Singapore

National Mathematical Olympiad

2010

1 In the 4ABC with AC > BC and ∠B < 900 , D is the foot of the perpendicular from A onto
BC and E is the foot of perpendicular from D onto AC. Let F be the point on the segment
DE such that EF.DC = BD.DE. Prove that AF is perpendicular to BF .

3 Given a1 ≥ 1 and ak+1 ≥ ak + 1 for all k ≥ 1, 2, . . . , n, show that a31 + a32 + · · · + a3n ≥
(a1 + a2 + · · · + an )2

4 An infinite sequence of integers, a0 , a1 , a2 , . . . , with a0 > 0, has the property that for n ≥ 0,
an+1 = an − bn , where bn is the number having the same sign as an , but having the digits
written in the reverse order. For example if a0 = 1210, a1 = 1089 and a2 = −8712, etc. Find
the smallest value of a0 so that an 6= 0 for all n ≥ 1.

5 Let p be a prime number and let a1 , a2 , . . . , ak be distinct integers chosen from 1, 2, . . . , p − 1.

(n)
For 1 ≤ i ≤ k, let fi denote the remainder of the integer na1 upon division by p, so
(n) (n) (n)
0 ≤ fi < p. Define S = {n : 1 ≤ n ≤ p − 1, f1 < · · · < fk } Show that S has less than
2p
k+1 elements.

This file was downloaded from the AoPS Math Olympiad Resources Page Page 1
http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/