Islamia English School, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E: Topic: Population in Pakistan

ISLAMIA ENGLISH SCHOOL, ABU DHABI, U.A.
E
Topic: Population in Pakistan
Topic: Population
Prepared by : Ms. Nazia Hafeez
ISLAMIA ENGLISH SCHOOL, ABU DHABI, U.A.E
Index:
Population
Population Growth of Pakistan
- Reason For High Population Growth
- Reasons For Low Death Rates
Population Structure
Population Density
Employment
-Literacy Rate
-Child Labour
Unemployment
Migration
Population, the inhabitants of a given area, but

perhaps most importantly, the human inhabitants of
Population the earth (numbering about 6.2 billion in 2002), who
by their increasing numbers and corresponding
increasing needs can seriously affect the global
ecosystem.(Columbia Encyclopedia)
According to many experts the number of persons in a

country is considered as the Wealth or asset of the
country.
To study the population of a country, the residents

in that country are counted which is called census.
What are the problems

Why in some areas faced by people of the
population is higher as country of high
compare to the population?
others?
What is the role of

Are high populated
people who migrate
countries are more
from one place to
developed than low
another place or
populated countries?
country?
FACTS
% of World
Rank Country / Territory Population Date of estimate
population
1 Chinan2 1,342,330,000 February 14, 2011 19.5%
2 India 1,194,050,000 February 14, 2011 17.3%
3 United States 312,061,000 February 14, 2011 4.52%
4 Indonesia 237,556,363 May 2010 3.44%
5 Brazil 190,732,694 August 1, 2010 2.76%
6 Pakistan 171,833,000 February 14, 2011 2.49%
7 Nigeria 158,259,000 2010 2.29%
8 Bangladesh 150,047,000 February 14, 2011 2.17%
9 Russia 141,927,297 January 1, 2010 2.06%
10 Japan 127,370,000 January 1, 2011 1.85%
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population
WE WILL DISCUSS ALL THE DISCUSSION

IN REFERENCE TO PAKISTAN
Population Growth of Pakistan

The total estimated population of Pakistan in different years is as follows:
Census Population Urban

1951 33,816,000 17.80%
1961 42,978,000 22.46%
1972 65,321,000 25.40%
1981 84,254,000 28.28%
1998 130,580,000 32.51%
2008 172,800,000 32.34
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan
GROWTH RATE can be calculated through an equation as a balancing equation or

component equation given below.
Population Growth Rate = (Birth Rate – Death Rate) + (In migrants – out migrants)
Years Growth Rate Natural Increase Migration (It could be seasonal

1981 3.06 % or permanent migration)
1994-95 2.51 %
1995-96 2.43 % The Average Family Size
1998 2.34 %
Years Persons Per Family
2000 2.24 %
1981 6.7
2001 2.22 %
1998 6.6
2002 2.16 %
What are the reason for the high population

growth Social Factors
Religious Aspects (Muslims firm Belief that Allah gives Rizq

(Food) to every one, children are boon of God and take pride in
having many children. Family planning programmes also face
resistant from religious grounds.)
Hope for the Son (A male heir leads to a large number of
births. It is believed that the son will look after them in the old age,
and will also mange the property of the son.
Early Marriages (Women are married in early age specially in

rural areas which gives a long productive span for women. This
results in large families )
Illiteracy & Poverty (unawareness About distress on economy)
Normally illiterate and poor parents have large families . On account of
poverty they need more earning hands.. Because of lack of education,
especially in females , family planning methods are not used.
Political Factors
Refugees In 1979 Afghan Refugees started

entering in Pakistan and their
number reached 3.7 million in 1990.
Frequent change of government hinders the

consistency of the population welfare projects.
Economic Factors
Need more children to earn money for

the family
Need children to work on the farms
Geographical & Economic Factors
• Plains areas of Pakistan are

so fertile that they can
Fertile produce more than one
crop in one seasons and
Agricultural more food is available to
feed more people , which
Lands is accelerated the growth
rate because a large
portion of our population
is involved in agriculture.
REASONS OF THE LOW DEATH RATE

For the last few years the death rate has fallen sharply.
• Pakistan is saving 100,000 children since 1982 by
Technological and launching a programme of immunization
scientific advancement (vaccination). Due to this there has been a drastic
change in the child survival in Pakistan.
• The programmes of mother care have also been

Government Family instrumental for controlling the death rates.
Planning Programmes
• The Astonishing progress of surgery is a major factor

Progress of Surgery in the decline of death rate.
• In Pakistan the advance medical facilities are within the

access of citizens, which has increased the life
Medical Facilities expectancy of the people and this is a major factor in
the high growth rate of Pakistan.
The population structure is the percentage of males and females in different age groups.
Age Composition means the proportion of
children, adult and aged people in the total
population.
Children 0-14
Adults 14-64
Aged 65 & Above
The population structure is the percentage of males and females in different age groups.
It is result of :
Populations birth rate
Populations death rate A population “Pyramid” Normally shows it.
Life expectancy of a particular area It is divided into:

means the average age limit of a person in
a country.
Age Group
National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) is responsible Years Life Expectancy

for conducting the research. 1998 63 Years
The Ministry of population welfare is also working on it. 2007 Total Population : 65.5 Years
2009 Male: 66.5 Years
2009 Female: 67.2 Years
Pyramid Developing Countries
The shape of the graph is like a pyramid. It is very broad at the base and gets
narrow at the top. The top is very narrow which specially indicates a low
expectancy.
The broad base indicates a large birth rate which means that the population is
increasing.(burden on limited resources)
Pakistan also has the similar population graph, where the birth rate is high and
population is increasing fast.
BROAD BASE means a developing country which, has a high birth rate and the
population is increasing fast. This group of people are said to be as unproductive
force. And they depend on the productive force and are also a burden on the
country’s limited resources. (age 0-14 years)
Pyramid Developing Countries
The middle part of the pyramid represents the productive force of the country,
(age 14-64 years) in developing countries like Pakistan it is narrow,which means
less number of working people (not a healthy sign for the development of the
country)
The top part is narrow,which indicates low life expectancy. Means the elderly
people are short of good health facilities and diet, that’s why they die at an early
age.
Pyramid Developed Countries
Pyramid Developed Countries

BASE is narrow which means a low birth rate.(unproductive force is lesser as
compared to developing countries, good sign for development.
MIDDLE PART is wide which means, these countries have a strong working
class (productive force)
TOP PART is wide, which show the people have access to all the welfare
facilities i.e.
Health, diet etc(sign of prosperity)
From the Population Pyramid we can predict the following:
S# 0-14 Years 15-64 Years 65 Years and Above
1 They represents young non They represents economically Increase in the number of people
earning and dependent active age group. This group bear in above 65 years age group in
population. Burdon of dependent population. likely to have a bad effect on the
economy and development .
2 There were 11.9 million This age group is basically asset The retired and elderly people
children below the age of 5 for any country. They actively are mostly dependent upon the
years. took part in all the social and people of economically active
economical activities . Their sector Y. They became a burden
shortage is great loss of the on the earning population.
human resource of the country.
3 The decrease in the birth of There decrease means increased Older people need more medical
both males and females of 0-4 poverty, low per capita income care because of ailments and
age group can be due use of and low standard of living disabilities . They become a
family planning methods and burden on the economy of the
improvement in awareness and country .
education.

4 If this group increase its means There will be shortage of The earning people have to pay
lower per capita income and workers such as teachers, more taxes to the government
increased poverty of the families. doctors, nurses who will be for arranging for old age
needed for increasing for benefits , pensions , and old
group 0-14 and 65 years homes for elderly people .
and above.
5 The government (on account of If this group increase is Hospitals are to be built for
limited resources ) can not good for the country them.
provide for proper education and development . Young blood
health care facilities for the can be trained to take
growing young population. position of the old
generation.
6 Lack of education specially This age group people are With the increase in life
technical and vocational mostly motivated, expectancy government
education is a problem because enthusiastic and willing to expenditure on old people goes
this age group is soon going to learn new things this can be on increasing .
join the labour force of the utilize in any profession and
country forum.

7 This will result increasing un It will result in less money for
employment. the development and slow pace
of economic growth.
8 On the other side it can be
argued that the elderly people
can help in the care of children
and offer good pieces of advice
and guidance to the family for
their betterment.
Distribution of Population
The distribution of population refers to the spread in people in an area.

The distribution is normally uneven and it changes as time passes.
The pattern of distribution and density are mainly affected by:
a) Physical Factors such as

1) Relief 2) Climate 3) Soil 4) Water Supply 5) Natural vegetation
6) Existence of Natural Routes, and 7) Mineral Resources
b) Human Factors include all the

1) Economic 2) Political, and 3) Social Factors
Population Density Number of people lives per unit area.

The unit can be sq. mile, sq. km, hectare or acre.
No. of People = Population Density of Pakistan
Years Persons Per Sq. Km.
Unit Area
130.58 = 164 Persons Per Sq. Km. 1988 164
796,095 1994 156
• Karachi division is the most dense area of Pakistan 1998 164
• Then Lahore division The density of population differs from country to country.
• Lowest is Nokundi Even within it varies from place to place. The best example
of the variation of population density of Pakistan are the
provinces of Punjab and Balochistan.
Room Density
Room density is relatively a new concept in density and it is introduced because of

the increasing urban population and due to the preference of flats or apartments for
living in large urban centres and room density of Pakistan is 06 persons per room.
Proportion of Urban Population Years Proportion of Urban

The highest urban population is in Punjab Population
which is 31.3% 1981 28.3 %
1998 32.5 %
In general Islamabad has the highest
proportion which is 65.6% in 1998
Proportion of Male and Female
Proportion of male as compare to female is decreasing . It is 108 males as

compared to per 100 females in 1998. On the other hand it was 110 males as
compared to per 100 females in 1981.
It is higher in the urban areas than in the rural areas because of the migration
of young males from rural to urban areas in search of jobs .
Reasons For the Low Population Density in Baluchistan

A large part of Baluchistan is hilly, mountainous, rocky and barren. The land
does not encourage agricultural production. Irrigation by KAREZ is only on a
limited scale.
Soil is thin and infertile and does not encourage cultivation.
There is low rainfall (125 to 250 mm) especially in Western Baluchistan. It

cannot support crop growth which may attract population. Shortage of water.
There is little industrial development which could attract population in
Baluchistan. The minerals found there have not become basis of industrial
development.
Lack of infrastructure facilities and rugged terrain (Rocky Land) hampers high
density population. Lack of facilities of life discourage people to live in this area.
Employment
The employed comprised all persons of ten years of age and above, who
worked one hour during the reference period and were either “ Paid
employed” or “self employed”.
According to employed Survey of Pakistan 1998-1999
Literacy Ratio means the ratio of literate people in the total population.
Estimated literacy ratio

Year of
Male Female Total Urban Rural
census
1951 19.2% 12.2% 16.4% -- --
1961 26.9% 8.2% 16.3% 34.8% 10.6%
1972 30.2% 11.6% 21.7% 41.5% 14.3%
1981 35.1% 16.0% 26.2% 47.1% 17.3%
1998 54.8% 32.0% 43.9% 63.08% 33.64%
2004 66.25% 41.75% 54% 71% 44%
2009 69% 45% 57% 74% 48%
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan
Child Labour
The National Child Labour survey, conducted in 1996

by the Federal Bureau of Statistics, found 3.3 million of
the 40 million children (in the 5-14 years age group) to
be economically active on a full-time basis. Of the 3.3
million working children, 73 per cent (2.4 million) were
boys and 27 per cent (0.9 million), girls.
Children's contribution to work in rural areas is about eight

times greater than in urban areas.
The number of economically active children in the 10-14

years age group is more than four times the children in the
5-9 years age group.
Child Labour (Cont.)
Rural children are mostly engaged in the

agricultural sector (74 per cent), whereas in
urban areas, most working children (31 per cent)
are engaged in the manufacturing sector.
In both areas, the percentage of girls working in

manufacturing and services is higher than that of
boys; this indicates that girls are more likely to
work in the manufacturing and services sectors
as compared to boys.
The major factors responsible for child labour

According to survey findings, the major factors responsible for
child labour were:
• Large population with high population growth rate;
• Almost three-fourths (70 per cent) of the total population living
in rural areas, with subsistence agricultural activities;
• Low productivity and prevalence of poverty;
• Unpaid family helpers, especially in agricultural activities;
• Discriminating social attitude towards girls and women;
• Inadequate educational facilities.
Primary Sector Employment:

Includes occupation that extracts raw
material directly from the earth and sea:
Crop Growing and Animal husbandry
Fishing
Mining
Forestry
Secondary Sector Employment:
Includes Occupation which process and
manufacture the primary products
Tertiary Sector :
Comprises of all those occupation which Steel Making
provide services such as: Shipbuilding
Furniture Making
Transport Basically it included construction and
Banking assembly industries.
Trade Insurance , health, administration, education etc.
Facts Related to Employment in Pakistan:
Facts About Primary Sector:

Agriculture continue to be
major employment
generating sector although
its share is declining.
A large portion of labour force

indicates non wage employment
(Mainly comprising the self-employed
and un-paid family helpers)
Tertiary Sector Employment in Rural and Urban Areas
Urban areas are expanding faster in size and population. In all fields of tertiary
sector there are greater chances of employment. In transport the number of
buses, wagons , taxis, and rickshaws is increasing. Wholesale and retail trade of
all kinds of goods is expanding.
In services there are chances of employment in banks, insurance companies,
trading firms, education, health and city government administration.
Therefore tertiary sector employment is likely to increase more in urban
areas than in rural areas.
In rural areas there is not much room for development in these fields because
poverty prevails, people have low income and low purchasing.
Therefore there is not much room for expansion of tertiary sector in rural areas.
UNEMPLOYMENT OCCUR WHEN

NUMBER OF WORKERS IS MORE
THAN IS ACTUALLY NEEDED
Unemployment
Unemployment means a state of being unable to find a job
Unemployment and underemployment is common because the population of
Pakistan is increasing at a fast rate. Every year a large number of people are added
to the work force of the country.
Unemployment in Rural Areas
In rural areas it is mostly small scale

subsistence farming. A small farmer
is poor, illiterate, uses old methods
of farming and obtains low yield of
crops. On account of his poverty,
illiteracy and backwardness, this type
of farming is underestimated.
In rural areas land is limited and cultivated

area cannot be increased. More people
cannot be engaged in the agricultural sector .
Also mechanization of agricultural is causing
unemployment because with the use of
machinery, fewer people are needed to work
on farms.
Unemployment in Urban Areas
In urban areas the industrial and commercial

development is slow. A large number of young
men pass out of school, colleges and other
institutions every year . All these young
graduation cannot find jobs readily.
Lack of job
skills
Poor Housing and

Accommodation Low Wages
Poverty Cycle
Poor Education Unemployment

For Children
Strain, Physical &

mental ill health
Migration
The movement of people from one area to another.
Population of an area grow if in-migration (people arriving in the area is greater

than that of out migration ( People leaving the area)
Migration with in Pakistan take place due to :

Rural Push Factors Pressure on land, disguised unemployment, Over
population and natural disasters etc.
Urban Pull Factors Better employment, expectations of better life, better

civic facilities etc. .
The effect of Population movements from rural to

urban areas within Pakistan:
Rural to Urban migration causes overcrowding in Squatter settlement, slums,

cities. Over crowding is observed in schools, Katchi Abadies develop in
hospitals, transport etc. the suburbs of the town.
With the growth of urban population, shortage is
felt in supply of water , electricity and gas.
Rent of houses and cost of land rises.
Unemployment and under-employment increases
because of job opportunities grow slowly.
Unrest, crimes and use of drugs increase in the urban
areas.
The effect of Population movements from rural to urban areas within

Pakistan: (Cont.)
Rural to urban migration affects the rural
areas as well. Shortage of labour, specially
of skilled labour, is felt in the rural areas.
Agricultural production remains low.
Rural areas remain neglected and lack

development.
When males migrate to cities in search of jobs and

better income only elderly men, women and children
are left in the villages. This leads to social problems.
Reasons People go to live abroad
Very slow progress in Industries and service has caused much unemployment in Pakistan.
People with good technical and professional education such as doctors, computer and
finance exports go to other countries to seek better prospects, good jobs and high
income.
Better quality of life and glamorous life style in advance countries also attracts them.
From Pakistan people have emigrated to America, Europe, Saudi Arabia and Gulf States,
Japan and Australia.
During 1980s and 1990s there was economic boom in Saudi Arabia and Gulf States on
account of high oil prices. There was demand for skilled and unskilled labour and many
people emigrated from Pakistan.
On the other side political insecurity, unrest and lack of development in the country urges
many people to emigrate.

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Islamia English School, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E: Topic: Population in Pakistan

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ISLAMIA ENGLISH SCHOOL, ABU DHABI, U.A.

Topic: Population in Pakistan

Population, the inhabitants of a given area, but

According to many experts the number of persons in a

To study the population of a country, the residents

What are the problems

What is the role of

WE WILL DISCUSS ALL THE DISCUSSION

Population Growth of Pakistan

Census Population Urban

GROWTH RATE can be calculated through an equation as a balancing equation or

Years Growth Rate Natural Increase Migration (It could be seasonal

What are the reason for the high population

Religious Aspects (Muslims firm Belief that Allah gives Rizq

Early Marriages (Women are married in early age specially in

Refugees In 1979 Afghan Refugees started

Frequent change of government hinders the

Need more children to earn money for

Geographical & Economic Factors

• Plains areas of Pakistan are

REASONS OF THE LOW DEATH RATE

• The programmes of mother care have also been

• The Astonishing progress of surgery is a major factor

• In Pakistan the advance medical facilities are within the

Life expectancy of a particular area It is divided into:

National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) is responsible Years Life Expectancy

Pyramid Developed Countries

S# 0-14 Years 15-64 Years 65 Years and Above

S# 0-14 Years 15-64 Years 65 Years and Above

The distribution of population refers to the spread in people in an area.

The pattern of distribution and density are mainly affected by:

a) Physical Factors such as

b) Human Factors include all the

Population Density Number of people lives per unit area.

Room density is relatively a new concept in density and it is introduced because of

Proportion of Urban Population Years Proportion of Urban

Proportion of Male and Female

Proportion of male as compare to female is decreasing . It is 108 males as

Reasons For the Low Population Density in Baluchistan

There is low rainfall (125 to 250 mm) especially in Western Baluchistan. It

Estimated literacy ratio

The National Child Labour survey, conducted in 1996

Children's contribution to work in rural areas is about eight

The number of economically active children in the 10-14

Child Labour (Cont.)

Rural children are mostly engaged in the

In both areas, the percentage of girls working in

The major factors responsible for child labour

Primary Sector Employment:

Facts Related to Employment in Pakistan:

Facts About Primary Sector:

A large portion of labour force

Tertiary Sector Employment in Rural and Urban Areas

UNEMPLOYMENT OCCUR WHEN

In rural areas it is mostly small scale

In rural areas land is limited and cultivated

Unemployment in Urban Areas

In urban areas the industrial and commercial

Poor Housing and

Poor Education Unemployment

Strain, Physical &

The movement of people from one area to another.