x22 y

 4x  5 dx
x0

MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

 2x2  5x x0 x22 y


 22  2 y  52  2y  20  50
2

expand
 2


 2 4  8y  4y2 1010y 
simplify
1
 8y2  26y 18

STEP 2: the outer integral is found by

INTRODUCTION integrating the result with respect to y

y  y 2 x x 2 y 1 22 y
Expression
  f ( x , y ) dxdy   4 x  5 dx dy
y  y1 x  x1 y0

x0
    
step 1

are known as double integrals.

result from step 1
y 1     
   dy
2
 8 y  26 y  18
y 0
2 5

result from step 1

EXAMPLE 1: y 1  
Evaluate the following double integral  
y 0
8 y 2  26 y  18 dy 
y 1 x  2  2 y

 4 x  5 dx dy
1
 8 
  y 3  13 y 2  18 y 
3
y 0 x0  0
Solution :
8 3 
  1  131  181  0 
2

STEP 1:
inner integral 3 
calculator
x 2  2 y
23
 4 x  5 dx  or 7.66
x 0 3 3

1
 EXAMPLE 2 : STEP 2: the outer integral is found by
integrating the result with respect to y

2 4
Evaluate the following double integral
   x  2 y dx dy
y 2 x 4 0   
1

  x  2 y dx dy
step 1

result
from step 1
y  0 x 1  
2
 15 
  6y   dy
7 0  2  10

y 2
 15 
SOLUTION :   3y2  y 
y2 x4
 2  y 0
 x  2 y  dx dy
  15   15 
y0

x 1
       3(2) 2  (2)    3(0) 2  (0) 
  step  1    2   2 
step 2
4

STEP 1: find the inner integral  ( x  2 y ) dx  1215  0

1
integrating with respect to x first  27
and let y be constant. 8

x4

 x
x 1
 2y  dx EXAMPLE 3: Evaluate
y constant
x 1 y 1
x4
 x2 
  xy  dy dx
2
   2 yx 
 2  x 1 x  1 y  0

Solution :
 1 
 8  8 y     2y inner integral
 2  STEP 1:
y 1
1 15
 xy  dy
2
 8  8y   2 y  6y 
2 2 y 0 12

2
 1
integrating with respect to y
2 EXAMPLE 4 : Evaluate
 xy dy
0
first and let x be constant

Take out coefficient x x3 y 2

1
2  (1) 3   (0) 3 
a)   (1  8 xy)dydx
 x  y dy  x      x  0 y 1
 3   3 
0
y 2 x 3
 1  
3
1
 x    0 
y 
 x   3  
b)   (1  8xy)dxdy
y 1 x  0
 3 0 
1
x 16
3

STEP 2: the outer integral is found by

integrating the result with respect to y SOLUTION (a) :
x 3 y  2
x 1 y 1

  xy dy
2
dx   (1  8xy)dy dx
x 0
y 1
x  1 y  0
    
step 1
step 1  
step 2
result from step 1
 y2
1
STEP 1: find the inner integral

1 
 x dx  (1  8 xy ) dy

1 3 
y 1
14 17

1 y2
1 2 2
 x dx 1   (1)   (1)    (1  8 xy ) dy Let x constant
3      (number)
1 3   2   2   y 1
integrate integrate
copy y2
1
1   y 2 
coefficient
  x dx 1  1  1     y  8 x   
x
3 1           2 
3  2 2 y 1

1
1  x2 
  
3  2  1 1
 0  0

 y  4 xy 2  y2
y 1
3

3
 
 y  4 xy 2  y2
y 1
SOLUTION (b) :
y  2 x 3


 2  4 x(2) 2  1  4 x(1) 2      (1  8xy)dx dy

y 1 x  0

 2  16 x   1  4 x 
step 1

step 2

 2  16 x  1  4 x STEP 1: find the inner integral

x3

 (1  8 xy )
x0
dx
 1  12x 22

x3
STEP 2: the outer integral is found by Let y constant
integrating the result with respect to y
x0
 (1  8 xy ) dx
(number)
copy
integrate integrate coefficient
x 3 y  2

  1  8 xy dy dx   x2  
x 3

x0 y 1
 
 
   x  8  y 
step 1   2   x 0


3


result
 from step 1


1  12 x  dx 
 x  4x2 y  x 3
x 0
0
20

result from step 1

3  

0
1 12 x  dx 
 x  4x2 y  x3
x0

  x2 
3   
 (3)  4(3) 2 y  (0)  4(0) 2 y 
  x  12 
  2  0  3  36 y   0

 x  6x 2  3
0  3  36 y
  
 3  6(3) 2  0  6(0) 2   57

4
STEP 2: the outer integral is found by
integrating the result with respect to y ANSWER:
x 3 y  2
y2 x3

  1  8 xy dx dy a)   (1  8xy )dydx  57

x 0 y 1

y 1 x  0 
 y  2 x 3
step 1
b)   (1  8 xy)dxdy  57
y 1 x  0
result from step 1
2  
d b
  3  36 y  dy b d

1
25
CONCLUSION :   f ( x, y)dxdy    f ( x, y)dydx
c a 28
a c

result from step 1

2   EXAMPLE 5 : Show that
 3  36 y  dy y  e3 x  2 x 2 ye
3

1 x x
    dxdy     dydx
2 y 1 x  1 
y x 1 y 1 
y
  y 2 
 3 y  36  SOLUTION : Start from the left hand side
  2  1
3
ye x2

 3 y  18 y 2 2
1  
 x 
 y
 dx dy
y 1
 
  
x 1 
  
 3(2)  18(2) 2  3(1)  18(1) 2      step 1
  
step 2

x2
x
   dx integrating with respect to x

 3( 2)  18( 2) 2
  3(1)  18(1)  2
x  1  y 
first and let y be constant

 6  72   3  18  Take out coefficient

2
1 1  (2) 2   (1) 2 
 78  21   x dx   
y  2   2 

y 1
 57 1
1  x2 
2
 2   1 
   y  2 
y  2  1 
3
2y

5
 Compare with the right hand side
STEP 2: the outer integral is found by
integrating the result with respect to y
y  e3 x  2 x 2 ye
3
y  e3 x2 x x
 x     dxdy     dydx
y 1 x 1 y dx dy y 1 x  1 
y x 1 y 1 
y

step 1
  STEP 1:
step 2

y e3
result from step 1
 9 x
y e 3
 3    dy
  2y  dy 2 y 1 
y
y 1   31

must be 1
By using formula : 1
 xdx  ln x  c Take out coefficient
result from step 1 3
 y e
y e3
 3  x
 
y 1
2y
 
dy
y 1  y  dy Let x constant

Take out coefficient

y e3
1 y e 3
3
y  e3
1 3 3 x y 1  y  dy  xln y y 1

2  y
dy  ln y yy 1e
y 1 2 35

3

2

ln e3  ln 1  
 x ln e 3  ln1 

3
2

3 ln e  0  
 x 3 ln e  0 
Remark :

3
 3(1) 
2
Law of Logarithmic

(i) ln xn  n ln x

 x 3(1) 
(ii) ln e  1
9 (iii)  3x
 ln1  0 36

6
STEP 2: the outer integral is found by
integrating the result with respect to x

x2 y e3
 x 
 y 1  y  dy dx
x1
    Triple Integral
step 1
      
step 2

2
 
3x dx
1 result from step 1 40

EXAMPLE 6: Evaluate the following triple integral

2
  x2  3
  3    
   (2) 2  (1) 2  2 3

   12 xy
2
2

z 3 dz dy dx
  2  1 2 1 0 0

3
  4  1
2 3 2
Solution :
   12 xy z dz dy dx
2 3
 3 
   x  
2 2
1
2 1
0 0
 2  step
1 
9 step 2

 step 3
2 38 41

2
Conclusion : It has been shown that STEP 1: let x and y be constants

2
2  
12 xy 2 z 3  dz  12 xy 2  z 3 dz
0    0
y e3 x 2 x2 y e3  
x x 9 z 4 2

   y    dxdy   y1  y dydx  2 Take out coefficient  12 xy 2  

y 1 x  1  x  1  4 0

 3xy 2 z 4   2
0

39

 3xy 2 (2) 4  (0) 4   48xy 2
42

7
 Therefore : 2 3 2 STEP 3: integrate
   12 xy z dz dy dx
2 3
2
1

0

 0

step
1  (432 x) dx
 step 2


1  216 x 2   2
1
step 3 2
 432  x dx
2 3

 216 ( 2) 2  (1) 2 
  48xy
2
 dy dx 1
1 0 2
result from step 1
   x2 
step 2  432   2164  1  648
    43  2  1 46
step 3

STEP 2: let x be constants EXAMPLE 7: Evaluate the following triple integral

3

 (48xy
2
) dy  16 x y 3   3
0

2 1 2
0
   zr 
2
sin  dz dr d
Take out coefficient 
 16 x (3) 3  (0) 3  
0 0 0

3 2 1 2
 48 x  y 2 dy  16 x27  0    zr 
2
sin  dz dr d
0 Solution : 0

0
 0

3 step
1 
 y3 
 48 x    432 x step 2

 3 0
44 step 3 47

2 3 2

   12 xy 
2
Therefore : z 3 dz dy dx STEP 1: let r and sin  be constants
1 0

0
   
2
  step
 1    2

step 2
        
0
z r sin
2
dz
step 3 2
 r sin   z dz
0 2
2 2  z 2 
 r sin   
  432

x dx  2  0

1
     result from step 2  r 2
sin  2  0 
step 3 2
45
 2 r sin  48

8
 
2 1 2
Therefore :
   zr 
2
sin  dz dr d 
0

0
  
0

  step
 1   
step 2
        
step 3

2 1

  2    dr 2
 r sin d
0
result 0
  from
 step1 
step 2
        
step 3 49

STEP 2: let sin  be constants

1
1
 (2 r
2
sin  ) dr  r3 
0
 2 sin   
 3 0
1 1 
2  2 sin    0 
 2 sin   r dr  3 
0 2
 sin 
3 50

STEP 3: integrate with respect to 


2 1 2 2  
   zr     cos  cos 0 
2
sin  dz dr d
3 2 
0
 
0 0

result from step 2
   2

2
2 
 sin   d

3

cos 90   1 
0  3 

2
 cos 02 2 2

3  0  1 
3 3 51