GENERAL PRESENTATION [ REPORTS]

SUBMITTED TO: - Lect. Shabnam Sharma

SUBMITTED BY:-
AMBER
COURSE- B.TECH (CSE)
REGD. NO.:-10802649
ROLL NO.:- RC1801A10

Surface computing

Surface computing is the term for the use of a specialized computer GUI in which traditional GUI
elements are replaced by intuitive, everyday objects. Instead of a keyboard and mouse, the user
interacts directly with a touch-sensitive screen. It has been said that this more closely replicates
the familiar hands-on experience of everyday object manipulation.

Surface computing is slowly starting to catch on and is starting to be used in real world
applications. Here is just a sample of what surface computing technologies have been used.
The Microsoft Surface is starting to pick up popularity and has been used in various places and
venues. AT&T became the first retailer to use Surface to help their customers purchase phones.
Customers could place the phones on the Surface and receive full phone specs, as well as pricing.
It has also been used in a wide variety of locations which include hotel lobbies, such as Sheraton
Hotels, as well as venues which included Super Bowl XLIII to help police organize and monitor
the event in great detail. It is also starting to gain use in the broadcasting industry and has been
used by MSNBC during the 2008 US Presidential Elections. However, USD $15,500 (device
only) is still considered expensive for most businesses.

There are other new surface computing applications that are still being developed, one of which
is from the MIT Media Lab where students are developing wearable computing systems that can
be used on almost any surface. The name of this device is Sixth Sense.

A surface computer is a computer that interacts with the user through the surface of an ordinary
object, rather than through a monitor and keyboard.

The category was created by Microsoft with Surface (codenamed Milan), the surface computer
from Microsoft which was based entirely on a Multi-Touch interface and using a coffee-table like
design, and was unveiled on 30 May 2007. Users can interact with the machine by touching or
dragging their fingertips and objects such as paintbrushes across the screen, or by setting real-
world items tagged with special bar-code labels on top of it.

The Surface is a horizontal display on a table-like form. Somewhat similar to the iPhone, the
Surface has a screen that can incorporate multiple touches and thus uses them to navigate
multimedia content. Unlike the iPhone, which uses fingers' electrical properties to detect touch,
the Surface utilizes a system of infrared cameras to detect input. Uploading digital files only
requires each object (e.g. a Bluetooth-enabled digital camera) to be placed on the Surface

LINUX
Linux refers to the family of Unix-like computer operating systems using the Linux kernel. Linux
can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from mobile phones, tablet
computers and video game consoles, to mainframes and supercomputers. Linux is a leading
server operating system, and runs the 10 fastest supercomputers in the world.

The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source
software collaboration; typically all the underlying source code can be used, freely modified, and
redistributed, both commercially and non-commercially, by anyone under licenses such as the
GNU General Public License.
The name "Linux" comes from the Linux kernel, originally written in 1991 by Linus Torvalds.
The main supporting user space system tools and libraries from the GNU Project (announced in
1983 by Richard Stallman) are the basis for the Free Software Foundation's preferred name
GNU/Linux.

A Linux-based system is a modular Unix-like operating system. It derives much of its basic
design from principles established in Unix during the 1970s and 1980s. Such a system uses a
monolithic kernel, the Linux kernel, which handles process control, networking, and peripheral
and file system access. Device drivers are either integrated directly with the kernel or added as
modules loaded while the system is running.

Separate projects that interface with the kernel provide much of the system's higher-level
functionality. The GNU userland is an important part of most Linux-based systems, providing the
most common implementation of the C library, a popular shell, and many of the common Unix
tools which carry out many basic operating system tasks. The graphical user interface (or GUI)
used by most Linux systems is built on top of an implementation of the X Window System.

Linux is a widely ported operating system kernel. The Linux kernel runs on a highly diverse
range of computer architectures: in the hand-held ARM-based iPAQ and the mainframe IBM
System z9, System z10; in devices ranging from mobile phones to supercomputers. Specialized
distributions exist for less mainstream architectures. The ELKS kernel fork can run on Intel 8086
or Intel 80286 16-bit microprocessors, while the µClinux kernel fork may run on systems without
a memory management unit. The kernel also runs on architectures that were only ever intended to
use a manufacturer-created operating system, such as Macintosh computers (with both PowerPC
and Intel processors), PDAs, video game consoles, portable music players, and mobile phones.

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

In telecommunications, wireless communication may be used to transfer information over short

distances (a few meters as in television remote control) or long distances (thousands or millions
of kilometers for radio communications). The term is often shortened to "wireless". It
encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable two-way radios, cellular telephones,
personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking. Other examples of wireless
technology include GPS units, garage door openers and or garage doors, wireless computer mice,
keyboards and headsets, satellite television and cordless telephones.
Wireless operations permits services, such as long range communications, that are impossible or
impractical to implement with the use of wires. The term is commonly used in the
telecommunications industry to refer to telecommunications systems (e.g. radio transmitters and
receivers, remote controls, computer networks, network terminals, etc.) which use some form of
energy (e.g. radio frequency (RF), infrared light, laser light, visible light, acoustic energy, etc.) to
transfer information without the use of wires. Information is transferred in this manner over both
short and long distances.

Wireless networking (i.e. the various types of unlicensed 2.4 GHz WiFi devices) is used to meet
many needs. Perhaps the most common use is to connect laptop users who travel from location to
location. Another common use is for mobile networks that connect via satellite. A wireless
transmission method is a logical choice to network a LAN segment that must frequently change
locations. The following situations justify the use of wireless technology:

• To span a distance beyond the capabilities of typical cabling,

• To provide a backup communications link in case of normal network failure,
• To link portable or temporary workstations,
• To overcome situations where normal cabling is difficult or financially impractical, or
• To remotely connect mobile users or networks.

Wireless communication can be via:

• radio frequency communication,

• microwave communication, for example long-range line-of-sight via highly directional
antennas, or short-range communication, or
• infrared (IR) short-range communication, for example from remote controls or via
Infrared Data Association (IrDA).

Applications may involve point-to-point communication, point-to-multipoint communication,

broadcasting, cellular networks and other wireless networks.

COMBAT AIRCRAFT
Combat aircraft is an aircraft designed to destroy enemy equipment using its own armament. The
fighters were first introduced in 1914 at the time of first world war but their limitation was that
they were not very fast

The first military aircraft were, by definition, reconnaissance aircraft. Their only mission was to
fly over military lines to take photographs and to do anything else they could to assess and report
on enemy dispositions. The first pilots went aloft unarmed, even after the war broke out. After
that, they started taking hand carried bombs, and then carrying pistols and other firearms to fire at
other aircraft.

First generation subsonic jet fighters (mid-1940s to mid-1950s)

Second generation jet fighters (mid-1950s to early 1960s)

Third-generation jet fighters (early 1960s to 1970)

Fourth generation jet fighters (1970 to mid-1990s)

Fifth generation jet fighters (1990 to present

Features of a Modern Combat Aircraft :

Air Superiority, Stealth, Maneuverability, Aerodynamics, Range, Avionics, Armament .

Air Superiority: controlling the airspace within a limited area and within a limited length of time

Maneuverability: Not top speed, but climbing performance, acceleration and turning speed

Aerodynamics: controlling angles of rotation in three dimensions about the vehicle's center of
mass.

Range: The maximal total range is the distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing.

Avionics: The cockpit of an aircraft is a major location for avionic equipment, including control,
monitoring, communication, navigation, weather, and anti-collision systems.

Stealth technology also known as LO technology (low observable technology) is a sub-

discipline of military tactics and passive electronic countermeasures, which cover a range of
techniques used with personnel, aircraft, ships, submarines, and missiles, in order to make them
less visible (ideally invisible) to radar, infrared, sonar and other detection methods.
SUBMITTED TO: - Lect. KANIKA Sharma

SUBMITTED BY:-

AMBER
COURSE- B.TECH (CSE)
REGD. NO.:-10802649
ROLL NO.:- RC1801A10

SUBMITTED TO: - Lect. NITIKA Sharma

SUBMITTED BY:-

AMBER
COURSE- B.TECH (CSE)
REGD. NO.:-10802649
ROLL NO.:- RC1801A10
SUBMITTED TO: - Lect. GURPREET KAUR

SUBMITTED BY:-

AMBER
COURSE- B.TECH (CSE)
REGD. NO.:-10802649
ROLL NO.:- RC1801A10
SUBMITTED TO: - Lect. Swapnil bagwari

SUBMITTED BY:-

AMBER
COURSE- B.TECH (CSE)
REGD. NO.:-10802649
ROLL NO.:- RC1801A10

SUBMITTED TO: - Lect. Chavi ralhan

SUBMITTED BY:-

AMBER
COURSE- B.TECH (CSE)
REGD. NO.:-10802649
ROLL NO.:- RC1801A10