazzling white - 1500Oóc
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cWhere the nature of the gas is unknown a self

contained breathing apparatus preferable of the close
circuit type should be worn before entering the
gaseous atmosphere.

cpproach should be made from the wind ward side,

where possible.

cll people to be evacuated, starting from the leeward

side.

cIf the gas is leaking from the cylinder without burning,

action should first to be taken to stop the leak. Where
the gas is soluble in water, such as ammonia or sulphur
dioxide and the use of water will not cause serious
damage.

cIf the gas is already burning it may be dangerous to

extinguish and the gas should be allowed to flow and
burn, as otherwise an explosive mixture may be
formed with air, which if ignited may cause far
greater damage.
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Light Hazard ² Residential, Educational, Institutional
Ordinary Hazard ² ssembly, business, mercantile.
High hazard ² Industrial, storage, hazardous
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