RIZKI SUPERMANA Wednesday, March 16th 2011 STRUCTURE 2

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Patterns:

Verb:

Subject + V1 (Infinitive) + Object + Adverb [Positive Statement]

Subject + do/does + not + V1 (Infinitive) + Object + Adverb [Negative Statement]

Do/ does + Subject + V1 (Infinitive) + Object + Adverb ? [Interrogative Statement]

NonVerb (Adjective, Noun, Adverb):

Subject + am/ is/ are + Non Verb + Adverb [Positive Statement]

Subject + am/ is/ are + not + Non Verb + Adverb [Negative Statement]

Am/ is/ are + Subject + Non Verb + Adverb ? [Interrogative Statement]

 Simple Present Tense is used to state an event or habitual action.

Examples:

I always feed the chickens every morning. [Verb]

Mrs. Maria is in the international hospital every afternoon. [Non Verb]

 Simple Present Tense is also used to state a fact or general truth.

Examples:

Vegetarians eat vegetables. [Verb]

Wolf is the wild animal. [Non Verb]

 Simple Present Tense is also used to state an event which will occur in the
future which is related with a schedule or program.

Examples:

The football match starts at 4 p.m. tomorrow. [Verb]

The printer is on the desk at 8 p.m. tomorrow evening. [Non Verb]

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RIZKI SUPERMANA Wednesday, March 16th 2011 STRUCTURE 2

 In the positive statement, If the subject is third person singular (he, she, it), the
verb must be added with “s”. But if the verb which has the final letter which is “s,
ch, sh, o”, the verb must be added with “es”.

Examples:

He plays tennis every Saturday morning. [Adding “s” in verb]

Father takes a train to go to office. [Adding “s” in verb]

She watches television in the living room. [Adding “es”]

John studies Arabic in Egypt. [Adding “es”]

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Patterns:

Subject + was/ were + (V1 + ing) + Object + Adverb [Positive Statement]

Subject + was/ were + not + (V1 + ing) + Object + Adverb [Negative Statement]

Was/ were + Subject + (V1 + ing) + Object + Adverb ? [Interrogative Statement]

 Present Continuous Tense is used to state an event which is happening or

occurring when we are talking.

Examples:

My youngest cousin is painting the house.

My mother is cooking in the kitchen.

 Present Continuous Tense is also used to state a temporary event.

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RIZKI SUPERMANA Wednesday, March 16th 2011 STRUCTURE 2

Examples:

Jack is living in his friend’s flat at the moment.

Father can’t come because he is working in the office.

 Present Continuous Tense is also used to state a changeable event.

The population of Indonesia is rising very fast.

My father’s condition is getting better.

 Present Continuous Tense is also used to state an event in the future which has
been planned previously.

I am meeting my father at the station tomorrow morning.

Jerry is spending his vacation in Canada next week.

3. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Patterns:

Verb:

Subject + V2 (Past Tense) + Object + Adverb [Positive Statement]

Subject + did + not + V1 (Infinitive) + Object + Adverb [Negative Statement]

Did + Subject + V1 (Infinitive) + Object + Adverb ? [Interrogative Statement]

Non Verb (Adjective, Noun, Adverb):

Subject + was/ were + Non Verb [Positive Statement]

Subject + was/ were + not + Non Verb [Negative Statement]

Was/ were + Subject+ Non Verb [Interrogative Statement]

 Simple Past Tense is used to state the past event.

Examples:

The children enjoyed the party last night. [Verb]

We visited the National museum last week. [Verb]

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RIZKI SUPERMANA Wednesday, March 16th 2011 STRUCTURE 2

I was in the meeting room last night. [Non Verb]

You were sad yesterday morning. [Non Verb]

4. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Patterns:

Subject + was/ were + (V1 + ing) + Object + Adverb [Positive Statement]

Subject + was/ were + not + (V1 + ing) + Object + Adverb [Negative Statement]

Was/ were + Subject + (V1 + ing) + Object + Adverb ? [Interrogative Statement]

 Past Continuous Tense is used to state the past event which is happening or
occurring.

Examples:

I was watching television at 8 o’clock last night.

We were playing football at 5 p.m. yesterday.

 Past Continuous Tense is also used to state the past event which is happening
or occurring and then another event happened.

Examples:

When I came home last night, my little sister was doing her home work.

When I met her yesterday afternoon, they were waiting for a bus.

 Past Continuous Tense is also used to state two past events which is happening
or occurring at the same time.

Examples:

I was watching television while father was reading a book.

The students were discussing their lesson while the professor was speaking to his
guest.

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RIZKI SUPERMANA Wednesday, March 16th 2011 STRUCTURE 2

5. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Pattern:

Verb:

Subject + has/ have + V3 (Past Participle) + Object + Adverb [Positive Statement]

Subject + has/ have + not + V3 (Past Participle) + Object + Adverb [Negative

Statement]

Has/ Have + Subject + V3 (Past Participle) + Object + Adverb ? [Interrogative

Statement]

Non Verb (Adjective, Noun, Adverb):

Subject + has/ have + been + Non Verb [Positive Statement]

Subject + has/ have + not + been + Non Verb [Negative Statement]

Has/ have + Subject + been + Non Verb ? [Interrogative Statement]

 Present Perfect Tense is used to state the past event which has occurred and
has been happening until the present.

Examples:

We have occupied this house for seven years. [Verb]

I have been here since two hours ago. [Non Verb]

 Present Perfect Tense is also used to state the past event which has occurred
and then it is related with the present.

Examples:

My father has bought a new car. [Verb]

Mr. Lorenzo has been a rider since 2001. [Non Verb]

6. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Patterns:

Verb:

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RIZKI SUPERMANA Wednesday, March 16th 2011 STRUCTURE 2

Subject + will/ shall + V1 (Infinitive) + Object + Adverb [Positive Statement]

Subject + will/ shall + not + V1 (Infinitive) + Object + Adverb [Positive Statement]

Will/ shall + Subject + V1 (Infinitive) + Object + Adverb ? [Interrogative Statement]

Non Verb (Adjective, Noun, Adverb):

Subject + will/ shall + be + Non Verb [Positive Statement]

Subject + will/ shall + not + be + Non Verb [Negative Statement]

Will/ shall + Subject + be + Non Verb ? [Interrogative Statement]

 Simple Future Tense is used to state the future event which will be done.

We will come to visit him tonight. [Verb]

I shall call him back after lunch. [Verb]

She will be at the mosque at 11 a.m. [Non Verb]

Mr. Fletcher will be fresh after taking a nap. [Non Verb]

7. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Patterns:

Subject + will/ shall + be + (V1 + ing) + Object + Adverb [Positive Statement]

Subject + will/ shall + not + be + (V1 + ing) + Object + Adverb [Negative Statement]

Will/ shall + Subject + be + (V1 + ing) + Object + Adverb ? [Interrogative Statement]

 Future Continuous Tense is used to state the future event which emphasizes
the progress.

Examples:

The contractor will be working on the new project by next month.

I will be lying on the beach by this time next week.

We shall be spending the winter in Europe.

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RIZKI SUPERMANA Wednesday, March 16th 2011 STRUCTURE 2

Mr. Steward will be waiting for the bus.