PCB 3014 : Social Changes in Society

Course Leader: Pn Hajah Sabariah Siron

COURSE NOTES
TOPIC 3: COUNSELING PROCESS

1.1 STAGES IN COUNSELING PROCESS

stage 1 : relationship building

( membina hubungan )
stage 2: exploration (penerokaan )
stage 3 :consolidation
( membuat keputusan )
stage 4 : planning ( perancangan)
stage 5: termination ( penamatan )

1.2 STAGE 1: BUILDING RELATIONSHIP

1. ENTRY: Preparing the helpee and opening the relationship

2. CLARIFICATION:
stating the problem or concern and reasons for seeking help.
3. STRUCTURE: formulating the contract and the structure.
4. RELATIONSHIP: building the helping relationship

ENTRY STAGE

Light communication showing that the counselor is ready to listen and accept
client.

Counselor should realize that

- It is not easy to receive help
- It is difficult to commit oneself to change.
- It is difficult to submit to the influence of helper; help is a threat to esteem,
integrity and independence.
- It is not easy to trust strangers and to be open to them.
- It is not easy to see one’s problem clearly at first.
- Sometimes problems seem too large, too overwhelming or too unique to share
them easily.
- Some cultural traditions deprecate giving and receiving help outside the family.

CLARIFICATION

 Clarify helpee statements of why they want help and to get a better feel for how
helpees see their problems and general life situations.

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  Planning the helping process: information about the helpee and his worldviews
while diagnosing their problems.
 Ownership of problems.

STRUCTURING

 Structuring the relationship : defines the nature, limits, goal of the relationship,
roles, responsibilities of both helper and helpee are defined.
 Structure helpee behaviour.
 Formal contract.

STAGE 2: EXPLORATION ( PENEROKAAN )

 Maintain and enhance the relationship ( trust, ease, safety )

 Deal with feelings in helper and helpee that interfere with progress toward their
goals ( examine resistance ).
 Encourage the helpee to explore problems or feelings further ( clarify, amplify,
illustrate, specify ) so helpee’s awareness is expanded.
 Encourage helpees to clarify and further specify their goals.
 Gather necessary facts that will contribute to the solutions of helpee’s problems.
 Decide to continue or terminate the ralationship.
 Teach skills required to reach helpee goals ( demonstrating, modelling, coaching )
 Initiate helpee homework activities that move them toward their goals ( try-out,
evaluation, progress).

STAGE 3 : CONSOLIDATION

 The consolidation stage flows from the exploratory and blends into the planning
stage to follow, but its distinctive process goals are to further clarify feelings, pin
down alternative actions and practice new skills.

Stage 4 : PLANNING

 Rational planning process where plans for termination and continuing alone are
fomulated.

 Crystalize discussion of earlier stages into a specific plan of action and to decide
that growth has proceeded to the point where termination of the relationship is
indicated.

STAGE 5 : TERMINATION

 Summarize accomplishment towards the goals of relationship and progress is

evaluated. A helpful procedure is to ask the helpee to summarize.

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 If the goals were not achieved, hypotheses as to why they were not realized are
made and discussed.
 Referral to the agreed time limit..
 Helpers need to deal with their own grief after putting so much emotional energy
into the helping relationship.