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Detergents
Contents
[hide]
• 1 Chemical classification of detergents
○ 1.1 Anionic detergents
○ 1.2 Cationic detergents
○ 1.3 Ethoxylates
○ 1.4 Non-ionic (or zwitterionic)
detergents
• 2 Major applications of detergents
○ 2.1 Laundry detergents
○ 2.2 Fuel additives
○ 2.3 Soapless soap
• 3 See also
• 4 References
• 5 External links
[edit]Cationic detergents
Cationic detergents are similar to the anionic ones, with a hydrophobic
component, but instead of the anionic sulfonate group, the cationic
surfactants havequaternary ammonium as the polar end. The ammonium
center is positively charged.[2]
[edit]Ethoxylates
Ethoxylates are compounds that have longhydrocarbon chains, but
terminate with (OCH2CH2)nOH group. These groups are not charged, but
they are highly hydrophilic owing to the presence of many oxygen centres.
[edit]Non-ionic (or zwitterionic) detergents
These are characterized by their (net) uncharged, hydrophilic headgroups.
They are based on polyoxyethylene glycol
(i.e. Tween, Triton and Brijseries), CHAPS, glycosides (i.e. octyl-
thioglucoside, maltosides), bile acids such as DOC, lipids (HEGAs), or
phosphine oxides. See surfactants for more applications.
[edit]See also
Laundry detergent
Cleavable detergent
Dispersant
[edit]References
1. ^ http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01643.html
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detergent