AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

ELECTRICAL MACHINES
ASSIGNMENT -1

1. Draw a neat diagram of a DC machine and label the component parts. Also
explain the function of each part.

2. Write short note on: Principle of operation of a DC machine.

3. Explain how commutator works in a DC machine?

4. Briefly describe the function of interploes in a DC machine.

5. Explain the various types of DC generator with their generated voltage equation
in terms of load terminal voltage and drop in armature, brushes and various fields.

6. Derive the e.m.f.. equation of a DC generator.

7. Give the comparative summary of Lap and Wave winding and write the uses of
these windings.

8. For a 4 poles DC armature with 28 slots and 8 coil sides per slot, find the winding
pitches and the commutator pitch for a wave winding. What is the distance
between brushes in terms of commutator segments?

9. A shunt generator delivers 450 A at 230 V and the resistance of the shunt field and
armature are 50 Ω and 0.03 Ω respectively. Calculate the generated e.m.f.

10. A short shunt compound generator delivers a load current of 30 A at 220 V,

and has armature, series field of shunt field resistances of 0.05Ω, 0.30Ω and
200Ω respectively. Calculate the induced e.m.f. and the armature current.
Allow 1.0 V per brush for contact drop.

11. A four-pole generator, having wave-wound armature has 51 slots each slot
containing 20 conductors. What will be the voltage generated in machine when
driven at 1500 rpm assuming the flux per pole to be 7.0m Wb.

12. A separately excited generator, when running at 1000 rpm supplied 200 A at 125
V. what will be the load current when the speed drops to 800 rpm. If If is
unchanged? Given that the armature resistance =0.04 Ω and brush drop =2V.

13. A 4 pole long-shunt lap wound generator supplies 25 KW at a terminal voltage of

500 V. the armature resistance is 0.03Ω, series field resistance is 0.04Ω and shunt
 field resistance is 200Ω. The brush drop may be taken as 1.0V. Determine the
e.m.f. generated. Calculated also the no. of conductor if the speed is 1200rpm and
flux per pole is 0.02 Wb.

14. A 4 pole, lap-wound, DC shunt generator has a useful flux per pole of 0.07
Wb. The armature winding consists of 220 turns each of 0.004 Ω resistances.
Calculate the terminal voltage when running at 900 rpm, if the armature current
is 50 A.

15. A 440V DC shunt motor has armature resistance of 0.8Ω and field resistance of
200Ω. Determine the back e.m.f. when giving an output of 7.46kW at 85%
efficiency.

16. A 25KW, 250V, DC shunt generator has armature and field resistances of 0.06Ω
and 100Ω respectively. Determine the total armature power developed when
working (i) as a generator delivering 25 kW output and (ii) as a motor taking 25
kW input.

17. A 4-pole, 220 V shunt motor has 540 lap wound conductor. It takes 32 A from the
supply mains and develops output power of 5.595kW. The field winding takes 1A,
the armature resistance is 0.9Ω and the flux per pole is 30 mWb. Calculate (i) the
speed and (ii) the torque developed in Newton meter.

18. A DC series motor takes 40 A at 220V and runs at 800rpm. If the armature and
field resistances are 0.2Ω and 0.1Ω respectively and the iron and friction losses
are 0.5 kW, find the torque developed in the armature. What will be the output of
the motor?

19. A 500 V DC shunt motor when cold has a field resistance of 200Ω and an armature
resistance of 0.15Ω. The motor runs at a no-load speed of 1000 rpm under cold
conditions. After remaining continuously loaded at a load current of 70 A, field
and armature temperatures rise to 40° C above the ambient temperature of
20°C. Calculate the motor speed under hot conditions. The temperature coefficient
of copper =1/234.5 per C at 0° C. (Ans: 1068.6 rpm)

20. A 220V DC shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.3Ω and a field resistance
of 200Ω. The motor runs at 800 rpm with an armature current of 40 A. What
resistance must be inserted in the field circuit to raise the motor speed to
1050 rpm, the load torque remaining constant? Assume linear magnetization
characteristic.
(Ans : 68Ω)
21. 115 V DC shunt motor an armature current of 25 A when running at 1500 rpm at
full- load torque. Motor armature circuit resistance is 0.3Ω. An additional
resistance of 0.6 Ω is introduced in the armature circuit when the motor is
operating at half full-load torque. Find the % change in the shunt field resistance
which would cause the motor to have a speed to 1400 rpm.
(Ans: 3.5% reduction)

22. A 15 kW, 220 V, 1200 rpm, 4-pole, DC shunt motor has 620 conductors connected
as wave winding yielding an armature circuit resistance of 0.18Ω. When
delivering rated power at rated voltage and speed, it draws a line current of 79.8 A
and a field current of 2.6 A. Calculate.
(a) Flux/pole, (Ans: 8.31 mWb)
(b) Developed torque, (Ans: 126.6Nm)
(c) Rotational losses (Ans: 903W)
(d) Total losses and efficiency. (Ans: 2548W, 85.5%)
 AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
ASSIGNMENT -2

1. Find the mechanical & electrical degrees between adjacent poles in a 6-pole
electrical machine.

2. Find the mechanical & electrical degrees between adjacent slots in a 4-pole
machine stator with 36 slots.

3. A 4-pole AC machine has a 3 – Ø winding wound in 36 slots with coil span of

0
140 E. Compute (i) the pitch factor (ii) distribution factor (iii) winding factor.

4. Derive the e.m.f. equation of an alternator and define the factors kp,kd and kw.

5. Explain O.C. Test and S.C. Test on a Synchronous machine.

6. A 3- Ø, 6- pole AC machine with 72 slots. The coil span is 1 to 10 slots. Find

(i) kp (ii) kd (iii) kw.

7. A 3- Ø winding for a 4 –pole machine was carried out in 60 slots. The coils are
short pitched i.e. if one coil side lies in slot no.1, the other side of the same
coil lies in slot no 13. Calculate the winding factor for (i) fundamental, (ii) third
harmonic & (iii) fifth harmonic waveforms.

8. A 3- Ø, 16 pole star-connected Alternator has 240 stator slots with 8 conductors

per slot and the conductor of each phase are connected in series. The coil span is
1440 E. Determine the phase and lines e.m.f.s if the machine speed is at 375
rpm and the flux per pole is 0.061 Wb.

9. Calculate the emf induced per phase on no load of a 10-pole, 3- Ø, 50 Hz

Alternator with 3 slots/ pole/phase and 6 conductors/ slot placed in two layers.
The coil span is 1400E. The flux per pole was a fundamental component of
0.06Wb, and a 20% third harmonic component.

10. A 3- Phase, star connected, 50kVA, 415V, 50Hz Alternator has effective resistance of
0.25ohm/phase. The synchronous reactance is 3.2 ohm/phase and leakage reactance is
0.8 ohm/phase. Determine, at rated load and UPF, (i) the internal emf Er (ii) the
excitation emf Ef and (ii) the value of reactance which represents armature reaction.
(455.44V,588.88V, Xa =2.4 ohm)
11.A 3- phase, star connected, 1.5 MVA, 3.3kV, 50Hz Alternator has effective resistance
of 0.08 ohm/ phase. The Synchronous reactance is 1.5 ohm/ phase. Calculate the %
voltage regulation for a load of 1.0 MW at rated voltage and at p.f of (i) 0.8 lagging
and (ii) 0.8 leading. (11.85 %, -8.47%)

12.Find the Synchronous impedance and reactance of a 3-phase Alternator in which a

given field current produces a current of 250 A on short circuits and a generated emf
of 1500 V on open circuit. The effective winding resistance is 0.2 ohm/phase.
Calculate the terminal (3.464 ohm, 3.458 ohm,7.654kV, 15.97%)

13.The OC and SC test data of a 3-phase, IMVA, 6.6kV, star connected Synchronous
generator is given below:
If(A) 60 70 80 90 100 110
Voc(line) (V) 4693 5500 6160 6600 6967 7260
SC (A) 98
Find: (i) unsaturated Synchronous reactance, (ii) adjusted Synchronous reactance,
(iii) excitation voltage needed to give rated voltage at full load, 0.8 pf lagging
using (ii).(iv) also the voltage regulation for the load specified in part (iii).
(27.7 ohm, 26.65 ohm, 9582V,45.2%)

14. Why a Synchronous motor called as a Synchronous condenser?

15. What are the applications of the Synchronous motors? Explain the dual purpose of
a Synchronous motor.

16. Why synchronous motor is not self-starting?

17. A Synchronous motor absorbing 20kW is connected in parallel with a factory load
of 20kW having a lagging a p.f. of 0.8. If the combined power in the supply lines
has a p.f. of 0.92, what is the value of leading reactive power taken by the motor
and at what p.f. is it working. (56.26 kVAR,0.335 leading)
 AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
ASSIGNMENT -3

1. A 3- phase I/motor runs at almost 1000rpm at no load & 950 rpm at full load
when supplied with power from a 50 HZ, 3-phase line. Calculate

(i) How many poles has the motor? (6)

(ii) Slip at full load ? (5%)
(iii) Frequency of rotor voltage? (2.5 HZ)
(iv) Speed of rotor field w.r.t motor? (50rpm)
(v) Speed of rotor w.r.t stator? (950 rpm)
(vi) Speed of rotor field w.r.t stator field? (zero)
(vii) Rotor frequency at the slip of 10% ? (5 Hz)

2. A 4 – pole, 50 Hz, 3-I / motor when running on full load develops a useful
torque of 100 N-m while the motor emf is observed to make 120 cycles/min. It
is known that the torque lost on account of friction & core loss is 7 N-m.
Calculate (if the total core loss is given to be 700W)

(i) Shaft power output,

(ii) Mechanical power developed,
(iii)Rotor Cu loss,
(iv) Motor input, &
(v) Motor efficiency.
(Ans: 15.07 kW 16.12kW 0.67kW, 17.49 kW,
86.16%)

3. A 6.6 kV, 20 pole, 50 HZ, 3-phase star –connected I/ motor has a rotor
resistance of 0.12 Ω. The motor has a speed od 292.5 rpm at full load. Calculate:
(a) Slip at maximum torque, and
(b) The ratio of maximum to full load torque. Neglect stator impedance.
(Ans: 0.17,2.26)

4. A3- phase, 40 V,25kW,50 Hz, 8 pole I/ motor yielded the following data on
testing:
No load : 400V,8.7A,1210W
Blocked motor: 200V,47.8A, 6050W
The stator phase resistance is 0.42Ω (star basis)
Estimate the parameters of the circuit model ?
(Ans: r1=132.2Ω, Xm=27Ω, r1+r2 = 0.833Ω, X1+X2=2.25Ω)
 5. The efficiency of a 400 V,3-phase, 6- pole I/motor drawing a line current of 80 A
at 0.75 p.f at 4% slip is 85%. Calculate the shaft output & shaft torque.
(Ans: 35.33kW, 351.5 N-m)

6. A 415V, 4- pole, 3- phase I/motor develops 15.25 kW inclusive of mechanical

losses when running at 1462 rpm. The supply frequency is 500.5 Hz and the
power factor equals 0.89. Calculate:
(i) Slip,
(ii) Rotor Cu loss,
(iii) Total input if the stator losses are 1.4 kW, and
(iv) Line current. (Ans: 0.035, 0.533kW, 17.2k W, 26.89A)

7. A22 kW, 3-phase I/motor operates with a slip of 3.5 % on full load. The stator
losses are 1200 W and the mechanical losses are 500 W. If the current per phase in
the rotor winding is 28A. Find:
(i) Resistance per phase of the rotor
(ii) Efficiency of the motor? (Ans: 0.347Ω,89.74%)

Write the short notes on:

8. Explain why an Induction machine is called a generalized transformer?

9. In a poly-phase Induction motor, show that the rotor must rotate in the direction of
rotating magnetic field.

10. Explain why the rotor of poly phase Induction motor can never attain
synchronous speed?

11. Explain the similarities and dissimilarities b/w the slip ring (wound rotor) &
squirrel cage poly-phase Induction motor.

12. What are the advantages of inserting external resistance in the rotor circuit of a
wound rotor Induction motor at the time of starting?

13. What are the types of starting of a poly-phase Induction motor?