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Explain the purpose of a server in a local area network (LAN)

Controls access to the network

Controls access to data files and software

Controls access to shared hardware

Controls communication across the network

When data is transferred around a LAN the speed of transmission of the data is
sometimes important. In this context, explain what is meant by bit rate.

The number of bits transferred in a given time frame/baud rate.

Give an example where a high bit rate is essential, giving a reason for your
choice.

Transfer of video files, because of large volume of data in short time period (time
sensitive).

Define what is meant by the term bit rate and explain why the bit rate is more
important in some applications than in others.

Number of bits of data communicated in a given time interval

(Generally) bits per second = baud rate

Some applications require large quantities of data in a short time interval e.g.
video

Compared to small quantity of data e.g. email message

Video is time sensitive

Must arrive in a specific time frame or it is useless

When data is transmitted in binary form it is checked using a parity check. The
following byes have been received by a device. One byte contains an error.

01101101

00111000

10101010

11101100

State which byte contains an error, giving a reason for your answer.

10101010
It has an even number of ones while the others are odd

Explain why it is possible that some of the other byes may also contain errors.

Two bits may be wrong in the same byte

Each point of sale terminal is connected to a store computer which can look up
the price of an item and send it back to the terminal.

State what is meant by each of the following modes of data transmission;

Duplex

Half duplex

Simplex

Duplex is simultaneous two way communication

Half duplex is two way communication but only in one direction at a time

Simplex is communication in only direction

Identify which would be most sensible in this example, giving a reason for your
answer.

Half duplex is most suitable because the barcode is sent one way and price the
other (one before look up and one after)

When data is transferred from main memory to the hard disk drive, parallel data
transmission is used.

State what is meant by parallel data transmission and give a reason why it would
be used in this case.

Multiple bits sent simultaneously/more than one bit at a time/more than one wire
used for transmission

Parallel used because speed of transmission important

During the process of transferring the data to the hard disk drive, interrupts are
used.

Describe what interrupts are explain how they are used in this case.

Signal sent to processor from an external source requesting processor to halt


present job and do something else

Hard drive will empty data from buffer, when the buffer empty, hard drive needs
to tell processor so that the processor refills the buffer
Explain why half duplex data transmission is used in this case.

Processor needs to send data for storage

Hard drive/buffer needs to send interrupt to processor

But not both at the same time

Define the following types of data transmission;

Serial – One bit is sent at a time/down a single wire

Parallel – More than one bit is sent at a time/down a number of wires

Simplex – Data can only be sent in one direction

Duplex – Data can be sent in both directions simultaneously

Explain what is meant by the term bit rate and give an example of a data file
that would need to be transmitted at a high bit rate.

The speed at which data is transmitted from one location to another

The rate at which bits can be sent

Suitable example of time sensitive data, e.g. video transmitted to a number of


machines for immediate viewing

A computer is to be connected to a network.

State two items of hardware need to connected to a local area network (LAN);

Network card

Cable/some other sensible medium for communication

Wide area network (WAN);

Network card

Telephone line

Modem

Accept ISDN line/Satellite/Microwave/Radio/Optic Fibre

When data is sent from one place to another, the transmission can be of different
types.

Explain what is meant by the following terms;


Serial transmission of data

Data can be transmitted in only one direction

Duplex mode of data transmission

Data can be transmitted in both directions at the same time

Errors can occur in data when it is being transmitted.

Describe how a parity check can be used to identify bytes containing errors.

Number of ones in a byte is either always odd or always even

System has been initialised to always expect either odd or even number of ones
in a byte

Each byte has one bit called the parity bit which does not contain data but is set
to 1 or 0 in order to maintain the agreed odd or even parity

When received, the number of ones should match agreed parity or byte is in
error

The following bytes have been received by a device

01101101 01011010 00101010 11100011

Three of the bytes have been received without error while one is incorrect. Ring
the incorrect byte and explain how the incorrect byte is identified in this case.

The following four bytes of data have been received after being transmitted from
one piece of hardware to another;

10110110 11010000 10101010 10001111

One byte has been rejected. State which byte has been rejected.

10101010

Explain why this byte has been rejected.

Even number of ones, all the others are odd therefore odd parity is used.

Calculate the sum of the following four bytes. Show your working.

01001000

10000100

00010001
00010010

11101111

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