1.

OPINION ESSAY
a. Introduction
 1st Paragraph- state the topic and your opinion clearly
b. Main Body
 2nd Paragraph- viewpoint 1 + examples/ reasons
 3rd Paragraph- viewpoint 2 + examples/ reasons
 4th Paragraph- give the opposing viewpoint and reasons
c. Conclusion
 Final paragraph- restate your opinion, using different words
To state your opinion, these are the language structures you may use:
I believe/feel/think that… From my point of view…To my mind/way of thinking…As far as I am
concerned…In my opinion/view…I am totally against…I completely disagree with…I don’t agree with. It
seems/appears to me that…I (completely) agree with/that...
For arranging your ideas and arguments, you may use the following language structures:
First of all/Firstly,…
Second of all/Secondly,…
Third of all/Thirdly,…
Fourth of all/Fourthly,…
And last but not least/Finally,...
In conclusion,…
To conclude with,…
Briefly,…
On the whole,...
- to introduce examples, you may use language structures like: for example, for instance, to illustrate this,
etc

2. NARRATIVE ESSAY- STORIES

a. Introduction
 1st Paragraph- set the scene (WHO, WHERE, WHEN, WHAT)
b. Main Body
 Paragraphs 2-4 –describe incidents leading up to the main event and the event itself in detail
c. Conclusion
 Final paragraph- end the story: refer to people’s feelings, comments, reactions, consequences.
Points to consider:
- sequence of events is very important. Use time words such as: at first, before, after, until,
while, during, then, finally.
- use various adjectives and adverbs to describe feelings and actions: delightful, absolutely,
enormous, horrible, massive, terrific, horrifying, extremely, gigantic, disgusting, unpleasant,
huge, wonderful.
- use past tenses: Past Continuous to set the scene (“It was raining hard and the wind was
blowing as John drove towards the small cottage”),Past Simple to describe the main events
(“John opened the gate and went through the garden…) or Past Perfect to give the background
of the story (“John had been planning to visit the old cottage for months before he was able to
do so.)

3. DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY
A. Describing people
a. Introduction
 1st Paragraph- name of the person; time you met/saw him/her
b. Main Body
 2nd Paragraph- physical appearance
 3rd Paragraph- personality characteristics and reason
 4th Paragraph- hobbies, interests or any activities he/she takes part in
c. Conclusion
Final paragraph- comments and feelings about the person

B. Describing places
a. Introduction
 1st Paragraph- set the scene (name and location of the place/ building, reasons for choosing the
place/building)
b. Main Body
 2nd / 3rd Paragraphs- overall look and particular details: sights to see, facilities, how to spend your free
time there
c. Conclusion
Final paragraph- feelings and final thoughts about the place/ building/ recommendations

C. Describing objects
- size: small, big, short, long -shape: rectangular, oval, triangular, round
- weight: heavy, light - pattern and decoration: stripped, floral
- color: blue, yellow -origin: Chinese, Italian
-material: cotton, silk, plastic, gold, leather
- uses/ function
- special characteristics: zip, strap, initials, label, stickers

D. Describing ceremonies, festivals, celebrations

a. Introduction
 1st Paragraph- set the scene: name, time, place of the event, reasons for celebrating (WHAT, WHEN,
WHERE, WHY)
b. Main Body
 2nd Paragraph- preparations (decorations, rehearsals)
 3rd Paragraph- description of the actual event (costumes, food, activities)
c. Conclusion
Final paragraph- feelings, comments, final thoughts

4. FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY

a. Introduction
 1st Paragraph- state the topic without giving your opinion
b. Main Body
 2nd Paragraph- arguments FOR+ examples/ reasons
 3rd Paragraph- arguments AGAINST + examples/ reasons
c. Conclusion
 Final paragraph- balanced consideration/ your opinion