Answers

P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
0521609976ans-ch1-4.xml CUAT006-EVANS August 4, 2005 18:51
Answers
Chapter 1 2 a x = 8, y = −2 b x = −1, y = 4
1
c x = 7, y =
Exercise 1A 2
3 a x = 2, y = −1 b x = 2.5, y = −1
5 c m = 2, n = 3 d x = 2, y = −1
1a 3 b9 c 1 d −8 e 5 f2 g
3 e s = 2, t = 5 f x = 10, y = 13
−7 7 20 −10 14 4 7
h
2
i
3
j
3
k
3
l gx= ,y= h p = 1, q = −1
5 3 2
b bc 5
2a a+b b a−b c d ab e i x = −1, y =
a a 2
7 14
3a 7 b5 c −3 d 14 e f
2 3
3 j3 Exercise 1D
g 48 h i2 k7 l2
2
4 1 25, 113 2 22.5, 13.5
4a b −5 c2
3 3 a $70 b $12 c $3
6 4 a $168 b $45 c $15
5 a −1 b 18 d 23c e0 f 10
5 5 17 and 28 6 44 and 12
14 j 12 7 7 5 pizzas, 25 hamburgers
g 12 h 8 i− k
5 5 2 8 Started with 60 and 50; finished with 30 each
−b e − d c b 9 $17 000 10 120 shirts and 300 ties
6a b c −b d
a c a c−a 11 360 Outbacks and 300 Bush Walkers
ab b−d bd − c 12 Mydney = 2800; Selbourne = 3200
e f a+b g h
b+a a − c a 13 20 kg at $10, 40 kg at $11 and 40 kg at $12.
7 a −18 b −78.2 c 16.75
3 Exercise 1E
d 28 e 34 f
26
Exercise 1B 1 a x < 1 b x > 13 c x ≥3 d x ≤ 12
e x ≤ −6 fx >3 g x > −2
10 3
1 a x + 2 = 6, 4 b 3x = 10, h x ≥ −8 ix≤
3 2
16 20 2a x<2
c 3x + 6 = 22, d 3x − 5 = 15,
3 3
19 x +5
e 6(x + 3) = 56, f = 23, 87 –2 –1 0 1 2
3 4
b x < –1
2 A = $8, B = $24, C = $16
3 14 and 28 4 8 kg 5 1.3775 m2
6 49, 50, 51 7 17, 19, 21, 23 8 4200 L –2 –1 0 1 2
9 21 10 3 km 11 9 and 12 dozen c x < –1
12 7.5 km/h 13 3.6 km 14 30, 6
–2 –1 0 1 2
Exercise 1C
d x≥3
1 a x = −1, y = −1 b x = 5, y = 21
c x = −1, y = 5 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
585
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 586 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2
e x<4 Multiple-choice questions

1D 2D 3C 4A 5C
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 6C 7B 8B 9A 10 B
f x>1
Short-answer questions
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 (technology-free)
1 −3 −2
g x< 32 1a 1 b c d −27
2 3
44 1
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 e 12 f g h 31
13 8
h x≥3 cd − b d
2a t =a−b b c +c
a a
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 cb − a 2b 1 − cd
1 d e f
i x> 6 c−1 c−a ad
2 1
3a x < b x ≤ 148
0 1 2 3 3 2
−1 22 −7
3a x > b x <2 c x > −5 cx< dx≥
2 29 17
20
4 3x < 20, x < , 6 pages 5 87 4 x = 2(z + 3t), −10
3
d − e2 1
Exercise 1F 5 a d = e2 + 2 f b f= c f=
2 2
1a 18 b9 c3 d −18 a 2 + b2 + 2ab a + b ab
6 x= = 7 x=
e 3 f 81 g5 h 20 ac + bc c a−b−c
2a S = a + b + c b P = xy c C = 5p
d T = dp + cq e T = 60a + b Extended-response questions
3a 15 b 31.4 c 1000 −10
1a c= b F = 86 c x = −40
d 12 e 314 f 720 9
c F −160
4a V = ba= d x = −62.5 ex= fk=5
p m 13
2uv v
I w−H 2ar = bm=
c P= dr= u+v u
rt C 3 a T = 6w + 6l
S −lP R(V − 2) 25 1
e t= fr= b i T = 8w ii l = , w = 12
Pr V 6 2
5a T = 48 b b = 8 c h = 3.82 d b = 10 L − 6x
c iy= ii y = 22
6a (4a + 3w) m b (h + 2b) m 8
c 3w h m2 d (4ah + 8ab + 6wb) m2 d x = 10, y = 5
7a i T = 2( p + q) + 4h ii 88 + 112 4 a distance that Tom travelled = ut km and
A distance Julie travelled = vt km
b p = −q d ud
h bit= h ii distance from A = km
2 u+v u+v
8a D= bb=2 c t = 1.25 h, distance from town A
3 = 37.5 km
60 uv
c n= d r = 4.8 5 a average speed =
29 u+v
1 2D uT v T + uT
9a D = bc (1 − k ) 2
b k = 1− bi ii
2 bc v v
√ 3 3
2 6 6a +
c k= = a b
3 3 2ab
A + c2 40
10 a P = 4b b A = 2bc − c2 c b = cic= ii
2c a+b 3
a2 − a −ay x y 80(x + y)
11 a b= bx= 7a , b
8 10 10x + 8y
2 b
x2 320 310
c r = 3q − p 2 x 2 d v = u2 1 − 2 c x= ,y =
y 9 9
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 587
Chapter 2 c y d y
Answers
Exercise 2A 1
1
1a 4 b2 c d −4 e 1 f −1 4 8 x
4 0 2 1
5 −5 j 4 x
0 3
g h −2 i 3 k0
4 4
3 y –2
2 Any line parallel to
the one shown e y f y
y
(1, 6)
3 2 4
x x 6
0 1 0 x x
–1 0 0
1 5
4a − b− c −2 d −8 e 0 f −1 g y h y
4 2
g7 h 11 i −13 j 11 k 111 l 61
x
2 5 0 3
5 a −2 b 6 a 54 b 6
5 6
7a x =4 b y = 11
–8
x
–4 0
Exercise 2B
4 Pairs which are parallel: a, b and c; Non-parallel:
y d y
1a b y
2 2
4
x x 3
–2 0 0 2 4y – 3x = 4
1 1 3y = 4x – 3
x
y d y 0 2 3 4
c – 43 –1
1
1 5 c only 6 a −1 b0 c −1 d1
x x
1 0 1
0
2 2
Exercise 2C
y b y
2a 1a y = 3x + 5 b y = −4x + 6 c y = 3x − 4
1 2a y = 3x − 11 b y = −2x + 9
1 x 3a 2 b y = 2x + 6
x 0 1 4a −2 b y = −2x + 6
0
–1 5a y = 2x + 4 b y = −2x + 8
2
c y d y 6 a y = 4x + 4 b y = − x c y = −x − 2
3
1 1
1 d y = x −1 e y =3 f x = −2
x 2 2
–1 0
x 7 Some possible answers:
–1 0 –1 2
a y = 4x − 3 b y = − x − 1 c y = −x − 1
y
3
3a y b 1
d y = x +1 e y =4 f x = −1
2
3 Check with your teacher for other answers.
3 3 1 1
8a y = x +9 b y =− x −1
x 1 4 2 2
–3 0 0
x c y=3 d y = −3
1 1 4 1
–
3
9a y = x +3 b y =− x +3
3 2
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
588 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2
1
Answers
c y = −0.7x + 6.7 d y =1 x −3 5 a x + 3y = 11 b 7x + 5y = 20
2 c 2x + y = 4 d –11x + 3y = –61
3
e y =− x +6 f y = −x 6 a y = 2x − 9, m = 2
4
3 5 3
2
10 a y = − x + 4 b y = −2x − 6 b y = − x + ,m = −
3 4 2 4
1 1
1 c y = − x − 2, m = −
c y =− x +4 d y = −x + 8 3 3
2 5 5
2 2 2 d y = x − 2, m =
11 a y = x + 4 by= x− 2 2
3 3 3
1 1 1 7a y b y
c y = x +1 d y =− x +2
2 2 2
1
e y = x + 3.5 f y = − x + 0.25 5 x x
2 0 0 3
12 Yes
2x 1 3x
13 AB: y = + BC: y = − +9 –10 –9
3 3 2
1 3 y
AC: y = x − c y d
8 4
10 10
Exercise 2D
x x
0 5
1 a (0, 4), (4, 0) b (0, −4) (4, 0) –2 0
c (0, −6), (−6, 0) d (0, 8) (−8, 0)
1
2 a y = −2x + 6 b y = x −2 4 14
2 8 a = −4, b = , d = −1, e =
−1 3 3
c y=x dy= x +3
2 y
3a y b
2
Exercise 2E
x x
0 1 –2 0 1 a d = 50t b d = 40t + 5
–1 2 a V = 5t b V = 10 + 5t
3 w = 20n + 350, possible values for
c y
n = N ∪ {0}
4 a v = 500 − 2.5t
b domain: 0 ≤ t ≤ 200, range: 0 ≤ v ≤ 500
x c v
0 2
–4 500
4a y b y
x x
0 6 0 0 200 t
8
–4 –2 5 C = 1.5n + 2.6
6 a C = 0.24x + 85 b $145
c y d y 7 d = 200 − 5t
8a
10
w (g)
6
51
x x
–8 0 –4 0
e y f y 50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x (cm)
x x
0 15
0 15 b w = 0.2x + 50 c x = 12.5 cm
4 – 15 7 9 a C = 0.06n − 1 b $59
–5 2
10 a C = 5n + 175 b Yes c $175
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 589
Exercise 2F b d (km)
Answers
57
1a bt =5
C
A
B
30 0 90 t (min)
20 c 10.30 am d Maureen 30 km, Anne 27 km
10
8 a = 0.28 and b = 0.3, m/s
0 t 3
2a b 2.00 pm
d Exercise 2G
dB
1a 135◦ b 45◦ c 26.57◦ d 135◦
dA
15 2a 45◦ b 135◦ c 45◦ d 135◦
e 63.43◦ ◦
(to 2 d.p.) f 116.57 (to 2 d.p.)
5 3a 45◦ b 26◦ 34 c 161◦ 34
d 49◦ 24 e 161◦ 34 f 135◦
0 t
4a 71◦ 34 b 135◦ c 45◦ d 161◦ 34
3 a C1 = 210 + 1.6x b 3 5
5 m BC = − , m AB =
C2 = 330 C 5 3
300 3 5
75 ∴ m BC × m AB = − × = −1
5 3
200 ∴ ABC is a right-angled triangle
0 20 40 60 80 x 6 m RS = − 12 , m ST = 2 ∴ RS ⊥ ST
m UT = − 12 , m ST = 2 ∴ U T ⊥ ST (Also need
c Fixed charge method is cheaper when x > 75.
to show S R = U T .)
4a ∴ RST U is a rectangle.
d
500 7 y = 2x + 2
8 a 2x – 3y = 14 b 2y + 3x = 8
B
16 80
A 9 l = − ,m =
C 3 3
0 5 10 15 20 25 t (hours)
Exercise 2H
b C wins the race
d C, leaving 5 hours after B, overtakes B 13 12 1 a 7.07 b 4.12 c 5.83 d 13
hours after B had started and then overtakes A 2 29.27 3 DN
20 hours after A had started. C wins the race
with a total handicap time of 22 12 hours (12 12 Exercise 2I
hours for journey + 10 hours handicap) with A
and B deadheating for 2nd, each with a total b 12 , 12
1 a (5, 8)
handicap time of 25 hours. c (1.6, 0.7) d (–0.7, 0.85)

5 Both craft will pass over the point 5 13 , −4 2 MAB (3, 3). MBC 8, 3 2 . MAC 6, 1 12
1
6 a C T = 2.8x, C B = 54 + x 3 Coordinates of C are (6, 8.8)

b $C c >30 students 1
4 a PM = 12.04 b No, it passes through 0, 3 3
5 a (4, 4) b (2, –0.2) c (–2, 5) d (–4, –3)
54
1+a 4+b
6 , ; a = 9, b = −6
2 2
0 30 x Exercise 2J
1 3
7 a d A = t, d M = 57 − t 1 a 34◦ 41 b 45◦ c 90◦ d 49◦ 24 e 26◦ 33
3 10
Multiple-choice questions
1A 2E 3C 4D 5B
6E 7D 8C 9E 10 E
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Short-answer questions 5 a i C = 0.091n ii C = 1.65 + 0.058n

(technology-free) iii C = 6.13 + 0.0356n
b
9 10 b −b C ($)
1a b− c undefined d −1 e f 15 (300, 16.81)
4 11 a a
10 (200, 13.25)
2 a y = 4x b y = 4x + 5 c y = 4x + 2
d y = 4x − 5 5 (50, 4.55)
20
3 a a = −2 b 0 100 200 300 n (kWh)
3 i For 30 kWh, C = 2.73
4 4y + 3x = −7 5 3y + 2x = −5
ii For 90 kWh, C = 6.87
6 a = −3, b = 5, c = 14
iii For 300 kWh, C = 16.81
7 a y = 11 b y = 6x − 10 c 3y + 2x = −3
c 389.61 kWh
8 a midpoint = (3, 2), length = 4 7 2 1
6 a y = − x + 14 b 20 km south
1 9 √ 3 3 3
b midpoint = − , − , length = 74
2 2 7 a s = 100 − 7x
b
5 s (%)
c midpoint = 5, , length = 5
2 100
√ √
9 3y − x = 3 3 − 2 10 y + x = 1 11 37◦ 52
Extended-response questions 0 100

≈ 14.3 x (%)
7
1a 5 2
c % d 14 %
S 7 7
8 e Probably not a realistic model at this value
of s
2
f 0 ≤ x ≤ 14
7
1 8a AB, y = x + 2; CD, y = 2x − 6
220 279 l b Intersection is at (8, 10), i.e. on the near bank.
b Since the graph is a line of best fit answers 128 199 128
9a b y=− x+
may vary according to the method used; e.g. if 19 190 19
the two end points 20
are used then the rule
is c No, since gradient of AB is (1.053),
7 59 1481 19
S= l − 25.1 or l = S+
59 7 7 whereas the gradient of V C is –1.047
If a least squares method is used the rule is 41
10 a No b1 km to the east of H
l = 8.46S + 211.73. 71
c 11 a y = x − 38 b B (56, 18)
C c y = −2x + 166 d (78, 10)
41 12 a L = 3n + 7
b L
61
33
220 273 l
d Again this is a line of best fit. If the two end
points are used then 10
8 11 53C − 11 0 1 18 n
C= l− (or l = )
53 53 8 13 a C = 40x + 30 000
A least squares method gives b $45 c 5000 d R = 80x
l = 6.65C + 0.6166. e
2a C = 110 + 38n b 12 days $’000
c Less than 5 days 300 R = 80x
3a Cost of the plug 200
b Cost per metre of the cable C = 40x + 30 000
100
1
c 1.8 d 11 m 0 1000 2000 3000 x
9
4a The maximum profit (when x = 0) f 751 g P = 40x − 30 000
b 43 seats
c The profit reduces by $24 for every seat empty.
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Answers 591
14 a Method 1: Cost = $226.75; Method 2: g 3x 2 + 4x + 3 h −10x 2 + 5x − 2
Answers
Cost = $227; ∴ Method 1 cheaper i x 2 + y 2 − z 2 − 2x y
j ax − ay − bx + by
0 1000 2000 3000
8a i x 2 + 2x + 1 ii (x + 1)2
b Method 1 100 181.25 262.50 343.75 b i (x − 1)2 + 2(x − 1) + 1 ii x 2
Method 2 110 185 260 335
Exercise 3B
Cost the same for approx. 1600 units
c 1a 2(x + 2) b 4(a − 2) c 3(2 − x)
110
d 2(x − 5) e 6(3x + 2) f 8(3 − 2x)
cost ($) 100 2a 2x(2x − y) b 8x(a + 4y)
300 c 6b(a − 2) d 2x y(3 + 7x)
343.75
200 e x(x + 2) f 5x(x − 3)
335 g −4x(x + 4) h 7x(1 + 7x)
100
i x(2 − x) j 3x(2x − 3)
0
1000 2000 3000 units k x y(7x − 6y) l 2x y 2 (4x + 3)
1600 3a (x 2 + 1)(x + 5)
b (x − 1)(x + 1)( y − 1)( y + 1)
d C1 = 0.08125x + 100 (1)
c (a + b)(x + y) d (a 2 + 1)(a − 3)
C2 = 0.075x + 110 (2)
e (x − a)(x + a)(x − b)
x = 1600
4a (x − 6)(x + 6) b (2x − 9)(2x + 9)
15 a (17, 12) b 3y = 2x + 2
2 2 c 2(x − 7)(x + 7) d 3a(x − 3)(x − 3)
16 a PD: y = x + 120; DC: y = x + 136; e (x − 6)(x + 2) f (7 + x)(3 − x)
3 5
5 g 3(x − 1)(x + 3) h −5(2x + 1)
CB: y = − x + 600 5a (x − 9)(x + 2) b ( y − 16)( y − 3)
2
2 3 c (3x − 1)(x − 2) d (2x + 1)(3x + 2)
AB: y = x + 20; AP: y = − x + 120 e (a − 2)(a − 12) f (a + 9)2
5 5
g (5x + 3)(x + 4) h (3y + 6)( y − 6)
b At B and C since product of gradients is −1
2 5 i 2(x − 7)(x − 2) j 4(x − 3)(x − 6)
e.g. m DC = , m CB = − ; k 3(x + 2)(x + 3) l a(x + 3)(x + 4)
5 2 m x(5x − 6)(x − 2) n 3x(4 − x)2
2 5
× − = −1 o x(x + 2)
5 2
17 a y = 3x + 2 b (0, 2) c y = 3x − 8
d (2, –2) e Area = 10 square units Exercise 3C
f Area = 40 square units
1 a 2 or 3 b 0 or 2 c 4 or 3
Chapter 3 d 4 or 3 e 3 or −4 f 0 or 1
5
g or 6 h −4 or 4
Exercise 3A 2
2 a −0.65 or 4.65 b −0.58 or 2.58
c −2.58 or 0.58
1a 2x − 8 b −2x + 8 c 6x − 12
3 a 4, 2 b 11, –3 c 4, –16
d −12 + 6x e x 2 − x f 2x 2 − 10x 3 1 3
2a 6x + 1 b 3x − 6 c x + 1 d 5x − 3 d 2, –7 e − , –1 f ,
3a 14x − 32 b 2x 2 − 11x 2 2 2
32 − 16x d 6x − 11 2 3 3
c g –3, 8 h − ,− i − ,2
4a 2x 2 − 11x b 3x 2 − 15x c −20x − 6x 2 3 2 2
d 6x − 9x 2 + 6x 3 e 2x 2 − x f 6x − 6 5 3 1 3
,3
j k − ,3 l ,
5a 6x 2 − 2x − 28 b x 2 − 22x + 120 6 2 2 5
c 36x 2 − 4 d 8x 2 − 22x + 15 3 2 1
√ √ √ m− , n o –5, 1
e x − ( 3 + 2)x + 2 3 f 2x 2 + 5x − 5
2
4 3 2
1
6a x 2 − 8x + 16 b 4x 2 − 12x + 9 p 0, 3 q –5, –3 r ,2
1 5
c 36 − 24x + 4x 2
d x2 − x + 3
√ √ 4 4 4 and 9 53 6 2, 2
e x 2 − 2 5x + 5 f x 2 − 4 3x + 12 8
7 13 8 50 9 6 cm, 2 cm
7a 6x 3 − 5x 2 − 14x + 12 b x3 − 1 10 5 11 $90, $60 12 42
c 24 − 20x − 8x 2 + 6x 3 d x2 − 9
e 4x 2 − 16 f 81x 2 − 121
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
j i (1, 2) y
Exercise 3D
ii x = 1
y iii none
a i (0, −4)
ii x = 0 3
iii (−2, 0), (2, 0) (1, 2)
x
x 0
–2 0 2 y
k i (−1, −1)
(0, – 4) ii x = −1
y
b i (0, 2) iii (−2, 0)(0, 0)
ii x = 0 –2 0
x
iii none
(–1, –1)
(0, 2)
x y
0 l i (3, 1)
y ii x = 3 (3, 1)
c i (0, 3) iii (2, 0)(4, 0) x
ii x =√0 √ (0, 3) 0 2 4
iii (− 3, 0), ( 3, 0) –8
–√3 √3
x
0
y
m i (−2, −4)
d i (0, 5) y ii x = −2
x =0
ii iii (−4, 0), (0, 0)
(0, 5)
5 5
iii − ,0 , ,0 – √ 25 √2
5
–4 0
x
2 2 x
0 (–2, –4)
n i (−2, −18) y
e i (2, 0)
y ii x = −2
iii (−5, 0), (1, 0) 1
ii x = 2 0
x
–5
iii (2, 0) 4 –10
(–2, –18)
x y
0 2 o i (4, 3)
y ii x = 4 (4, 3)
f i (−3, 0)
iii (3, 0), (5, 0)
ii x = −3
iii (−3, 0) x
9 0 3 5
x
–3 0 p i (−5, −2) y
y
g i (−1, 0) ii x = −5 x
(–5, –2) 0
ii x = −1 0 iii none
x
iii (−1, 0) –1
–1 – 29
2
q i (−2, −12) y
y
h i (4, 0) ii x = −2
ii x = 4 iii (0, 0), (−4, 0)
x x
iii (4, 0) 0 4 –4 0
(–2, –12)
–8
y r i (2, 8) y
i i (2, −1) ii x = 2√ √
ii x = 2 iii (2 − 2, 0)(2 + 2, 0) 2 – √2 (2, 8) 2 + √2
iii (1, 0)(3, 0) 3 x
0
1 3
x
0 –8
(2, –1)
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 593
Exercise 3E i y = 3(x − 1)2 + 9
Answers
t. pt (1, 9)
y
1 a x 2 − 2x + 1 b x 2 + 4x + 4 c x 2 − 6x + 9
d x 2 − 6x + 9 e x 2 + 4x + 4 f x 2 − 10x + 25
1 9
g x2 − x + h x 2 − 3x +
4 4
12
2 a (x − 2)2 b (x − 6)2 c −(x − 2)2
(1, 9)
1 2 x
d 2(x − 2)2 e −2(x − 3)2 f x − 0
2

3 2 5 2
g x− h x+
√
2
√
2
√ Exercise 3F
3a 1± 2 b 2± 6 c 3± 7
√ √ 1a 7 b7 c1
5 ± 17 2± 2 1
d e f − ,2 2 a −2 b8 c −4
2 2 3
√ 3a y b y
√ −1 ± 1 − k 2
g −1 ± 1 − k h
√ k
3k ± 9k 2 − 4
i x
2 –6 –3 0
4a y = (x − 1)2 + 2 b y = (x + 2)2 − 3 –1 0
x
t. pt (1, 2) t. pt (−2, −3) 1 (–3, –9)
y y
c y d y
1 25
3 x x
0 x –2 0 2
(1, 2) –5 0 5
x (–2, –3) –4
0 2
3 5
cy= x− − d y = (x − 4) − 4 2
e y f y
2 4
t. pt (4, −4)
3 5
t. pt ,− y
y 2 4 – 23
x x
–2 –1 0
12 0 1 2
1 x – 43 , –1 18 (1, –2)
x 0
0 y y
(– 4 , – 4) g h
3
, – 45 – 43 , 1 81
2
1 2 9 f y = 2(x + 1)2 − 4
ey= x− − t. pt (−1, −4) x
2 4 1
–2 –1 0
1 9 y x
t. pt ,− – 23 0
2 4
y
4a y b y
0 x
–2 4
x x
0 (–1, – 4) –5 0 2
–10 0 x
–2 1 4
1,
– 49
2
– 23 , –12 41 2 21 , –2 41
g y = −(x − 2)2 + 5 h y = −2(x + 3)2 + 6
t. pt (2, 5) t. pt (−3, 6) c y d y
y y
(2, 5) (–3, 6) x 3
–3 0 1
x 0 x
1 0 –3
x –3 –1
0 (–1, –4) (–2, –1)
–12
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
e f (x) f f (x) Exercise 3H

–1 , 61 a 1.5311 b −1.1926 c 1.8284 d 1.4495
2 4
x 6
– 1 0 1
2
–1 Exercise 3I
1 x
4
, –1 18 –3 –1 0 2
1 a 20 b −12 c 25 d 41 e 41
g f (x) h f (x) 2 a Crosses the x-axis b Does not cross
c Just touches the x-axis
–2 21 , 1
4
x
d Crosses the x-axis e Does not cross
x
–3 –2 0 –3 0 8 f Does not cross
3 a 2 real roots b No real roots c 2 real roots
–6 –24
d 2 real roots e 2 real roots f No real roots
2 1 , –30 41 4 a = 0, one rational root
2
b = 1, two rational roots
c = 17, two irrational roots
Exercise 3G d = 0, one rational root
e = 57, two irrational roots
√ √
1 a i 40 ii 2√10 b i 28 ii 2√7 f = 1, two rational roots
c i 172 ii 2√43 d i 96 ii 4 6 5 The discriminant = (m + 4)2 ≥ 0 for all m,
e i 189 ii 3 21 therefore rational solution(s).
√
√ 3− 5
2a 1+ 5 b
√ 2 Exercise 3J
1+ 5 √
c d 1+2 2 1 a {x : x ≥ 2} ∪ {x : x ≤ −4}
2 √
√ 7 ± 61 1 b {x : −3 < x <
8} c {x: −2 ≤ x ≤ 6}
3 a −3 ± 13 b c ,2 3
2 2 √ d {x : x > 3} ∪ x : x < −
3√ 3√ 30
2
d −1 ± 2 e −2 ± 2 f 1± 3 2
√
2 2 5
√ e x :− < x < − f {x : −3 ≤ x ≤ −2}
2 3
2 −3 −3 ± 6

g 1± h 1, i 2 3
2 2 5 g x :x > ∪ x :x < −
√ √ 3 4
−13 ± 145 2 ± 4 − 2k 2
j k

12 2k 1 3
√ h x: ≤x ≤ i {x : −4 ≤ x ≤ 5}
2k ± 6k 2 − 2k 2 5

l
2(1 − k) 1 √ 1 √
j p : (5 − 41) ≤ p ≤ (5 + 41)
4 r = 2.16 m 2 2
5a y b y k {y : y < −1} ∪ {y : y > 3}
l {x : x ≤ −2} ∪ {x : x ≥ −1}
0 √ √ √
x x 2a i − 5<m < 5 ii m = ± 5
–5.19 –1 0 √ √
0.19 – 0.28 –1 1.78 iii m > 5 or m < − 5
4 4
b i 0<m < ii m =
(–2.5, –7.25) (0.75, –2.125) 3 3
4
c y d y iii m > or m < 0
3
(–1.5, 3.25) 4 4
x c i − < m < 0 ii m = 0 or m = −
0 5 5
–3.24 1.24 4
–3.3 0.3 iii m < − or m > 0
1 –4 5
x d i –2 < m < 1 ii m = –2 or 1
0 (–1, –5) iii m > 1 or m < –2
e y f y 4 −1
3p> 4p= 5 −2 < p < 8
2
x 3 2
0 , –2 1
3 3
–1 – 0.25 1 –1 Exercise 3K
x
0 –2 1 a (2, 0), (–5, 7) b (1, –3), (4, 9)
(– 0.625, – 0.5625) c (1, –3), (–3, 1) d (–1, 1), (–3, 3)
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 595
√
1+ 33√ 8 y = (x + 1)2 + 3
1 2
Answers
e , −3 − 33 , 9y= x − x + 75
2 180
√ 10 a C b B c D d A
1 − 33 √
, −3 + 33 11 y = 2x 2 − 4x 12 y = x 2 − 2x − 1
2 13 y = −2x 2 + 8x − 6
√
5 + 33 √ 14 a y = ax(x − 10), a > 0
f , 23 + 3 33 , b y = a(x + 4)(x − 10), a < 0
2
√ 1
5 − 33 √ cy= (x − 6)2 + 6
, 23 − 3 33 18
2 d y = a(x − 8)2 , a < 0
2 a Touch at (2, 0) b Touch at (3, 9) 1
15 a y = − x 2 + x + 2
c Touch at (−2, −4) d Touch at (−4, −8) 4
3 a x = 8, y = 16 and x = –1, y = 7 b y = x2 + x − 5
16 1 1 1 3
b x = − , y = 37 and x = 2, y = 30 16 r = − t 2 + 2 t − 6
3 3 8 2 8
4 2 17 a B bD
c x = , y = 10 and x = –3, y = 18
5 5
2
d x = 10 , y = 0 and x = l, y = 29
3 Exercise 3M
3 1
e x = 0, y = –12 and x = , y = −7
2 2 1 a A = 60x − 2x 2
f x = 1.14, y = 14.19 and x = –1.68, b A
y = 31.09 450
4 a −13
y
bi
0 15 30 x
c Maximum area = 450 m2
2 2a E
0.3
x
–3.3 0 100
√ √
ii m = −6 ± 32 = −6 ± 4 2 0 0.5 1x
−1 1 b 0 and 1 c 0.5 d 0.23 and 0.77
5a c= bc>−
4 4 3 a A = 34x − x 2
6 a = 3 or a √
= −1 7 b = √
1 b A
8 y = (2 + 2 3)x√− 4 − 2 3 √
and y = (2 − 2 3)x − 4 + 2 3 289
Exercise 3L 0 17 34 x
c 289 cm2
12 2a = −4, c = 8 4 a C($)
4 −24
3a= ,b= 4a = −2, b = 1, c = 6 3000
7 7 2000
5 1000
5a y = − x2 + 5 b y = x2
16 0 1 2 3 4 h
1 2 7
c y= x + x d y = x − 4x + 3
2 The domain depends on the height of the
11 11
alpine area. For example in Victoria the
5 5 3
e y = − x2 − x + 3 highest mountain is approx. 2 km high
4 2 4 and the minimum alpine height would
f y = x 2 − 4x + 6 be approx. 1 km, thus for Victoria,
5 Domain = [1, 2].
6y = (x + 1)2 + 3
16 b Theoretically no, but of course there is a
1 practical maximum
7y = − (x 2 − 3x − 18) c $ 1225
2
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
5a T 3a 4(x − 2) b x(3x + 8) c 3x(8a − 1)

(’000) t Œ(0.18, 15.82) d (2 − x)(2 + x) e a(u + 2v + 3w)
0.18 15.82 f a 2 (2b − 3a)(2b + 3a) g (1 − 6ax)(1 + 6ax)
h (x + 4)(x − 3) i (x + 2)(x − 1)
0 8 16 t
j (2x − 1)(x + 2) k (3x + 2)(2x + 1)
b 8874 units
l (3x + 1)(x − 3) m (3x − 2)(x + 1)
6a
x 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 n (3a − 2)(2a + 1) o (3x − 2)(2x − 1)
4a y y
d 1 3.5 5 5.5 5 3.5 1 b
(0, 3)
3 3
– ,0 ,0
d √2 √2
x
0
5 (0, 3)
x
4 0
c y y
3 d
2
1 11 11
0 (2, 3)
x (–2, 3)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 x x
0 0
b i 5.5 m √ √
ii 15 − 5 7 m or 15 + 5 7 m from the bat e y
f y
iii 1 m above the ground.
7 a y = −2x 2 − x + 5 b y = 2x 2 − x − 5 3
(0, 9)
4– , 0
5 11 29 √2 3
c y = 2x 2 + x − 4+
√2
, 0 x
2 2 0 3
x – 23 2
16 8 0
8a=− , b= , c=0 (4, –3)
15 5
7 41 53 g y y
9 a a = − , b= , c= h
21600 400 12
b S (0, 11)
(0, 12)
hundreds of
thousands x
dollars 53 0 (2, 0) (2, 3)
x
12 0
5a y b y
354.71 t (days)
c i S = $1 236 666 ii S = $59 259
–1 0 x x
–5 5 0 6
Multiple-choice questions (2, –9) (3, –9)
y y
1A 2C 3C 4E 5B c d
6C 7E 8E 9D 10 A –2 + √6
(0, 4) x
4 – 2√3 –2 – √6 0
(0, – 4)
x
Short-answer questions (technology-free) 0 4 + 2√3 (–2, –12)
2 2 (4, –12)
9 2
1a x+ b (x + 9)2 c x− y
2 5 e y f
d (x + b)2 e (3x − 1)2 f (5x + 2)2 (–2, 21) (2, 9)
2a −3x + 6 b −ax + a 2
c 49a 2 − b2 (0, 9) –2 + √7
–2 – √7 5
d x − x − 12 e 2x − 5x − 12
2 2
f x 2 − y2 x x
0 –1 0 5
g a − b h 6x 2 + 8x y + 2y 2 i 3a 2 − 5a − 2
3 3
j 4x y k 2u + 2v − uv l −3x 2 + 15x − 12
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 597
7 1 b y
6 a ii x = b ii x = −
Answers
y 2 2 5
y
49 4
– 21 ,
4
(0, 6) (0, 12) 3
x 2
0 1 6 x
7
, –25 –4 0 3 1
2 2
0 x
5
c ii x = d ii x = 5 0 10 20 30 40 50
2 y c 10.57 m and 39.43 m
y √ √
5 81 25 3 25 3
2
, 4 25 − m and 25 + m
(0, 16) 3 3
14
x d 3.2832 m
x 0 2 8 e 3.736 m (correct to 3 decimal places)
–2 0 7 (5, –9)
12 − 4x
2 a Width of rectangle = m, length of
1 13 6
e ii x = − f ii x = 12 − 4x
4 12 rectangle = m
y y 3
17 2 16
– 31 b A= x − x +8
x 9 3
x 0 5 96
–3 0 5
–5 c Length for square = m and length for
2 2
17
(0, –15) 108
– 41 , –15 18 13
, –12
1
rectangle = m (≈ 5.65 × 6.35 m)
12 24
17
g ii x = 0 h ii x = 0 3 a V = 0.72x − 1.2x
2
b 22 hours
y y 4 a V = 10 800x + 120x 2
b V = 46.6x 2 + 5000x c l = 55.18 m
5x
5 a l = 50 −
x x 2
– 43 0 4 – 52 0 5 5
3 2 b A = 50x − x 2
(0, –16) (0, –25)
2
c A
(10, 250)
7 a −0.55, −5.45 b −1.63, −7.37 250
c 3.414, 0.586 d −0.314, −3.186
e −0.719, −2.781 f 0.107, −3.107
5
8 y = x(x − 5) 0 10 20 x
3
9 y = 3(x − 5)2 + 2 d Maximum area = 250 m when x = 10 m
2
√
10 y = 5(x − 1)2 + 5 −1 + 5
6x=
11 a (3, 9), (−1, 1) √ 2
b (−1.08, 2.34), (5.08, 51.66) 7 a 25 + x 2
√
c (0.26, 2), (−2.6, 2) b i 16 − x ii x 2 − 32x + 265

1 1 c 7.5 d 10.840 e 12.615
d , , (−2, 8)
2 2 8 a i y = 64t + 100(t − 0.5)2
2
√ √
12 a m = ± 8 = ±2 2 √
√ √ = 164t 2 − 100t + 25
b m ≤ − 5 or m ≥ 5 ii y
c b2 − 4ac = 16 > 0 (km)
Extended-response questions 5
1 a y = –0.0072x(x – 50)
0 t (h)
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
1 9 c y d y
; 1.30 pm t =
iii t = ; 1.07 pm
2 82
iv 0.305; 1.18 pm; distance 3.123 √ km
25 ± 2 269
1
25 1, 2
b i 0, ii x x
41 82 0 0
9 b 2x + 2y = b (1, –3)
c 8x 2 − 4bx + b2 − 16a 2 = 0
√ √
e i x = 6 ± 14, y = 6 ∓ 14 e y
f y
√
ii x = y = 2a
√ √
(5 ± 7)a (5 ∓ 7)a
fx= ,y = 0
x
4 4 2
10 a b = –2, c = 4, h = 1 –3
b i (x, –6 + 4x − x 2 ) ii (x, x − 1) 0
x
iii (0, –1) (1, 0) (2, 1) (3, 2) (4, 3)

iv y = x − 1
y y
c i d = 2x 2 − 6x + 10 g h
ii d
x
0
5
(0, 10) –4
x
(1.5, 5.5) 0
0 x y y
i j
iii min value of d = 5.5 occurs when x = 1.5
√
11 a 45 5
b i y = 1 (7x 2 − 190x + 20 400) 0
x
0
x
600 –1 1 –2
– 12
190 5351
ii ,
14 168
c k y l y
d
A B
(–20, 45) (40, 40) 0 3
x
D –3 13
(60, 30) 4
1 3
y= x x –4
2 0
O –1
x
C (–30, –15)
2a y = 0, x = 0 b y = 0, x = 0
d i The distance (measured parallel to the c y = 0, x = 0 d y = 0, x = 0
y-axis) between path and pond. e y = 2, x = 0 f y = −3, x = 0
473
ii minimum value = when x = 35 g y = −4, x = 0 h y = 5, x = 0
24 i y = 0, x = 1 j y = 0, x = −2
k y = 3, x = −1 l y = −4, x = 3
Chapter 4
Exercise 4B
Exercise 4A y y
1a b
1a y b y
0 x
1
9
x
(1, 2) –3 0 –4
(1, 1)
x x
0 0
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 599
c y d y g y y
h
Answers
(2, 3)
0 2 4 x x
x 0 11 0
3
– 41 (4, –2)
x
0 1
x ≥ 2 and y ≤ 3 x ≤ 4 and y ≥ −2
y y i y
e f
0
x
–3 x
1 0
–4 1 (–4, –1)
2 x
0
2
x ≤ −4 and y ≤ −1
g y y
h
Exercise 4D
–3
x
0 1 a x 2 + y2 = 9 b x 2 + y 2 = 16
–5 23
2 c (x − 1)2 + ( y − 3)2 = 25
–6 15 d (x − 2)2 + ( y + 4)2 = 9
1 16 25
x e (x + 3)2 + ( y − 4)2 =
0 4 4
f (x + 5)2 + ( y + 6)2 = (4.6)2 √
2a y = 0, x = –3 b y = –4, x = 0 2 a C(1, 3), r = 2 b C(2, −4), r = 5
c y = 0, x = 2 d y = 3, x = 1 c C(−3, 2), r = 3 d C(0, 3), r = 5
e y = –4, x = –3 f y = 1, x = 2 e C(−3, −2), r = 6 f C(3, −2), r = 2√
g y = –6, x = –3 h y = 2, x = 4 g C(−2, 3), r = 5 h C(4, −2), r = 19
y
3a y b
Exercise 4C
7
8
a y b y
4
x
–8 0 8
3
(2, 3) 1
x
x x –8 0
0 0 y
c y d
x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 3 x ≥ 2 and y ≥ 3
4
c y d y x
–7 –2 0 3 0
x
–1
1 + √2
11 (–2, 1)
x x y y
0
0 e f
(2, –3) 5
2
x ≥ 2 and y ≥ −3 x ≥ −2 and y ≥ 1 3
x
e y f y 0
x
0 3
(–2, 3) 2
1 y y
3 – √2 4
g h
x x
0 7 0 4
2√2 – 3 x
0
(–2, –3) 3
x ≥ −2 and y ≤ 3 x ≥ −2 and y ≥ −3 x –11
0
–2
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
2

Answers
y y
i j 3 5 2 50
b x− + y+ =
2 2 4

–5 5 1 2 1 2 17
x x c x− + y+ =
–3 0 3 0 4 4 8
d (x + 2) + ( y − 3) = 13
2 2
y
e (x − 3)2 + ( y − 3)2 = 18
k
y l f (x − 2)2 + ( y + 3)2 = 13
5
3 2y + 3x = 0 4 2x + 2y = 1 or y = x −
2
5 a (x − 3)2 + ( y − 4)2 b (x + 1)2 + y 2 = 1
x y
–4 0 2 8
(–2, 2) = 25
y
x
0
(–1, 0)
4 (x − 2)2 + ( y + 3)2 = 9 x
(3, 4) 0
5 (x − 2)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 20
6 (x − 4)2 + ( y − 4)2 = 20 x
0
7 Centre
√ √ =6
(–2, 3), radius 1 2
8 2 21 (x-axis), 4 6 (y-axis) c (x − 4)2 + ( y − 4)2 d x− +
=4 2
2
Multiple-choice questions y 1 1
y+ =
3 36
1E 2B 3E 4A 5A (4, 4) y
6D 7D 8C 9E 10 B
x
0 1
Short-answer questions (technology-free) x
y 0
1a y b
–1
1
2
, – 13
(1, 2) y y
(–1, 3) x 6a b
x 0
0
y –5 –1 3
c y d x
0
x
(0, 3) –3 0 3
(2, 1) y=1
0 x
x y y
(–3, 0) 0 c d
(0, –1)
x=1 x = –1
y
e y f (0, 2)
x
x=1 0
–1 1
(0, 1) x
x 0 (–2, –3)
x 0
0
y
g y h Extended-response questions √
x=2 3
(0, 5) y=1 1 a (x − 10)2 + y 2 = 25 c m = ±
y=3 x
√ 3
(–√3, 0) (√3, 0) 15 ±5 3 √
0 10
x d P , e5 3
3 2 2
i y j y
2 a x 2 + y 2 =√16 √ √
3 3 8 3
(3, 2)
b ii m = ± ;y= x− ,
2 3 3 3
x 0
x √ √
0 3 8 3
y=− x+
3 3
k y
4 −3 125
(–2, 2) 3a b c 4y + 3x = 25 d
3 4 12
0
y1 −x1
x 4a i ii
–1 x1 y1
–2√2 + 2 √ √ √ √
c 2x + 2y = 8 or 2x + 2y = −8
2 a (x − 3)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 25
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 601
√ √ √ √
− 3 2 3 3 2 3 Exercise 5B
Answers
5a y= x+ a, y = x− a
3 3 3 3
b x + y = 4a
2 2 2
1a Domain = [−2, 2], Range = [−1, 2]
6 bii y b Domain = [−2, 2], Range = [−2, 2]
y = ⋅x – 1
4 c Domain = R, Range = [−1, ∞)
d Domain = R, Range = (−∞, 4]
0 x y
2a y b
–1
4
1
, 144 (2, 3)
x
−1 −1 x 0
ci <k<0 ii k = 0 or k < 0
4 4 (2, –1)
iii k > 0
1 1
7a 0<k < bk= or k ≤ 0 Range = [3, ∞) Range = (−∞, −1]
4 4
c y d y
(3, 11)
Chapter 5
1
– 23 2
Exercise 5A 0
x x
0
(–4, –7)
1a {7, 11} b {7, 11}
c {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 15, 25, 30, 32}
d {1, 2, 3, 5, 15} e {1} f {1, 7, 11} Range = [−7, ∞) Range = (−∞, 11)
2a (–2, 1] b [–3, 3] c [–3, 2) d (–1, 2) e y f y
3a (3, 4)
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 (–2, 5)
1
b x
–1 0 x
– 31 0
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 –1
c (6, –19)
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 Range = (−∞, 4]
Range = [−19, 5]
d g y h y
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 (–5, 14) (4, 19)
e (–1, 2)
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x 1
x
0 –1 0 5
f
(–2, –11)
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4√
4 a [–1, 2] b (−4, 2] c (0, 2) Range = (−11, 19)
√
3 1 Range = [2, 14]
d − ,√ e (−1, ∞) f (−∞, −2]
2 2 3 a Range = [1, ∞) b Range = [0, ∞)
y y
g (−∞, ∞) h [0, ∞) i (−∞, 0]
5 a {1, 7} b {7}
c B, i.e. {7, 11, 25, 30, 32} d (2, ∞)
(0, 1)
6a (0, 1)
x x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 (–1, 0) 0
b c Range = [0, 4] d Range = [2, ∞)
y y
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
c 4
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(–1, 2)
x x
d –2 0 2 0
–2 –1 0 1 2 3
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
e Range = (−∞, 4] f Range = [−2, 2] c y d y

y y
(2, 2) 2 3
(1, 4) 2
x 1 x
3 0 8
x 0 1 4 9
0
x (–1, –1) a function
–1 0 3 a function Domain = {x : x ≥ 0}
(0, –2)
Domain = [0, ∞) Range = {y : y ≥ 0}
Range = (–∞, 2]
39 15
g Range = ,∞ h Range = ,∞ e y f y
8 y 4
y
6 x x
6 3 15 0 0
3 39 ,
,
4 8
2 4
x x
0 0
4a y b y a function a function
Domain = R\{0} Domain = R+
3 Range = R+ Range = R+
(2, 3)
x g y h y
–3 0 3 x (4, 16)
0
–3
(–1, 1)
Domain −3 ≤ x ≤ 3 Domain −2 ≤ x ≤ 6
x x
Range −3 ≤ y ≤ 3 Range −1 ≤ y ≤ 7 0 0
c y d y
not a function
a function Domain = [0, ∞)
5
Domain = [–1, 4] Range = R
1 Range = [0, 16]
,2
2 x
x –5 0 5 2 a Not a function, Domain = {0, 1, 2, 3};
0
Range = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 Domain −5 ≤ x ≤ 5
b A function, Domain = {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2};
1 1 Range 0 ≤ y ≤ 5 Range = {−5, −2, −1, 2, 4}
Range 1 ≤ y ≤ 2
2 2 c Not a function, Domain = {−1, 0, 3, 5};
e Range = {1, 2, 4, 6}
y f y d A function, Domain = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6};
–5 5 Range = {3}
0
x –3 7
x e A function, Domain = R; Range = {−2}
0 f Not a function, Domain = {3}; Range = Z
–5
g A function, Domain = R; Range = R
Domain −5 ≤ x ≤ 5 h A function, Domain = R; Range = [5, ∞)
Domain −3 ≤ x ≤ 7
Range −5 ≤ y ≤ 0
Range −5 ≤ y ≤ 0 i Not a function, Domain = [−3, 3];
Range = [−3, 3]
3 a i –3 ii 5 iii −5 iv 9
4
bi4 ii − 4 iii iv 2
Exercise 5C 3
ci4 ii 36 iii 36 iv (a − 2)2
a −a
1a y b y d i 0 ii iii iv 1 – a
1+a 1−a
1
2 4a 1 b c ±3 d –1, 4 e –1, 3 f –2, 3
6
16
5 a g(−1) = −1, g(2) = 8, g(−2) = 0
x
0 2 b h(−1) = 3, h(2) = 18, h(−2) = −14
x c i g(−3x) = 9x 2 − 6x
0 4 –2 ii g(x − 5) = x 2 − 8x + 15
a function not a function iii h(−2x) = −16x 3 − 4x 2 + 6
Domain = [0, 4] Domain = [0, 2] iv g(x + 2) = x 2 + 6x + 8
Range = [0, 16] Range = [–2, 2] v h(x 2 ) = 2x 6 − x 4 + 6
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 603
6 a f (2) = 5; f (−4) = 29 b Range = [−3, ∞) 6a y
Answers
7 a f (2) = 7 bx =2 c x = −1
√
8a 2 b ±l cx =± 3
6
9 a x = −1 b x > −1 cx =− x
7 –√2 √2
–2
10 a f : R → R, f (x) = 3x + 2
3
b f : R → R, f (x) = − x + 6 b f 1 : [0, ∞) →R, f 1 (x) = x 2 − 2,
2
c f : [0, ∞) → R, f (x) = 2x + 3 f 2 : (−∞, 0] →R, f 2 (x) = x 2 − 2
d f : [−1, 2] → R, f (x) = 5x + 6
e f : [−5, 5] → R, f (x) = −x 2 + 25 Exercise 5E
f f : [0, 1] → R, f (x) = 5x − 7
11 a y b y 1a y b y
(2, 4) (2, 8)
1
(–1, 1) –2 x x
x x 0 0 1
0 0
(–1, –1)
Range = [0, ∞) Range = [0, ∞)

Range = [0, 4] Range = [−1, 8] c y d
y
c y d y
x x
1 0 0
3, 3 (1, 2)
x x
0 0
Range = (−∞, 0] Range = [1, ∞)
e y

Range =
1
,∞ Range = [2, ∞)
2
3 (1, 1)
x
0
Exercise 5D
1 One-to-one functions are b, d, e and g Range = [1, ∞)
2 Functions are a, c, d, f and g. One-to-one 2a y 3 y
functions are c and g.
2
3 a Domain = R, Range = R
4
1
b Domain = R + ∪ {0}. Range = R+ ∪ {0}
3 –3 –2 –1
x
2 0
c Domain = R, Range = [1, ∞) –1
1 2 3 4 5
1
d Domain = [–3, 3], Range = [–3, 0] x
–2
e Domain = R + , Range = R + 0 1 2 3 –3
f Domain = R, Range = (−∞, 3] –4
g Domain = [2, ∞), Range = R+ ∪ {0} b Range = (−∞, 4] –5

1
h Domain = , ∞ , Range = [0, ∞) 4a
y
5a y
2

3 –3 3
i Domain = −∞, , Range = [0, ∞) (0, 1) 0
x
2 x
1 0
j Domain = R \ 2 , Range = R \ {0} –9
b Range = [1, ∞)
k Domain = R \ 12 , Range = (−3, ∞) b Range = R
6a
y
l Domain = R \ 12 , Range = R \ {2}
4 a Domain = R, Range = R (1, 1)
b Domain = R, Range = [2, ∞) x

c Domain = [− 4, 4], Range = [− 4, 0] 0
d Domain
√ = R \ {–2}, Range = R \ {0}
5 y = 2 − x, Domain = (−∞, 2], b Range = (−∞, 1]
Range √= R + ∪ {0} 
 x + 3, −3 ≤ x ≤ −1
y = − 2 − x, Domain = (−∞, 2], 
−x + 1, −1 < x ≤ 2
Range = (−∞, 0] 7 f (x) =

 − 1 x, 2≤x ≤4
2
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
0521609976ans-ch1-4-1.xml CUAT006-EVANS August 4, 2005 19:12
Exercise 5F d f −1 (x) = x − 4 domain = [4, ∞),

range = R +
1 e f −1 (x) = x − 4 domain = (−∞, 8],
1 a a = –3, b = b6
2 range = (−∞,
√ 4]
2 f (x) = 7 − 5x f f −1 (x) = x ; domain = R + ∪ {0},
9
3 a i f (0) = − ii f (1) = −3 range = R + ∪ √ {0}
2 g f −1 (x) = 2 + x − 3; domain = [3, ∞),
b3
range = [2, ∞)√
4 a f ( p) = 2 p + 5 b f ( p + h) = 2 p + 2h + 5
c 2h d2 h f −1 (x) = 4 − x − 6; domain = [6, ∞),
5 –2 range = (−∞, 4]
6 b i 25.06 ii 25.032 iii 25.2 iv 26 i f −1 (x) = 1 − x 2 ; domain = [0, 1],
7 f (x) = −7(x − 2)(x − 4) range = [0,√1]
8 f (x) = (x – 3)2 + 7, Range = [7, ∞) j f −1 (x) = 16 − x 2 ; domain = [0, 4],

15 7 range = [0, 4]
9 a −∞, − b 3 ,∞ 16 − x
8 8 k f −1 (x) = ; domain = [2, 18],
c (−∞, 20] d (−∞, 3] 2
range = [–1, 7] √
10 a y
l f −1 (x) = −4 + x − 6;
domain = [22, ∞), range = [0, ∞)
(–1, 8) y
5 2a b (6, 6)
y = f(x)
x
0 y = f –1(x)
3 (6, 6)
x
(6, –13) –6 0 3
b Range = [–13, 8] –6
11 a y
y b (0, 0) and (1, 1)
(8, 36) 3a
y = f(x)
(–1, 9) (1, 1)
x
x (0, 0)
0 (2, 0)
b Range = [0, 36] −1 5

4a= ,b=
12 a Domain –3 ≤ x ≤ 3 b Domain 1 ≤ x ≤ 3 2 2
Range –3 ≤ y ≤ 3 Range –1 ≤ y ≤ 1 5 a f −1 (x) = a − x 2 b a = 1 or a = 2
c Domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 d Domain –1 ≤ x ≤ 9
Range 0 ≤ y ≤ 1 Range –5 ≤ y ≤ 5
e Domain −4 ≤ x ≤ 4
Range –2 ≤ y ≤ 6
Exercise 5H
13 a {2, 4, 6, 8} b {4, √
3, 2, √
1}
1a y b y
c {−3, 0, 5, 12} d {1, 2, 3, 2}
1 1 9
14 f (x) = (x − 4)(x − 5); a = ,b=− , y=3
– √3 √3
10 10 10 x 3 3 x
c=2 –1
3
0 0
15 f (x) = −2(x − 1)(x+ 5) y = –3
1
g(x) = −50(x − 1) x + c y d
y
5
−37
1
25
16 a k < bk=−
4
x
x
12 12 0 0 2
x = –2
e y y
Exercise 5G f
1 a {(3, l)(6, –2)(5, 4)(1, 7)}; domain = x x

{3, 6, 5, 1}; range = {1, –2, 4, 7}. –1
0 0
6−x y = –4
b f −1 (x) = ; domain = R, range = R x=1
2
−1
c f (x) = 3 − x domain = [−2, 2],
range = [1, 5]
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 605
g y
h y y b y
4a
Answers
10
1 3
2 (3, 1)
x x (1, 2) x
0 0 x 0
–1 0
3
x=3
x = –2 y y
y j y d
i c
1
16
–3 – √5
4
–3 + √5 –1 – √3 –1 + √3
x x x
x 0 0 0
0
(–3, –5) (–1, –3)

x=3 x = –4
y
y l y e y f
k
24
y=2
3 4 6
y=1 2 –1 – √2 –1 + √2 x
x x x 0
0 0
0
–1
(–1, –2) (5, –1)
x=1 x=2
y y
y y 5a b
2a b
y=1
y=1 x
x
x x 0 0
0 –1 0
–1
x=1
y y Range = (1, ∞) Range = (0, ∞)
c d y y
c d
1
1
3
3 1 1 1
x x –
0 0 x 2 2
x
0 0
y = –3
y = –4
x = –3
y f y Range = (0, ∞) Range = (− 4, ∞)

e
x
1
x Exercise 5I
0 0
y = –1 x2 2x 2
1 a i y = 4x 2 ii y = iii y =
25 3
x = –1 y
iv y = 4x 2 vy = −x 2 vi y = x2
3a y b
1 25 2
b iy= ii y = 2 iii y= 2
4x 2 x 3x
1 1
4 −1 1
0 1
x 0
x
iv y = 2 vy = 2 vi y= 2
x x x
1 5 2
c iy = ii y = iii y=
y 2x x 3x
y d
c
4 −1 −1
iv y = vy = vi y=
9 x x x
x √
x –√3 0 √3 √ x 2 x
–3 0
d iy = 2x ii y = iii y=
5 3
–3
√ √ √
y iv y =4 x v y =− x vi y = −x x ≤ 0
e y f y
2a y b
1 (1, 3)
x x
–1 0 –1 0 1 x
x
0 0
–1
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
c y d y iii A reflection in the x-axis followed by a

1
translation of 2 units in the positive direction
1,
(1, 3) 2 of the y-axis
x x
0 0
Exercise 5K
y
e y f 1a i A = (8 + x)y − x 2
1, 3 ii P = 2x + 2y + 16
(1, √3) 2
x
b i A = 192 + 16x − 2x 2
x
0 0 ii 0 < x < 12
iii A
(cm2) (4, 224)
200
(0, 192)
100
(12, 96)
Exercise 5J 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x (cm)
√ √ iv 224 cm2
1a y =3 x −2 b y = − x + 3
√ x 2 a C = 1.20 for 0 < m ≤ 20
c y = −3 x d y=− = 2.00 for 20 < m ≤ 50
2
= 3.00 for 50 < m ≤ 150
√ x +2 b C ($)
e y =2 x −2−3 f y = −3
2 3
3 −1 2
2a y= by= 1
x −2 x +3 150
3 2 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 M (g)
c y=− d y=− Domain = (0, 150]
x x
Range = {1.20, 2.00, 3.00}
2 2
ey= −3 fy= −3
x −2 x +2 3 a C = 0.30 for 0 ≤ d < 25
3 a i A dilation of factor 2 from the x-axis = 0.40 for 25 ≤ d < 50
followed by a translation of 1 unit in the = 0.70 for 50 ≤ d < 85
positive direction of the x-axis and = 1.05 for 85 ≤ d < 165
3 units in the positive direction of the = 1.22 for 165 ≤ d < 745
y-axis = 1.77 for d ≥ 745
ii A reflection in the x-axis followed by a b C ($)
translation of 1 unit in the negative direction
1.80
of the x-axis and 2 units in the positive 1.60
direction of the y-axis 1.40
1.20
iii A dilation of factor 12 from the y-axis 1.00
0.80
followed by a translation of 12 unit in the 0.60
negative direction of the x-axis and 0.40
0.20 85 165 745
2 units in the negative direction of the
y-axis 50 100 150 d (km)
b i A dilation of factor 2 from the x-axis 4 a i C1 = 64 + 0.25x ii C2 = 89
followed by a translation of 3 units in the b
negative direction of the x-axis C ($)
C2
ii A translation of 3 units in the negative 100
80
direction of the x-axis and 2 units in the 60 C1
positive direction of the y-axis 40
20
iii A translation of 3 units in the positive
direction of the x-axis and 2 units in the 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 x (km)
negative direction of the y-axis c x > 100 km

c i A translation of 3 units in the negative
direction of the x-axis and 2 units in the
positive direction of the y-axis Multiple-choice questions
ii A dilation of factor 13 from the y-axis 1B 2E 3D 4C 5E
followed by a dilation of factor 2 from the 6B 7D 8E 9C 10 D
x-axis
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 607
Short-answer questions Coach starting from Z :
Answers
(technology-free) 1040 1
d = 520 – t 0≤t ≤5
2 11 2
1 a –16 b 26 c− Range = [0, 520]
3 1
2a y
b The coaches pass 238 km from X .
3
(–1, 7) 1
(0, 6)
2a P = n b
P Domain = {n : n ∈ Z, 0 ≤ n ≤ 200}
2 (hours) n
Range = : n ∈ Z, 0 ≤ n ≤ 200
x 2
0 (6, 0) 4
b Range = [0, 7] 3
3a Range = R b Range = [–5, 4] 2
c Range = [0, 4] d Range = (−∞, 9] 1

e Range = (2, ∞) f {−6, 2, 4}
0 2 4 6 8 n
g Range = [0, ∞) h R \ {2}
i Range = [–5, 1] j Range = [–1, 3] 3 a T = 0.4683x – 5273.4266
33 b T ($)
4 a a = −15, b = b Domain = R \ {0}
5a y 2 b [0, 1] 10180.473
(1, 1)
Range = [8307.27, 10180.473]

8307.27
x 29 30 31 32 33 x ($’000)
0 (2, 0)
1 c $8775.57 (to nearest cent)
6 a = 3, b = –5 7 a = − , b = 2, c = 0 4 a i C(n) = 1000 + 5n, n > 0
2
8 a R \ {2} b [2, ∞) c [−5, 5] ii C (n)
(1000, 6000)
1
d R\ e [−10, 10] f (−∞, 4]
2
1000
9 b, c, d, e, f, g, and j are one-to-oney
10 a y
b 0 n
(–3, 9)
(–3, 9) b i P(n) = 15n − (1000 + 5n)
(0, 1)
x
= 10n − 1000
0 ii P(n)
x
0 (0, –1)
(1000, 9000)
x +2 0 100 n
11 a f −1 (x) = , Domain = [−5, 13] –1000
3
b −1
f (x) = (x − 2)2 − 2, Domain = [2, ∞) 5 V = 8000(1 − 0.05n) = 8000 – 400n
6 a R = (50000 – 2500x)(15 + x)
x
c f −1 (x) = − 1, Domain = [0, ∞) = 2500(x + 15)(20 – x)
3 b
√ R
d f −1 (x) = − x + 1, Domain = [0, ∞) (2.5, 765 625)
√ √ √ 750 000
12 a y = x − 2 + 3 b y = 2 x c y = − x
√ x
d y = −x ey= 0 20 x
3
c Price for max = $17.50
Extended-response questions x √
7 a A(x) = (2a − (6 − 3)x)
1a 4
d (km)
a a2
500
Z
b0<x < c √ cm2
400 3 4(6 − 3)
300
Y
√
200 8 a i d(x) = x 2 + 25 + (16 − x)2 + 9
100
X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t (hour)
ii 0 ≤ x ≤ 16
b i y
Coach starting from X :
d = 80t for 0 ≤ t ≤ 4 5 + √265
3 (16, 3 + √281)
d = 320 for 4 < t ≤ 4
4 x
3 1 0
d = 80t − 60 for 4 < t ≤ 7
4 4
Range = [0, 520]
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
y
ii 1.54 iii 3.40 or 15.04 e f y
c i minimum at x = 10 √ 27
minimum of d(x) = 8 5
√ √ (–1, 1)
1
ii range = [8 5, 5 + 265] x
√
–1 0 1
3 + 33 √ x –1
9a A , 3 + 33 , 0 1 2 3 4
2
√
g y
3 − 33 √
B , 3 − 33
2
2
(3, 2)
b i d(x) = –x 2 + 3x + 6 x
y 2 0 2 5
ii
y = (x + 1)(6 – x)
11.5
y = –x2 + 3x + 6
x y
3 – √33 0 3 + √33 3a y b
2 2
y = 2x
c i maximum value of d(x) is 8.25 ii [0, 8.25] 15

x
2
x
d i A(2.45, 12.25) B(−2.45, −12.25) –3 –1 0 0
(–2, –1)
ii d(x) = −x 2 + 6 iii Range = [0, 6] (1, –1)
iv maximum value of d(x) is 6
c d y
Chapter 6 y
Exercise 6A 83 21
(2, 5)
y
y b x
1a (–3, 2)
x 0
0
7
x
0 1
–1 y
(1, –1) e
x –2
–2 –1 0
1 11 1
–1 –2 – 5 4
(–2, –1) –2 + 5 4
y x
c y d 0
29 5 (–2, –5)
4 (2, 5)
3 y
(–3, 2) 2
2 4a y b
1
1 x
x 0 1 2
164
–3 –2 –1 0 –3 3
(3, 2) x
x 0
y 0
e
3
x
–2 –1 0 y
–1 c y d
–2
–3 16
–4
–5 x
(–2, –5) x –2 0 2
–2 0 2
y
2a y b (0, –16)
y y
e f
3 3
(0, 3) 2 (–1, 1)
2 81
1 (3, 2)
1
x x x
x 0 3 0
–2 –1 0 0 1 2 3
(0, –1)
y y
c d
x 3
0 1 2 3 2 Exercise 6B
–1 1
x 3 6
1 a x 2 + 2x + b 2x 2 − x − 3 +
0 1 2
x −1 x +1
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 609
43 6 a = 3, b = −3, P(x) = (x − 1)(x + 3)(x + 1)
Answers
c 3x 2 − 10x + 22 −
x +2 7 b i n odd ii n even
8 8 a a = l, b = l b i P(x) = x 3 − 2x 2 + 3
d x2 − x + 4 −
x +1
28
e 2x 2 + 3x + 10 +
x −3
133 2
Exercise 6E
f 2x 2 − 5x + 37 − g x2 + x + 1 2
x +4 x +3 1 a 1, –2, 4 , 3, −
b 4, 6 c
1 2 7 3 103 2 3
2a x + x− + 2
2 4 8 8(2x + 5) d 1, –1, –2 e 2, 3, –5 f −1, − , 3
2 √ √ 3
2
b x + 2x − 3 −
2
g 1, − 2, 2 h − , − 4, 2
2x + 1 5
1 2 8 8 19 1 1 3
c x − x− + i − , ,1 j −2, − , 5
3 9 27 27(3x − 1) 2 3 2
13 2 1
d x2 − x + 4 + 2a –6, 2, 3 b –2, − , c3
x −2 3 2 √
e x 2 + 2x − 15 d −1 e –1, 3 f 3, –2 ± 3
1 2 3 3 5 √
f x + x− − 3a −2, 0, 4 b 0, −1 ± 2 3
2 4 8 8(2x + 1) √
c −5, 0, 8 d 0, −1 ± 17
9 √ √
3 a x 2 + 3x + 8 + 4a 0, ±2 2 b 1+23 2 c −2
x −1 1
x 9 21 d −5 e
b x2 − + + 10 √
2 4 4(2x − 1) 5a 1 b −1 c 5, ± 10 d ±4, a
6a 2(x − 9)(x − 13)(x + 11)
Exercise 6C
b (x + 11)(x + 3)(2x − 1)
1 a –2 b –29 c 15 d4 e7 c (x + 11)(2x − 9)(x − 11)
f −12 g0 h −5 i −8 d (2x − 1)(x + 11)(x + 15)
2 a a = –3 ba=2
ca=4 d a = −10
Exercise 6F
Exercise 6D
1a + x b + x
1 0 1 2 3 – –2 –1 0 1 –
2a 6 b 28 c–
3 y y
3a (x − 1)(x + 1)(2x + 1) b (x + 1)3
c (x − 1)(6x − 7x + 6)
2
d (x − 1)(x + 5)(x − 4) x
x
–2 –1 1
e (x + 1)2 (2x − 1) f (x + 1)(x − 1)2 0 1 2 3 –2
g (x − 2)(4x + 8x + 19)
2
1
+
h (x + 2)(2x + 1)(2x − 3) c 0 1 2 3 –
x d 2
+ x
4a (x − 1)(x 2 + x + 1) y –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 –
b (x + 4)(x 2 − 4x + 16) y
c (3x − 1)(9x 2 + 3x + 1) x
–6
1
d (4x − 5)(16x 2 + 20x + 25) 0 1 2 3 2
x
e (1 − 5x)(1 + 5x + 25x 2 ) –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
f (3x + 2)(9x 2 − 6x + 4) e + x
f
+ x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 – –
g (4m − 3n)(16m 2 + 12mn + 9n 2 ) –1 0
h (3b + 2a)(9b2 − 6ab + 4a 2 ) y y
5a (x + 2)(x 2 − x + 1)
b (3x + 2)(x − 1)(x − 2) x x
–1 0 1
c (x − 3)(x + 1)(x − 2) –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
d (3x + 1)(x + 3)(2x − 1)

P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
g + x
h + 2 y = 2x(x − 2)2
0 1 2 3 – x
y
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 – 3 y = −2x(x + 4)2
y 4 a y = (x − 3)3 + 2
23 3 67 2
by= x + x c y = 5x 3
0
x 18 18
1 2 3
–3 x 1 4 1
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 5 a y = − x 3 + x b y = x(x 2 + 2)
3 3 4
j – –23
i –√3 √3 +
x
6 a y = −4x 3 − 50x 2 + 96x + 270
+ x
–2 –1 0 1 2 –
–1 0 1 2 3 –
b y = 4x 3 − 60x 2 + 80x + 26
y y c y = x 3 − 2x 2 + 6x − 4
–1
x d y = 2x 3 − 3x
0 1 2 3
–√3 √3 e y = 2x 3 − 3x 2 − 2x + 1
– –2
x 3
–2 1 0 –6 f y = x 3 − 3x 2 − 2x + 1
–3 1 2
y
g y = −x 3 − 3x 2 − 2x + 1
k – –12 –13
+ x
–1 0 1 –
1 Exercise 6I
x
–1 – 1– 0 1– 1 1a x = 0 or x =3
2 3
y b x = 2 or x = −1 or x = 5 or x = −3
2a y b c x = 0 or x = −2 d x = 0 or x = 6
e x = 0 or x = 3 or x = −3
(1.26, 0.94) f x = 3 or x = −3
(1.02, 6.01)
–5 1.5
–2.5 1.5
x g x = 0 or x = 4 or x = −4
x
0 0.5
0 1
h x = 0 or x = 4 or x = 3
(–3.02, –126.01)
(–1.26, –30.94) i x = 0 or x = 4 or x = 5
y j x = 2 or x = −2 or x = 3 or x = −3
c d y
k x =4 l x = −4 or x = 2
y y
2a b
480 (0.72, 503.46)
(1.35, 0.35) (–2.76, 0.34)
–2.5 1.2 1.5
x
0 x x
(0, –18) 0 x
0 5 –4 0 5 6
(–1.22, –33.70) (–0.91, –6.05) (3.15, –295.24)
e y
y y
f y c d
(–2, 8)
(–2, 14)
x 4
x x
–3 0 0
–3 0 6
x (–1.89, –38.27)
–3.28 0
(3, –27)
y y
e f
3 (x + 1)(x + 1)(x − 3) = 0, ∴ Graph just touches 16
the x-axis at x = −1 and cuts it –2

at x = 3. 0 5
x
0 2
x
Exercise 6G (–3.54, –156.25) (3.54, –156.25)
a {x : x ≤ −2} ∪ {x : 1 ≤ x ≤ 3} g y
h y
b {x : x ≥ 4} ∪ {x : −2 ≤ x ≤ −1}
c {x : x < 1} –9 9
(1.68, 8.64)
4
d {x : −2 < x < 0} ∪ {x : x > 3} 0
x
0 3
x
e x ≤ −1 f x ≥ 1 gx > 4 h x ≤ −3 (3.57, –3.12)

(–6.36, –1640.25) (6.36, –1640.25)
Exercise 6H
1 1
1 a y = − (x + 2)3 b y − 2 = − (x − 3)3
8 4
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 611
y y
i j c V d Domain = {h : 0 < h < 8}
Answers
(m3) e 64
(2.20, 24.39)
200
5 x
x 0 4 5
150
0 –5 –4
4
(–4.53, –20.25) (4.53, –20.25) 100
(4.55, –5.12)
50
y y
k l 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 h (m)
4.62
(–5.61, 23.74) f h = 2.48 or h = 6.47

x –7 –4
0 2 0 5
x g V max ≈ 206.37 m3 , h = 4.62
–20 3a h = 160 − 2x
(1.61, –163.71) b V = x 2 (160 − 2x), Domain = (0, 80)
c V
(cm3)
150 000
Exercise 6J
100 000
1 a f (n) = n 2 + 3 b f (n) = n 2 − 3n + 5
50 000
1 1 1
c f (n) = n 3 + n 2 + n
6 2 3 0 20 40 60 80 x (cm)
53
1 1 1
d f (n) = n 3 + n 2 + n d x = 20.498 or x = 75.63
3 2 6 e V max ≈ 151 703.7 cm3 when x ≈ 53
e f (n) = 2n 3 − 5
2 a f (n) = n 2 b f (n) = n(n + 1) Multiple-choice questions
1 3 1 2 1 1B 2D 3A 4D 5A
c f (n) = n + n + n 6C 7B 8B 9D 10 B
3 2 6
4 3 1
d f (n) = n − n Short-answer questions
3 3
1 3 3 2 7 (technology-free)
e f (n) = n + n + n y y
3 2 6 1a 3
b
√2 + 1
4 3 5
f f (n) = n + 3n 2 + n 0
3 3 x
1 1 (0, –3) (1, –2)
3 f (n) = n 2 − n 1
2
, 1
x
2 2 0
1 3 1 2 1
4 f (n) = n + n + n c y
d y
3 2 6 3 1
√ –3 + 1
1 2
5 f (n) = n (n + 1) 2
x
4 0 (1, –1)
(0, – 4) x
0 (1, –3)
Exercise 6K e y f y
(–1, 4)
1 a l = 12 − 2x, w = 10 − 2x (0, 1)
x (2, 1)
b V = 4x(6 − x)(5 − x) 0
c V d V = 80 31
√3 0 1
x
√3 + 2
3
(cm3)
g y y
h
100
(0, 29) 33
√4 – 2 (–2, 1) 0
x x
(–2, –3) 0
1
(0, –23) √3
3
–2
0 1 2 3 4 5 x (cm)
y
e x = 3.56 or x = 0.51 2a b y
f V max = 96.8 cm3 when x = 1.81 1

2
√ h 1
, 1
2 a x = 64 − h 2 bV = (64 − h 2 ) x 0
2 x
3 0 1
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
c y d y
d
2 x x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
0 0
y
(1, –1)
36
y x
e y f (–6, 0) 0 (2, 0) (3, 0)
(2, 1) 43
–1 1 1 7 a −41 b 12 c
−3 4 34 1 3 x 9
x 0 2
0
–15
8y = − (x + 2)(x − 1)(x − 5)
5
2
y y
9y = x(x + 4)2
g h 81
(–2, 1) 1
10 a a = 3, b = 8 b (x + 3)(2x – 1)(x – 1)
1 4
–
1
3 4
–1
1
3 4
–1
–2 + 2 11 a y = (x − 2)3 + 3 b y = 2x 3
2 0 2 x
x 0
–1
1
1 4 –3 1 c y = −x 3 d y = (−x)3 = −x 3
–2 –
(–1, –3)
2
x 3 x 3
e y= =
3 3 27
3a P = 0 and P(−2) = 0, (3x + 1) 12 a y = −(x − 2)4 + 3 b y = 2x 4
2
1 c y = −(x + 2)4 + 3
b x = −2, , 3
2 13 a Dilation of factor 2 from the x-axis, translation
√ √
c x = −1, − 11, + 11
of 1 unit in the positive direction of the x-axis,
1 then translation of 3 units in the positive
d i P =0 direction of the y-axis
3
b Reflection in the x-axis, translation of 1 unit in
ii (3x − 1)(x + 3)(x − 2)
the negative direction of the x-axis, then
4a f (1) = 0 translation of 2 units in the positive direction
b (x − 1)(x 2 + (1 − k)x + k + 1) of the y-axis
5a = 3, b = −24 c Dilation of factor 12 from the y-axis, translation
6a of 12 unit in the negative direction of the x-axis
and translation of 2 units in the negative
direction of the y-axis
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
y Extended-response questions
(0, 24)
1
x 1a v = (t − 900)2
(–4, 0) 32 400
(–2, 0) 0 (3, 0)
t
bs= (t − 900)2
b 32 400
c s Domain = {t : 0 < t < 900}
(cm) (300, 3333.3)
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 3000
y
(0, 24) 2000
x
(–3, 0) 0 (2, 0) (4, 0) 1000
c 0 200 400 600 800 t (s)

105 560
–3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 d No, it is not feasible since the maximum range
y of the taxi is less than 3.5 km (∼ 3–33 km).
2000
e Maximum speed ≈ = 19 m/s
x 105
(–2, 0) – –23 , 0 0 –12 , 0 2000
(0, –4)
Minimum speed ≈ = 3.6 m/s
560
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 613
2 a R − 10 = a(x − 5)3 e Profit P f 5500
Answers
2 12 P = x – 3500
ba= c R − 12 = (x − 7)3
25 √ 343
3 a 4730 cm2 b V = l 2 ( 2365 − l) x
3500
c V –3500
(cm3)
20 000 2 a V = 45 000 + 40m b 4 hours 10 minutes
c
15 000 V
(litres)
10 000 55000
5000
45000
0 10 20 30 40 50 l (cm)
250 m (minutes)
d i l = 23.69 or l = 39.79
ii l = 18.1 or l = 43.3 3 a 200 L
20t 0 ≤ t ≤ 10
e V max ≈ 17 039 cm3 , l ≈ 32.42 cm bV = 190
−43 −119 15t + 50 10 < t ≤
4aa= , b = 0.095, c = , 3
15 000 150 c
d = 15.8 V
(litres) (63.3, 1000)
b i Closest to the ground (5.59, 13.83),
ii furthest from the ground (0, 15.8)
5 a V = (96 − 4x)(48 − 2x)x
= 8x(24 − x)2 200
b V
10 t (minutes)
4 a Ar = 6x 2 b As = (10.5 − 2.5x)2
c 0 ≤ x ≤ 4.2
0 24 x d A T = 12.25x 2 − 52.5x + 110.25
e AT
i 0 < x < 24 (4.2, 105.84)

110.25
ii Vmax = 16 384 cm3 when x = 8.00
c 15 680 cm3 d 14 440 cm3 15
, 54
3 7
e 9720 cm
x
Chapter 7 f 110.25 cm2 (area of rectangle = 0)

7.1 Multiple-choice questions g rectangle: 9 × 6, square: 3 × 3, (x = 3) or
4C 5B 27 18 51 51
1A 2D 3D rectangle: × ; square: ×
6C 7A 8E 9B 10 A 7 7 7 7
11 E 12 B 13 D 14 D 15 E 5 a 20 m b 20 m c 22.5 m
16 B 17 D 18 E 19 D 20 B 6 a A = 10x 2 + 28x + 16
21 D 22 D 23 A 24 B 25 D b i 54 cm2 ii 112 cm2
26 D 27 B 28 C 29 A 30 C c 3 cm
31 A 32 B 33 C 34 D 35 E
36 E 37 C 38 C 39 C 40 A d A
7.2 Extended-response questions

1 a C = 3500 + 10.5x b I = 11.5x 16
0 x
c I and I = 11.5x d 3500
C e V = 2x 3 + 8x 2 + 8x
3500 fx =3 g x = 6.66
C = 3500 + 10.5x
7 a i A = (10 + x)y − x 2
0 3500 x ii P = 2( y + x + 10)
b i A = 400 + 30x − 2x 2
1
ii 512 m2 iii 0 ≤ x ≤ 20
2
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
iv 16 a i y = 250 − 5x
A 1 1
7 2 , 512 2 ii V = x 2 (250 − 5x) = 5x 2 (50 − x)
(cm2) b
(0, 400) V
(cm3)
(20, 200)
0 x (m)
8 a A = 6x 2 + 7x y + 2y 2 0 50 x (cm)
c i x = 0.5 m ii y = 0.25 m c (0, 50) d x = 11.378 or x = 47.813
9 a 50.9 m b t = 6.12 seconds e V max = 92 592.59 cm3 , where x = 33.33
c and y = 83.33
h(t) (3.06, 50.921)
5 Chapter 8
0 6.285 t Exercise 8A
d 6.285 seconds 1 {H, T } 2 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
10 a x + 5 b V = 35x + 7x 2 3 a 52 b4
c S = x 2 + 33x + 70 c clubs ♣, hearts , spades ♠, diamonds
d d clubs and spades are black, diamonds and
V V = 35x + 7x2 hearts are red
and S S = x2 + 33x + 70 e 13 f ace, king, queen, jack
g4 h 16
4 a {BB, BR, RB, RR}
70
b {H 1, H 2, H 3, H 4, H 5, H 6, T 1, T 2, T 3,
0 t T 4, T 5, T 6}
c {MMM, MMF, MFM, FMM, MFF, FMF,
e 3.25 m f 10 cm FFM, FFF}
11 a 2y + 3x = 22 5 a {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
b i B(0, 11) ii D(8, −l) b {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} c {0, 1, 2, 3}
c 52 units2 d 6.45 units 6 a {0, 1, 2, 3, . . .} b {0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , 41}
12 a 25 km/h b tap A 60 min; tap B 75 min c {1, 2, 3, . . .}
c 4 cm 7 a {2, 4, 6} b {FFF} cØ
13 a h = 100 − 3x b V = 2x 2 (100 − 3x)
100 8 H
c0<x <
3 T
d H 1
V {HH, HT, T1, T2,
(cm3) 2
3 T3, T4, T5, T6}
T 4
5
0 100 6
x (cm)
3 9a {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2,
e i x = 18.142 or x = 25.852 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4),
ii x = 12.715 or x = 29.504 (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4)}
f V max = 32 921.811 cm3 where x = 22.222 b {(2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2)}
g i S = 600x − 14x 2 10 a {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2),
45 000 150 (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
ii Smax = cm2 , where x = b {(l, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}
7 7
h x = 3.068 or x = 32.599 11 a {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
14 a y = (7.6 × 10−5 )x 3 − 0.0276x 2 + 2.33x (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
b y = (7.6 × 10−5 )x 3 − 0.0276x 2 (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
+ 2.33x + 5 (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
c 57.31 m (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
3 4 38 (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
15 a y = x − 4 b y=− x+ b {(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6),
4 3 3
c D(8, 2) d 5 units e 50 units2 (5, 2), (5, 4), (5, 6)}
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
0521609976ans-ch8.xml CUAT006-EVANS August 4, 2005 20:49
Answers 615
R
8 Pr(A) = 0.225 9 Pr(A ) = 0.775
R
12 a B B
Answers
R W W
B R R
R W B B
W W Exercise 8C
R R
B B 1 1 1 5
R W W 1a b c d
B B
W
R R 3 8 4 18
B B
W W 2a 0.141 b 0.628 c 0.769
R R 1 30 30 90
W R B B 3a b c d
B W W 365 365 365 365
W R
B
R
B
364 334
W W e f
365 365
{(RR), (RBR), (RBB), (RBWR), (RBWB), 1 1 4 3
(RBWW ), (RWR), (RWBR), (RWBB), 4a b c d
4 2 13 4
(RWBW ), (RWW ), (BRR), (BRB), (BRWR), 8 9 5 1
(BRWB), (BRWW ), (BB), (BWRR), (BWRB), 5a b c d
13 13 13 13
(BWRW ), (BWB), (BWW ), (WRR), (WRBR), 1 1 5
(WRBB), (WRBW ), (WRW ), (WBRR), 6a b c
(WBRB), (WBRW ), (WBB), (WBW ), (WW )} 2 18 18
1 1 7
b4 7a b c
12 2 12
13 a S
S
S H
H
H 1
C
C S 8
D H
C
4
D 9a R
B
S G
H S R
D C H R
D C B B
D G
R
{(SHS), (SHH ), (SHCS ), (SHCH ), (SHCC ), R G
B
G
(SHCDS ), (SHCDH ), (SHCDC ), (SHCDD ), R
B
(SHDS ), (SHDH ), (SCDCS ), (SHDCH ), R G
(SHDCC ), (SHDCD ), (SHDD )} B B
R
B
b5 G
G R
B
G
R
Exercise 8B G R
B
G
R
17 1 4 1 B B
1a b c d G
50 10 15 200 G R
2 a No b answers will vary B
G
c answers will vary d Yes 1 2 1 2
b i ii iii iv
e As the number of trials approaches infinity the 27 9 3 9
relative frequency approaches the value of the 10 a Bla
Y
probability. B
Y
3 a No b answers will vary R Bla
B
c answers will vary d Yes Y
B
e As the number of trials approaches infinity the Bla
relative frequency approaches the value of the R

Bla
B
probability. R
78 Y Bla
4 Pr(a 6 from first die) ≈ = 0.156 B
500 B
R
102 Bla
Pr(a 6 from second die) ≈ ≈ 0.146 R
Y
700 B
∴ choose the first die. Bla Y
R
5 a 0.702 b 0.722 B
R
c The above estimates for the probability should B
Y
be recalculated. R
Y
d 0.706 Bla
R
1 B Y
6 Pr(4) = Bla
3 Bla
R
2 Y
7 Pr(2) = Pr(3) = Pr(4) = Pr(5) = ,
13 12 1
4 1 b i 0.25 ii = 0.5 iii
Pr(6) = , Pr(1) = 24 12
13 13
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
5 11 iii Pr(a heart picture card) = 13

1
11 a b
13 13 iv Pr(a picture card or a heart) = 25
52
12 a v Pr(a picture card or a club, diamond or
2nd ball
1st ball 1 2 3 4 5
spade) = 4352
8 7 2 1
1 (1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) 8a b c d
2 (2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) 15 10 15 3
3 (3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) 9a 0.8 b 0.57 c 0.28 d 0.08
4 (4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) 10 a 0.81 b 0.69 c 0.74 d 0.86
5 (5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) 1 1
11 a 0 b1 c d
4 4 3 5 3
b i ii iii 12 a 0.88 b 0.58 c 0.30 d 0.12
25 5 25
9
13 a b Exercise 8F
3 cm
25
1
1
4
65 137 21 61
2a b c d
284 568 65 246
3 a 0.06 b 0.2
4 15
14 4a b 0.3 c
4 4 4 7 22
15 a b 1− 5 a 0.2 b 0.5 c 0.4
25 25
10 1
Exercise 8D 6 a 0.2 b c
27 3
7 a 0.3 b 0.75
1a {1, 2, 3, 4, 6} b {2, 4}
1 3 1 2 1
c {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} d {l, 3} 8a b c dl e f
e {1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} f {5, 7, 8, 9, 10} 2 4 2 3 2
2a {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11} 1
9 16% 10
b {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11} c {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} 5
d {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11} e {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11} 1 1 1 16
11 a b c d
3a {E, H, M, S} b {C, H, I, M} 16 169 4 169
c {A, C, E, I, S, T} d {H, M} 1 1 25 20
e {C, E, H, I, M, S} f {H, M} 12 a b c d
17 221 102 221
4a 20 b 45 13 a 0.230 808 ≈ 0.231
5a 6 bl c 18 d2 15 1 1 2
2 1 5 14 a b c d
6a b0 c d 28 2 2 5
3 2 6 3 8 5 3
1 1 1 2 e f g h
7a b c ; 7 13 28 14
2 3 6 3 15 a 0.85 b 0.6 c 0.51 d 0.51
4 9 6 7 4 16 0.4; 68%
8a 1 b c d e f 17 a i 0.444 ii 0.4 iii 0.35 iv 0.178 v 0.194
11 11 11 11 11
b 0.372 c i 0.478 ii 0.425
Exercise 8E 18 a i 0.564 ii 0.05 iii 0.12 iv 0.0282 v 0.052
b 0.081 c 0.35
1a 0.2 b 0.5 c 0.3 d 0.7 53 15
19 a 1 b c
2a 0.75 b 0.4 c 0.87 d 0.48 6 90 53
3a 0.63 b 0.23 c 0.22 d 0.77 20 a B ⊆ A b A∩ B =Ø c A⊆B
4a 0.45 b 0.40 c 0.25 d 0.70
5a 0.9 b 0.6 c 0.1 d 0.9 Exercise 8G
6a 95% b 5%
7a A = {J , Q , K , A , J♠, Q♠, K♠, A♠, 1 a Yes b Yes c No
J , Q , K , A , J♣, Q♣, K♣, A♣} 2 0.6 4 No
C = {2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 5 a 0.6 b 0.42 c 0.88
10 , J , Q , K , A } 6 a 0.35 b 0.035 c 0.1225 d 0.025
4 1 133 6 4
b i Pr(a picture card) = 4
13 7a b c d e ; No
15 15 165 11 15
ii Pr(a heart) = 1
4 9 a 0.35 b 0.875
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 617
18 12 23 21 5 a 0.15 b 0.148
Answers
10 a b c d
65 65 65 65 T 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
c
4 8 2 8 Pr 0.072 0.180 0.288 0.258 0.148 0.046 0.008
e f g h ; No
65 65 15 21 6 a 0.143 b 0.071 ≤ p ≤ 0.214 c 0.022
11 a i 0.75 ii 0.32 iii 0.59 1 2
b No c No 7 a 0.6 b c d 0.108
1 3 7 3 7
12 b i ii iii 3 4
8 8 8 e i ii
20 7
13 b i 0.09 ii 0.38 iii 0.29 iv 0.31
1 1 1 1 Chapter 9
14 a b c d
216 8 2 36 Exercise 9A
1 1 1 1
15 a b c d
32 32 2 16 1 a 11 b 12 c 37 d 29
1 1 1 5 1 2 a 60 b 500 c 350 d 512
16 a b c d e
6 30 6 6 6 3 a 128 b 160
1 1 1 4 20 5 63 6 26 7 240
17 a b c
2 8 2 8 260 000 9 17 576 000 10 30
Multiple-choice questions Exercise 9B

1B 2C 3A 4C 5D 1 a 6 b 120 c 5040 d2 e1 f1
6E 7E 8C 9A 10 B 2 a 20 b 72 c6 d 56 e 120 f 720
Short-answer questions 3 120 4 5040 5 24 6 720
7 720 8 336
(technology-free) 9 a 5040 b 210 10 a 120 b 120
1 5 11 a 840 b 2401 12 a 480 b 1512
1a b 2 0.007
6 6 13 a 60 b 24 c 252
1 1 1 14 a 150 b 360 c 1560
3a b c
3 4 2 15 a 720 b 48
87 4
4 a 0.36 b 5
245 15 Exercise 9C
6 a {156, 165, 516, 561, 615, 651}
2 1 1a 3 b3 c 6 d4
b c 2 a 10 b 10 c 35 d 35
3 3
5 1 3 a 190 b 100 c 4950 d 31125
7a b 4 a 20 b7 c 28 d 1225
12 4
2 32 9 5 1716 6 2300 7 133 784 560
8a b c 8 8 145 060 9 18
7 63 16
10 a 5 852 925 b 1 744 200
9 a 0.65 b No 11 100 386 12 a 792 b 336
10 0.999 89 11 a 0.2 b 0.4 13 a 150 b 75 c6 d 462 e 81
12 No 14 a 8 436 285 b 3003 c 66 d 2 378 376
13 a 0.036 b 0.027 c 0.189 d 0.729 15 186 16 32 17 256 18 31 19 57
1 2 20 a 20 b 21
14 a 0.7 b 0.3 c d
3 3
1 4 4 20 2 Exercise 9D
15 a b c d e
27 27 9 27 5
1 a 0.5 b 0.5 2 0.375
Extended-response questions 3 a 0.2 b 0.6 c 0.3
1a − b − c 1−−+ 329
4 0.2 5
d 1− e 1−−+ f 1− 858
27 56 73
3 3 9 49 6a 8 ≈ 0.502 b c
2 a A: B: b A: B: 2 −1 255 85
28 4 64 64 5 35
7a b
c 0.125 d 0.155 204 136
3 a B is a subset of A 25 24 3
b A and B are mutually exclusive 8a b c d 0.2
49 49 7
c A and B are independent 1 5 17 34
1 1 1 1 1 9a b c d
4a b c i ii n d 6 6 21 35
4 3 16 4 4
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
10 a 0.659 b 0.341 c 0.096 d 0.282 7

5 20 15 10 a {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} b
36
11 a b c c
42 21 37
1 2 3 4 5 6
1E 2D 3A 4D 5C 1 3 5 7 9 11
6B 7C 8A 9E 10 E 36 36 36 36 36 36
Short-answer questions (technology-free) 11 a 0.09 b 0.4 c 0.51
7
1 a 499 500 b 1 000 000 c 1 000 000 12 a b
8
2 648 3 120 4 8n 5 5416 y −3 −2 1 3
6 36 750 7 11 025
8 a 10 b 32 9 1200 1 3 3 1
p(y)
1 3 3 8 8 8 8
10 a b c
8 8 28
Extended-response questions Exercise 10B
28 12
1 a 2880 b 80 640 1 0.378 2 ≈ 0.491 3 ≈ 0.923
2 a 720 b 48 c 336 57 13
60
3 a 60 b 36 4 ≈ 0.237 5 0.930 6 0.109
253
4 a 210 b 100 c 80
5 a 1365 b 210 c 1155
6 a 3060 b 330 c 1155
Exercise 10C
7 Division 1: 1.228 × 10−7 8 a 1.290 × 10− 4
1a 0.185 0.060
b 2 a 0.194 b 0.930
Division 2: 1.473 × 10−6 b 6.449 × 10− 4
3a 0.137 0.446
b c 0.554
Division 3: 2.726 × 10−5
4a 0.008 0.268
b c 0.468
Division 4: 1.365 × 10−3
5a 0.056 0.391
b 6 0.018
Division 5: 3.362 × 10−3
5
7 a Pr(X = x) = (0.1)x (0.9)5−x
Chapter 10 x
x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or
Exercise 10A
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
1a no b no c yes d no e no
2a Pr(X = 2) b Pr(X > 2) c Pr(X ≥ 2) p(x) 0.591 0.328 0.073 0.008 0.000 0.000
d Pr(X < 2) e Pr(X ≥ 2) f Pr(X > 2)
g Pr(X ≤ 2) h Pr(X ≥ 2) i Pr(X ≤ 2) b Most probable number is 0
j Pr(X ≥ 2) k Pr(2 < X < 5) 175
8 0.749 9 0.021 10 0.5398 11
3a {2} b {3, 4, 5} c {2, 3, 4, 5} 256
d {0, 1} e {0, 1, 2} f {2, 3, 4, 5} 12 a 0.988 b 0.9999 c 8.1 × 10−11
g {3, 4, 5} h {2, 3, 4} i {3, 4} 13 a 0.151 b 0.302 14 5.8%
1 3 15 a i 0.474 ii 0.224 iii 0.078
4a b 5 a 0.09 b 0.69 b Answers will vary − about 5 or more.
15 5
6a 0.49 b 0.51 c 0.74 16 0.014 17
2
7a 0.6 b 0.47 c
3
8a {HHH, HTH, HHT, HTT, THH, TTH,
THT, TTT} 18 19 a 5 b 8
3 c x 0 1 2 3 20 a 13 b 22
b
8 21 a 16 b 29
1 3 3 1 22 a 45 b 59
p(x)
8 8 8 8
7 4
d e
8 7
1
9a {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12} b
6
c
y 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
p(y)
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 619
0.3087 243
Answers
23 a 0.3087 b ≈ 0.3095 5 a 0.051 b 0.996 c ≈ 0.949
1 − (0.3)5 256
24 a 0.3020 b 0.6242 c 0.3225 9 37
6a b
64 64
Exercise 10D 7 a 0.282 b 0.377 c 0.341
8a 0.173 b 0.756
p 14 0.071 p
c
1 Exact answer 0.172 p 15
9a b 15 1−
2 a About 50 : 50 100 100 100
b One set of simulations gave the answer 1.9 p 15 p 14 p
c + 15 1−
100 100 100
p 2 p 13
Exercise 10E + 105 1 −
100 100
2 Exact answer 29.29 117
3 a One set of simulations gave the answer 8.3. 10 a bm=5
b One set of simulations gave the answer 10.7. 125
4 Exact answer is 0.0009. Extended-response questions
5 a One set of simulations gave the answer 3.5. 1a
x 1 2 3 4
Multiple-choice question
p(x) 0.54 0.16 0.06 0.24
1B 2A 3C 4A 5E b 0.46
6C 7A 8D 9B 10 E 2
2 a i 0.1 ii 0.6 iii
3
Short-answer questions (technology-free) b i 0.0012 ii 0.2508
1 a 0.92 b 0.63 c 0.8 3
3a
2 5
x 1 2 3 4 7 3
b i ii
40 10
p(x) 0.25 0.28 0.30 0.17 11 11
c i ii
40 17
3 4 a 0.003 b 5.319 × 10−6
x 2 3 4 5 0.8 6 0.969
2 8 1 7 a 0.401 b n ≥ 45 1
p(x) 8 a 1 – q 2 b 1 – 4q 3 + 3q 4 c <q<1
5 15 15 3
4a 9 0.966 (exact answer)
1st choice
10 a 0.734 (exact answer)
2nd choice 1 2 3 6 7 9
b About 7 (by simulation)
1 13
2 3 4 7 8 10
2 11 a b 3.7
3 4 5 8 9 11 8
3
4 5 6 9 10 12 12 b Pr(A) = 0.375, Pr(B) = 0.375,
6
7 8 9 12 13 15 Pr(C) = 0.125, Pr(D) = 0.125
7 (exact answer)
8 9 10 13 14 16
9
10 11 12 15 16 18
Chapter 11
b { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 }
c 11.1 Multiple-choice questions
x 2 3 4 5 6 7
1E 2C 3E 4B 5E
1 2 3 2 1 2 6E 7C 8C 9B 10 D
Pr(X = x)
36 36 36 36 36 36 11 D 12 D 13 E 14 A 15 E
16 E 17 B 18 C 19 C 20 A
x 8 9 10 11 12 13
21 E 22 E 23 C 24 D 25 D
4 4 4 2 3 2
Pr(X = x)
36 36 36 36 36 36 11.2 Extended-response questions
x 14 15 16 18 15 37 43
1a i ii iii
28 56 49
1 2 2 1
Pr(X = x) 9 135
36 36 36 36 b i ii
14 392
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
1 13 y y
2a b 3 4
y = 2x y = 10x
2 36
14 6
3 1 3 6 (3.807, 14) (0.778, 6)
3a b c d
8 56 28 7 0
x 0
x
4a 0.0027 b 0.12 c 0.17 d 0.72 x = 3.807 x = 0.778

59 45 y y
5a b 5a b
120 59
167 108 45 5 y=2
6a b i ii
360 193 193 0
x
0
x
1 5
7a i ii y = –3
9 18
y
1 13 c
y
d
b i ii
81 324 y=2
8a i m = 30, q = 35, s = 25 x
x
ii m + q = 65 0 0
y = –2
3 7 (0, –3)
b c
10 12
9a 0.084 b 0.52 c 0.68 y y
10 a 60 b8 c 0.1 e f
1 1 3 6 (0, 3)
11 a b c d
60 5 5 13 x x
0 0
12 a i 10 000 cm2 ii 400 cm2 iii 6400 cm2
y = –2
b i 0.04 ii 0.12 iii 0.64 (0, –4)
c i 0.0016 ii 0.000 64
7 13 23
13 a b c y y
18 36 108 6a b
14 a i 0.328 ii 0.205 iii 0.672
b i 11 ii 18 2 1
x x
15 a i 0.121 ii 0.851 iii 0.383 0 0
b i9 ii 14
Chapter 12 y y
c d
y=2
Exercise 12A
1 1
y x x
1 0 0
y = 0.5x y = 2.4x
y = 1.8x
y = 0.9x 1
x
0 Exercise 12B
All pass through (0, 1)
base > 1, increasing 1 a x 5 b 8x 7 c x 2 d 2x 3 e a 6 f 26
base < 1, decreasing x3 x6
g x 2 y2 h x 4 y6 i 3 j 4
horizontal asymptote, y = 0 y y
y
2 y = 5 × 3x 2 a x9 b 216 c 317 d q 8 p9
11 12 −2
y = 2 × 3x ea b11 3
f2 x8 18
gm n p h 2a 5 b−2
5 9
3 a x 2 y 3 b 8a 8 b3 c x 5 y 2 d x 2 y3
2 2
0
1 2x 8 z b5 a3b
4a 4 5 b c 5 d
y = –2 × 3
x n p y 4 a c
y = –5 × 3
x
e a n + 2 bn + 1 cn − 1
For y = a × b x 34n − 11
5 a 317n b 23 − n c
y-axis intercept (0, a) 22
c and d are reflections of a and b in the x-axis d 2n + 1 33n − 1 e 53n − 2 f 23x − 3 × 3−4
horizontal asymptote, y = 0 g 36 − n × 2−5n h 33 = 27 i6
6 a 212 = 4096 b 55 = 3125 c 33 = 27
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 621
y
3a y b
Exercise 12C
Answers
1 1 1 1
1 a 25 b 27 c d 16 e f g x
9 2 4 25 2
x 0 1
0
1 3 –4
h 16 i j 1000 k 27 l –3 y = –6
10 000 5 y = –4 y
1 7 9 7 7 c y d
5 y=4
2 a a 6 b− 6 b a −6 b 2 c 3− 3 × 5− 6 log10
3
≈ 0.2218
2
1 14
d e x 6 y −8 f a 15 x 0
x
4 0
3 a (2x − 1)3/2 b (x −1)5/2 c (x 2 + 1)3/2 –2
log102 ≈ 0.3010
y = –5
d (x − 1) 4/3 1
e x(x − 1)− 2 f (5x 2 + 1)4/3 e y f y
6
log2 ≈ 0.2603
y=6 5
3
Exercise 12D 1 x 0
x
0
–1
1 3 1 y = –6
1a 3b 3 c d e f4 g2 h3 i3
2 4 3
3 4 4 d0 = 41.88, m = 0.094
2a 1 b2 c− d e −1 f 8 g3
2 3
1 1 Exercise 12G
h −4 i 8 j 4 k3 l6 m 7
2 2 y
4 3 1a y b
1 Domain = R+ Domain = R+
3a b c5 Range = R
5 2 2 Range = R
0.602
4a 0 b 0, −2 c 1, 2 d 0, 1 0.301
5a 2.32 b 1.29 c 1.26 d 1.75

1 1 x x
6a x >2 bx > cx≤ dx <3 0 1 1 0 1 2
3 2 2
y
3 c y d
e x< fx >1 gx ≤3 Domain = R+ Domain = R+
4 Range = R Range = R
0.301 0.954
Exercise 12E
x 1
x
9 0 1 2 3 4 0
3
1
1 a log2 (10a) b1 c log2 d1 y
4 e y f Domain = R+
e −log5 6 f −2 g 3 log2 a h9 Domain = R+
Range = R
Range = R
2a 3 b 4 c −7 d −3 e 4 f −3 g 4
h −6 i −9 j −1 k 4 l −2
x
5 x –1 0
3a 2 b7 c9 d1 e 0 1
2 1
f logx a 5 g3 h1 2 a y = 2 log10 x b y = 10 3 x
1 1 1 1
4a 2 b 27 c d8 e 30 c y = log10 x d y = 10 2 x
125 3 3
2
f g8 h 64 i4 j 10 3 a y = log3 (x − 2) b y = 2x + 3
3
5a 5 b 32.5 c 22 d 20 x −2
√ c y = log3 d y = log5 (x + 2)
3 + 17 4
e f 3 or 0 1
2 e y = × 2x f y = 3 × 2x
5c 3
6 2 + 3a − 8 10 g y = 2x − 3 x +2
2 h y = log3
6 5
9a 4 b c3 d 10 e9 f2 y y
5 4a b
Exercise 12F log2 3

x
x
0 5 –2 0
x = –3
1a 2.81 b −1.32 c 2.40 d 0.79 e −2.58
f −0.58 g −4.30 h −1.38 i 3.10 j −0.68
2a x >3 bx < 1.46 c x < −1.15 x=4 Domain = (−3, ∞)
Domain = (4, ∞)
d x ≤ 2.77 ex ≥ 1.31
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
y y
c d b T = 0.2(2)n
c T
1 200
x x
0 1 x = –2 –1 0
2 150
100
Domain = (0, ∞) Domain = (−2, ∞) 0.2
50
y y
e f
0 2 4 6 8 10 n
d 214 748.4 m
x –1
x 4a p, q
0 3 0
2 (millions)
y = p(t)
y = q(t)
Domain = (0, ∞) Domain = (− ∞, 0)
1.7
5 a 0.64 b 0.40 1.2
y y
6 0 t
y = log10 (x 2) y = 2log10 x
b i t = 12.56 . . . (mid 1962)
ii t = 37.56 . . . (mid 1987)
x x
–1 0 1 0 1
y
1C 2A 3C 4C 5A
7 6B 7A 8A 9A 10 A
y = log10 √x = 12 log10 x for x ∈ (0, 10]
Short-answer questions
(technology-free)
x
0 1 1
1 a a4 b c
b2 m 2n2
8
y y 1 3a 6 5
y = log10 (2x) + log10 (3x) y = log10 (6x2)
d e f
ab6 2 3a 2
g a3 n8 1
0 1
x
–1 0 1
x h 4 i 2 4
m p q
√6 √6 √6 8
j k 2a l a2 + a6
5a 11 1
6 1
9a= and k = log10 103 2a log2 7 b log2 7 c log10 2
10 2 3 2
3
3 7
d log10 e 1 + log10 11 f 1 + log10 101
2
1
Exercise 12H g
5
log2 100 h −log2 10
3a 6 b7 c2 d0
1 y = 1.5 × 0.575x 2 p = 2.5 × 1.35t e 3 f −2 g −3 h4
3a 2
a
Total thickness, 4a log10 6 b log10 6 c log10
Cuts, n Sheets T (mm) b
2 3
a2 a b
0 1 0.2 d log10 e log10 y f log10
25 000 c
1 2 0.4
5a x =3 b x = 3 or x = 0
2 4 0.8
c x =1 d x = 2 or x = 3
3 8 1.6 y y
4 16 3.2 6a y = 2.2x
b
5 32 6.4
(1, 4)
6 64 12.8
(0, 2)
7 128 25.6 x x
8 256 51.2 0 0
(0, –3)
9 512 102.4
10 1024 204.8 y = –3.2x
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 623
y
c
y d d February 1998 until September 1998,
Answers
y = 2–x + 1 approximately 8 months.
(0, 2) 7 a 13.81 years b 7.38 years
y = 5.2–x y=1
x 8 a temperature = 87.065 × 0.94t
0
x 0 b i 87.1◦ ii 18.56◦
c temperature = 85.724 × 0.94t
e y f
y d i 85.72◦ ii 40.82◦
y=2 x– 1 e 28.19 minutes
9 a a = 0.2 and b = 5
(0, 3) y = 2 b i z = x log10 b ii a = 0.2 and k = log10 5
0
x
0
x 10 a y = 2 × 1.585
y
x
b y = 2 × 100.2x
y = –1 c x = 5 log10
2
7a x =1 Chapter 13
1 3
9x =3 10 a k = bq=
7 2 Exercise 13A
1
11 a a = b y = −4 or y = 20 7
2 4 4 11 8
1 a b c d e f
3 5 3 6 3 3
2 a 120◦ b 150◦ c 210◦ d 162◦
Extended-response questions e 100◦ f 324◦ g 220◦ h 324◦
3 a 34.38◦ b 108.29◦ c 166.16◦ d 246.94◦
1a
n 0 1 2 3 4 e 213.14◦ f 296.79◦ g 271.01◦ h 343.77◦
4 a 0.66 b 1.27 c 1.87 d 2.81
M 0 1 3 7 15 e 1.47 f 3.98 g 2.39 h 5.74
5 a −60◦ b −720◦ c −540◦ d −180◦
b M = 2n − 1 e 300◦ f −330◦ g 690◦ h −690◦
4
6 a −2 b −3 c −
3
n 5 6 7 11 7
d − 4 e− f−
6 6
M 31 63 127
Exercise 13B
c M
30 1a 0, 1 b −1, 0 c 1, 0 d 1, 0
e 0, −l f 1, 0 g −1, 0 h 0, 1
20
2a 0.95 b 0.75 c −0.82 d 0.96
10 e −0.5 f −0.03 g −0.86 h 0.61
3a 0; −1 b −1; 0 c −1; 0 d −1; 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 n e −1; 0 f 0; −1 g 0; −1 h 0; −1
d
Three discs 1 2 3
Exercise 13C
Times moved 4 2 1
Four discs 1 2 3 4 1a 0 b0 c undefined

d 0 e undefined f undefined
Times moved 8 4 2 1 2a −34.23 b −2.57 c −0.97
d −1.38 e 0.95 f 0.75 g 1.66
2n= 23n 5n − 2 3a 0 b0 c0 d0 e0 f0
1 1
3a b cn=3
2 2
n n Exercise 13D
1 1
4 a 729 b 128 c 4 times
4 2
1a 67◦ 59 b 4.5315 c 2.5357
5 a Batch 1 = 15(0.95) Batch 2 = 20(0.94)n
n
d 6.4279 e 50◦ 12 f 3.4202
b 32 years
g 2.3315 h 6.5778 i 6.5270
6 a X $1.82 Y $1.51 Z $2.62
2a a = 0.7660, b = 0.6428
b X $4.37 Y $4.27 Z $3.47
b c = −0.7660, d = 0.6428
c Intersect at t = 21.784 . . . and
c i cos 140◦ = −0.76604, sin 140◦ = 0.6428
t = 2.090 . . . therefore February 1997
ii cos 140◦ = −cos 40◦
until September 1998
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Exercise 13E Exercise 13G

1a −0.42 b −0.7 c −0.42 d −0.38 1 Period Amplitude
e 0.42 f −0.38 g −0.7 h 0.7
2a 120◦ b 240◦ c −60◦ a 2 2
d 120◦ e 240◦ f 300◦
b 3
5 7 11
3a b c 2 1
6 6 √ 6 c
1 3 1 3 2
4a a=− bb= cc=
2 2 2
√ d 4 3
− 3 √
d d= e tan ( − ) = − 3 2
2 √ e 4
f tan (−) = − 3 3
√ √
3 1 √ 3 1 1
5a − b c− 3 d− e− f
2 2
2 2 2 2
6 a −0.7 b −0.6 c −0.4 d −0.6 g 4 2
e −0.7 f −0.7 g 0.4 h 0.6
h 2 2
i 4 3
Exercise 13F
√ 2a y
3 1 √
1 a sin = , cos = − , tan = − 3
2 2 3
1 1
b sin = √ , cos = − √ , tan = −1
2 2 0 x
π 2π
√
1 3 1
c sin = − , cos = − , tan = √ –3
2 2 3 Amplitude = 3, Period = π
√ y
3 1 √ b
d sin = − , cos = − , tan = 3 2
2 2
1 1
e sin = − √ , cos = √ , tan = −1 0
2π 4π 2π
x
2 2
√ –2
3 3
2π
1 3 1 Amplitude = 2, Period =
f sin = , cos = , tan = √ 3
2 2 3 c y
√
3 1 √
g sin = , cos = , tan = 3 4
2 2
1 1
h sin = − √ , cos = − √ , tan = 1 0
π 2π 3π 4π
θ
2 2
√
3 1 √ –4
i sin = , cos = , tan = 3 Amplitude = 4, Period = 4π
2√ 2 d y
3 1 √ 1
j sin = − , cos = , tan = − 3 2
2 2
√
3 1 1 1 1 0 x
2a b −√ c −√ d − e −√ 2π 4π
2π
2 2 3 2 2 3 3
√ –
1
1 2π
√ 3 1 1
2
Amplitude = 2 , Period = 3
f 3 g− h √ i −√
2 2 3 e y
√
3 1 1
3a − b −√ c √ d not defined 4
2 2 3
1 1 2π
x
e 0 f −√ g √ h −1 0
2π 4π
2 2 3 3
–4 2π
Amplitude = 4, Period =
3
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 625
y y
f 4
Answers
5
5 2
π 3π
2 π 2 2π 0 x
0 x 3π 3π
π 3π 5π 7π
2 –5
4 4 4 4 2π,
–5 4
–5 2
Amplitude = 5, Period = π
g y 5 a dilation of factor 3 from the x-axis
amplitude = 3, period = 2
3 b dilation of factor 15 from the y-axis
2
amplitude = 1, period =
0 x 5
π 2π 3π 4π c dilation of factor 3 from the y-axis
–3
Amplitude = 3, Period = 4π d dilation of factor 2 from the x-axis
y
h dilation of factor 15 from the y-axis
2
2 amplitude = 2, period =
π π 3π 5
π
0
4 2 4
x e dilation of factor 15 from the y-axis
π 3π 5π 7π reflection in the x-axis
8 8 8 8 2
–2
π amplitude = 1, period =
Amplitude = 2, Period =
2 5
y f reflection in the y-axis
i
2 g dilation of factor 3 from the y-axis
dilation of factor 2 from the x-axis
0 x amplitude = 2, period = 6
3π 3π 9π 6π
h dilation of factor 2 from the y-axis
2 2
–2
dilation of factor 4 from the x-axis
Amplitude = 2, Period = 6π reflection in the x-axis
y
3a i dilation of factor 3 from the y-axis
1 dilation of factor 2 from the x-axis
–3π –π π 3π reflection in the y-axis
2 2 2 2
x amplitude = 2, period = 6
–2π –π 0 π 2π
6a y
–1 2
b y
x
2 0 1 1 3 2
2 4
–2
x
–6π –3π 0 3π 6π y
b
3
–2
y x
c 0 1 1 3 2
2 4
2
π 2π 4π 5π –3
3 3 π 3 3 2π
0 x 7 y
π π 5π 7π 3π 11π
6 2 6 6 2 6 y = sin x y = cos x
–2
y
d 0 x
π 2π
2
π
3 π
0 4π
x 5
2π 2π b ,
3 3 4 4
–2
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
y
Exercise 13H g
y √2
1a
3 0 θ
π 5π 4π
3 6 3
0 θ – √2
π π 3π 2π 5π
2 2 2 √ √ √
Period = , Amplitude = 2, y = − 2, 2
–3
y
h
Period = 2, Amplitude = 3, y = ±3
y 3
b
1 0 x
π π
2
θ –3
0
π 2π
Period = , Amplitude = 3, y = −3, 3
–1 y
i
Period = , Amplitude = 1, y = ±1 3
y
c
2 θ
π 0 π
–
13π 2 2
12
0 θ –3
5π
12 Period = , Amplitude = 3, y = 3, −3
–2 1 1
2 a f (0) = f (2) =
Period =
2
, Amplitude = 2, y = ±2 2 2
y
3 b π
y ,1
d 1 3
1
2π,
1 2
0,
√3 2
0 x
3π 5π 11π
2 6 6
0 θ –1
π π 4π
, –1
2 3
√ √
–√3 3 3
√ √
3 a f (0) = − f (2) = −
Period = , Amplitude = 3, y = ± 3 2 2
y
b
y 1
e
3 0 x
3 π 5π 4π 11π
– 3 6 3 6
2
0 x –1 2π, – 3
π π 2
2
1 1
–3 4 a f (−) = − √ f () = − √
2 2
y
Period = , Amplitude = 3, y = −3, 3 b
1
y
f 0, 1
√2 x
2
0
1 1
–π, – –1 π, –
√2 √2
θ
π 0 π 5π x b y = 3 sin 2x
–
4 12 12 5 a y = 3 sin
2
–2 x
c y = 2 sin d y = sin 2 x −
3 3
1
2
Period = , Amplitude = 2, y = −2, 2
3
e y = sin x+
2 3
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 627
8a 2.034, 2.678, 5.176, 5.820

Exercise 13I
Answers
b 1.892, 2.820, 5.034, 5.961
5 7 7
1a and b and c 0.580, 2.562, 3.721, 5.704
4 4 4 4 d 0.309, 1.785, 2.403, 3.880, 4.498, 5.974
2a 0.93 and 2.21 b 4.30 and 1.98
c 3.50 and 5.93 d 0.41 and 2.73
e 2.35 and 3.94 f 1.77 and 4.51 Exercise 13J
3a 150 and 210 b 30 and 150 c 120 and 240
d 120 and 240 e 60 and 120 f 45 and 135 y
1a
4a 0.64, 2.498, 6.93, 8.781 3
5 7 13 15
b , , , 1
4 4 4 4 0 x
7π 11π
2 7 8 –1
c , , , 6 6
3 3 3 3
3 3 2 2 2 b
y
5a ,− b , c ,− π π 7π 4π
4 4 3 3 3 3 2 – √3 6 3 6 3
x
y 0
6 –√3
1
–2 – √3
5π 1 π 1 π 1 5π 1
– , – , , ,
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
y
x c
0
4π 1 4π 1 (0, 1 + √2)
– ,– ,–
3 2 3 2
–1
2π 1 2π 1 0
– , – ,– x
3 2 3 2
1 – √2 3π 5π 2π
4 4
7 11 19 23
7a , , ,
12 12 12 12 d
y
π 5π
11 13 23
b , , , 4 4
x
12 12 12 12 0
5 13 17 –2
c , , ,
12 12 12 12 –4
5 7 13 15 21 23

d , , , , , e
y
12 12 12 12 12 12
1 + √2
5 7 17 19
e , , ,
12 12 12 12 0 (2π, 0)
x
5 7 13 15 1 – √2 3π
f , , , 2
8 8 8 8 y
2a –11π –7π –π –π π π 5π 3π
–2π 2π
6 6 2 6 6 2 6 2
x
0
(2π, –2)
–2
(–2π, –2)
–4
y
b
–23π –19π –15π –11π –7π –π π 5π 9π 13π 17π 21π
12 12 12 12 12 4 12 12 12 12 12 12
2
0
x
–2π –π π 2π
(–2π, –1.414) –2 (2π, –1.414)
y
c
–2π –π 0 π 2π
x
–1
–3 (2π, –3)
(–2π, –3)
–5
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
y
d
(–2 π, 3) 3 (2π, 3)
1
0
x
–2 π –5π – 4π – π –2π –π –1 π 2π π 4π 5π 2π
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
y
e –11π –3π –5π –π π π 7π 3π
6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2
x
–2π –π 0 π 2π
(–2 π, –2) –2 (2π, –2)
–3
y
f –19π –5π –7π –π 5π 3π 17π 7π
12 4 12 4 12 4 12 4
(–2π, 1 + √3) 3 (2π, 1 + √3)
1 + √3
x
–2π –π 0 π 2π
–1
y y
3a –3π –5π π 7π b
4 12 34 12 (π, 1 + √3)
(–π, 1 + √3)
1 + √3
x
–π 0 –1 π
y x
b –π –2π –π 0 π 2π π
–3π –π π 11π
4 12 4 12
3 3 3 3
3
x
(– π, –√3 + 1) –√3 + 1 0 (π, –√3 + 1)
–1 –5π –π –π π π 5π
y x= x= x= x= x= x=
c 6 2 6 6 2 6
y
2 + √3 c
(–π, √3) (π, √3)
1 + √3
x
–π √3 – 2 0 π –2π –π π 2π
3 3 3 3 x
−5π −2π π π
–π 0 π
6 3 6 3
Exercise 13K
–5π –π –π π π 5π
1 a 0.6 b 0.6 c −0.7 d 0.3 e −0.3 x=
6
x=
2
x=
6
x=
6
x=
2
x=
6
10
f (1.49) g −0.3 h 0.6 i −0.6 j −0.3 −7 −3 5
7 3a , , ,
5 8 8 8 8
2a b c d
3 3 12 14 −17 −11 −5 7 13
−4 −4 b , , , , ,
3 sin x = and tan x = 18 18 18 18 18 18
5 3
−12 −5 −5 − 2
4 cos x = and tan x = c , , ,
13 12 6 3 6 3
√
−2 6 √ −13 −7 − 5 11 17
5 sin x = and tan x = −2 6 d , , , , ,
5 18 18 18 18 18 18
y
Exercise 13L 4a
3
1a b c
4 2 2
y (– π, √ 3) (π, √ 3)
2a √3
x
–π 0 5π
6 6
π
–π π x
–π 0
2 2
–π π
x= x=
–3π –π π 3π 2 2
x= x= x= x=
4 4 4 4
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 629
y
b Short-answer questions
Answers
(technology-free)
(π, 2) 11 9 23 3
(– π, 2) 2 1a b c 6 e d
–π 0 3π
x 6 2 4 4
4 4 9 13 7 4
f g h i
4 6 3 9
π
2a 150◦ b 315◦ c 495 d 45◦
◦
e 1350◦
–π
x=
2
x=
2 f −135◦ g − 45◦ h − 495◦ i −1035√
◦
c
y 1 1 1 3
3a √ b √ c− d−
2 2 2 2
√
π 3 1 1 1
–3π
e f− g h −√
4 4
x 2 2 2 2
0 π
(–π, –3) (0, –3) 2 (π, –3) 4
Amplitude Period
a 2 4

Exercise 13M b 3
2
1a 0.74 b 0.51 1 2
c
c 0.82 or −0.82 d 0 or 0.88 2 3
2y = a sin (b + c) + d
d 3
a a = 1.993 b = 2.998 c = 0.003
d = 0.993 e 4 6
b a = 3.136 b = 3.051 c = 0.044
d = −0.140 f
2
3
c a = 4.971 b = 3.010 c = 3.136 3
d = 4.971
5a y b y
x
3 y = –3cos
2 y = 2 sin 2x 3
Exercise 13N
x x
0 π 0 3π 6π
1a D –3 point (6π, –3)
–2
13 is the f inal point
10 y
7 c y d
2
2
0 x
3 6 12 18 24 t x 0
0 π 2π 3π 6π
b {t : D(t) ≥ 8.5} = {t : 0 ≤ t ≤ 7} ∪ –2 3 3 –2
{t : 11 ≤ t ≤ 19} ∪ {t : 23 ≤ t ≤ 24} e y f y
c 12.9 m π 1 2π
1 y = sin x –
2 a p = 5, q = 2 4 y = sin x +
3
x x
bD 0
π 5π 9π –2π 0 π 4π
3 –1 3 3
7 –1 4 4 4
5 passes through 5π
3 4 y
g y h
2 3
0 6 12 t
x
c A ship can enter 2 hours after low tide. 0 5π 4π 11π 14π 17π
x
3a 5 b1 –2 6 3 6 6 6 –π 0 π 5π 4π 11π
5π
c t = 0.524 s, 2.618 s, 4.712 s y = 2 cos x – ––
6
6 3 6 3 6
d t = 0 s, 1.047 s, 2.094 s 2
–3
e Particle oscillates about the point x = 3 from 6a − ,−

3 3
x = 1 to x = 5. 2 5
b − ,− , ,
Multiple-choice questions 3 6 3 6
3 7 7
1C 2D 3E 4C 5E c , d e ,
6 2 6 2 6
6D 7E 8E 9C 10 B
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Extended-response questions 2 a 40 bacteria

−3 b i 320 bacteria ii 2560 bacteria
1 a i 1.83 × 10 hours
iii 10 485 760 bacteria
ii 11.79 hours
c N
b 26 April (t = 3.86) 14 August (t =
7.48)
(4, 2560)
◦ t
2 a 19.5 C b D = −1 + 2 cos (2, 320)
12 (0, 40)
c D 0
t (hours)
2
1
d 40 minutes, = hours
3
0 6 12 18 24 t 3 a 60 seconds
–1
–2
b h
(m)
–3 20
d {t : 4 < t < 20} 11
y = 11
3a d
2
(m) 0 10 40 60 t (s)
4.8
c [2, 20]
3
d After 40 seconds and they are at this height
1.2
every 60 seconds after they first attain this
0 6 12 18 24 t (hours) height.
b 3.00 am 3.00 pm 3.00 am e At t = 0, t = 20 and t = 60 for t ∈ [0, 60]
c 9.00 am 9.00 pm d 10.03 am 4a V
120
e i 6.12 pm ii 5 trips
4b D 1 1 t (s)
(m) 60 30
6 –120
1 k
4
bt= s ct= s, k = 0, 1, 2
2 180 30
5 a i Period = 15 seconds
0 8 16 t (hours)
2
c t = 16 (8.00 pm) ii amplitude = 3 iii c =
15
d t = 4 and t = 12 (8.00 am and 4.00 pm) depth
is 4 m b h = 1.74202
e i 1.5 m ii 2.086 m c h 2π
(metres) h(t) = 2 + 3sin (t – 1.7420)
15
f 9 hours 17 minutes 5
Chapter 14
–1 0 15 30 t (min)
14.1 Multiple-choice questions 6 a i 30 ii 49.5 iii 81.675
b 1.65 c 6.792
1B 2B 3B 4E 5D 6A h
7D 8C 9B 10 A 11 A 12 D d (hectares) h (t) = 30(1.65)t
13 A 14 D 15 D 16 D 17 A 18 E (1, 49.5)
19 D 20 D 21 E 22 A 23 E 24 B (0, 30)
25 D 26 B 0 t (hours)
7a
14.2 Extended-response questions t 0 1 2 3 4 5
1a h (m)
14 100 60 40 30 25 22.5
h = 10
10
6
b θ
(°C)
100
0 12 24 t (hours)
b t = 3.2393 and t = 8.7606
c The boat can leave the harbour for 0 t (min)
t ∈ [0.9652, 11.0348] c 1 minute d 27.071
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 631
8 a PA = 70 000 000 + 3 000 000t b speed
Answers
PB = 70 000 000 + 5 000 000t (m/s)
t 10
PC = 70 000 000 × 1.3 10
b P PC
PB
ii
PA
0
10 time (seconds)
70000000 i
6a volume b volume
t
c i 35 years ii 67 years
9a i 4 billion ii 5.944 billion iii 7.25 billion
0 height 0 height
b 2032
10 a V1 (0) = V2 (0) = 1000 c volume d volume
b V
(litres)
1000 0
0 height height
(25, 82.08) 7 V
0 25 t
c 82.08 litres d t = 0 and t = 22.32

0 h
11 a h 8D 9C
(6, 44)
(m) y = h (t)
1 10 a [−7, −4) ∪ (0, 3] b [−7, −4) ∪ (0, 3]
28 11 a [−5, −3) ∪ (0, 2] c [−5, −3) ∪ (0, 2]
18 (6, 18)
8 Exercise 15B
0 6 t (hours)
4
b t = 3.31 Approximately 3.19 am (correct to 1 km/min = 80 km/h
nearest minute) 3
d (km)
c i 9.00 am 200
d 8 + 6t metres
0 150 m t (min)
Chapter 15
2
US $ 600
Exercise 15A 500
400
300
Note: For questions 1–4 there may not be a single 200
100
correct answer.
0
1 C and D are the most likely. Scales should 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
A$
come into your discussion.
3 a 60 km/h b 3 m/s
2 height 3 speed 2
(cm)
(km/h) c 400 m/min = 24 km/h = 6 m/s
3
d 35.29 km/h e 20.44 m/s
0 1 1.25 distance from A (km) 4 a 8 litres/minute b 50 litres/minute
Age (years)
200 135
4 C or B are the most likely. c litres/min d litres/min
17 13
5 a distance 5
(metres) t 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 4 5
100
A 0 7.5 15 22.5 30 45 60 75
A
(L)
75
0
10 time (seconds) (1, 15)
0 1 5 t (min)
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
$200 14 28 b 12
6 per hour = $15.38 per hour
13 15 a 10 b4 √
1 2 2 2
7 208 m/s 8 V 16 a i ≈ 0.637 ii ≈ 0.9003
3 (cm3)
iii 0.959 iv 0.998
(2, 16)
b 1
17 a i 9 ii 4.3246 iii 2.5893 iv 2.3293
t (s)
b 2.30
Exercise 15C
√
−1 1− 5 Exercise 15E
1a2 b7 c d
2 4
−25 −18 4b 1 a 4 m/s b 1.12 m/s c 0 m/s
2a b c4 d √ √
7 7 3a d (−∞, − 3) and (0, 3 ) e (−1, 1)
3 a 4 m/s b 32 m/s 20
2 a i 30 km/h ii km/h iii −40 km/h
4 a $2450.09 b $150.03 per year 3
c V
5 3.125 cm/min 6C (km/h)
7 distance 30
(km)
1 0
2 5 8 t (h)
Car 1 Car 2
– 40
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 time (s) 3 s
11 (7, 11)
Exercise 15D
1 3
1a kg/month (answers will vary) (5, 3)
3 0
1 2 5 7 t
b kg/month (answers will vary)
2 –6 (2, –6)
1
c kg/month (answers will vary) 4aC b A c B
5
5 a +ve slowing down b +ve speeding up
2 a ≈ 0.004 m3 /s (answers will vary)
c −ve slowing down d −ve speeding up
b ≈ 0.01 m3 /s (answers will vary)
6 a gradually increasing speed
c ≈ 0.003 m3 /s (answers will vary)
1 b constant speed (holds speed attained at a)
3a = 0.0125 litres/kg m c final speeding up to finishing line
80
7at =6 b 15 m/s c 17.5 m/s
1
b ≈ 0.0167 litres/kg m d 20 m/s e −10 m/s f −20 m/s
60 8 a t = 2.5 b 0 ≤ t < 2.5
4 a ≈ 8 years b ≈ 7 cm/year c 6m d 5 seconds e 3 m/s
5 a 25◦ C at 1600 hours 9 a 11 m/s b 15 m c 1 s d 2.8 s e 15 m/s
b ≈ 3◦ C/h c −2.5◦ C/h 10 a t = 2, t = 3, t = 8 b 0 < t < 2.5 and t > 6
6 −0.5952 7 y c t = 2.5 and t = 6
1C 2B 3D 4E 5D
–4 0 4 x 6B 7C 8E 9A 10 A
a0 b −0.6 c −1.1
8 a4 Short-answer questions
9 a 16 m3 /min b 10 m3 /min (technology-free)
10 a 18 million/min b 8.3 million/min
11 a 620 m3 /min flowing out 1a depth
b depth
b 4440 m3 /min flowing out
c 284 000 m3 /min flowing out
12 7.19
13 a 7 b9 c2 d 35 0 time 0 time
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 633
c d b gradient = 5 14 ; Average rate of growth of the
Answers
depth depth
watermelon is 5 14 cm/day
c ≈ 4.5 cm/day
5 Full
0 time 0 time
Half
e depth f depth full
Quarter
full
6 8 10 1214 16 18 20 22 24 time (h)

0
0 time time 6 a b + a (a = b) b3 c 4.01
2a d 2 3 1
(km) 7 a 2 , 1 ; gradient = −1
200
3 5 15
b 2.1053, 1.9048; gradient = −1.003
c −1.000 025 d −1.000 000 3 e gradient is −1
0 180 t (min) 86
b ≈ 4.4 kg/year
9 a ≈ 3 3 kg/year
1
200
constant speed = km/h c {t : 0 < t < 5} ∪ {t : 10 < t < 12}
3 1
200 d {t : 5 < t < 7} ∪ {t : 11 < t < 17 }
= km/min 2
180 10 a i 2.5 × l08 ii 5 × 108
10
= km/min b 0.007 billion/year
9 c i 0.004 billion/year ii 0.015 billion/year
b distance
(m) d 25 years after 2020
30 11 a i 1049.1 ii 1164.3 iii 1297.7 iv 1372.4
b 1452.8
12 a a 2 + ab + b2 b 7 c 12.06 d 3b2
13 a B bA c 25 m d 45 s
5 10 15 20 time (s)
e 0.98 m/s, 1.724 m/s, 1.136 m/s
c distance 14 a m b cm c −c d results are the same
(6.5, 500)
500
480
440
400
360
320 (4.5, 320) Chapter 16
280
240
200
160
Exercise 16A
120
80
40 (1, 40)
1 2000 m/s 2 7 per day
1 2 3 4 5 6 time
3 a 1 b 3x 2 + 1 c 20 d 30x 2 + 1 e 5
3 36 cm2 /cm 4 a 2x + 2 b 13 c 3x 2 + 4x
4a1 b 13 5 a 5 + 3h b 5.3 c5
5 a −2 m/s b −12.26 m/s c −14 m/s −1 −1
6a b −0.48 c
Extended-response questions 2+h 2
1a Yes, the relation is linear. 7a 6+h b 6.1 c6
b 0.05 ohm/◦ C
2a i 9.8 m/s ii 29.4 m/s Exercise 16B
b i 4.9(8h − h 2 ) ii 4.9(8 – h) iii 39.2 m/s
1 1a 6x b4 c0 d 6x + 4
3 a i m/s2 ii 0.35 m/s2 e 6x 2 f 8x − 5 g −2 + 2x
4
2a 2x + 4 b 2 c 3x 2 − 1
b acceleration
(m/s2) d x −3 e 15x + 6x
2
f −3x 2 + 4x
3a 12x 11 b 21x 6 c5
d 5 e0 f 10x − 3
1
60 160 180 time (s) g 50x + 12x
4 3
h 8x 3 + x 2 − x
4a w (cm) 2
50 4a −1 b 0 c 12x 2 − 3 d x2 − 1
40 e 2x + 3 f 18x − 8
2
g 15x 2 + 3x
30 5a i3 ii 3a 2 b 3x 2
20
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 n (days)
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
dy c
6a = 3(x − 1)2 ≥ 0 for all x ∈ R and
dx
gradient of graph ≥ 0 for all x
dy
b = 1 for all x = 0 c 18x + 6
dx 11 a S = (0.6)t 2 b 0.6 m/s, 5.4 m/s, 15 m/s
7a 1, gradient = 2 b 1, gradient = 1 12 a height = 450 000 m; speed = 6000 m/s
c 3, gradient = −4 d −5, gradient = 4 b t = 25 s
e 28, gradient = −36 f 9, gradient = −24 5 25
13 a a = 2, b = −5 b ,−
1 4 8
8a i 4x − 1, 3, ,0
2

Exercise 16D
1 2 7 3 25 1 1
ii + x, , , 1 a 15 b1 c −3 d −2
2 3 6 4 16 2
iii 3x 2 + 1, 4, (0, 0) √2
e0 f4 g2 h2 3
iv 4x 3 − 31, −27, (2, −46) 11 1
b coordinates of the point where i −2 j 12 k l
9 4
gradient = 1 2 a 3, 4 b7
9a 6t − 4 b −2x + 3x 2 c −4z − 4z 3 3 a 0 as f (0) = 0, lim f (x) = 0 but
x→0+
d 6y − 3y 2 e 6x 2 − 8x f 19.6t − 2
lim f (x) = 2
10 a (4, 16) b (2, 8) and (−2, −8) x→0−

3 5 b 1 as f (1) = 3, lim f (x) = 3 but
c (0, 0) d ,− x→1+
2 4 lim f (x) = −1
x→1−
1 4
e (2, −12) f − , , (1, 0) c 0 as f (0) = 1, lim f (x) = 1 but
3 27 x→0+
lim f (x) = 0
x→0−
4x=1
Exercise 16C
Exercise 16E
1 b and d 2 a, b and e
3ax =1 bx =1 c x >l 1a y b y
1
d x <l ex=
2 y = f ′(x)
0
1 x
4a (−∞, −3) ∪ ,4 –1 1 0
x
2 –3 2 4
1 1
b −3, ∪ (4, ∞) c −3, , 4
2 2 c y d y
5a B bC cD dA eF fE
y = f ′(x)
6a (−1, 1.5) b (−∞, −1) ∪ (3, ∞) y = f ¢(x)
c {− l, l.5} x
x
y 0 0
y
7a b
e y f y
y = f ′(x)
x x
0 3 0
–1
y = f ′(x)
x x
c y d y –1 0 1 –1 0 1
y = f ′(x)
y = f ′(x) y
–1 3 x 2
x 0
0
3
1 1 3
8 a (3, 0) b (4, 2) 9a , −6 b (0, −6) 2 x
2 4 0
y = f'(x)
10 a b

−2x + 3 if x ≥ 0
f (x) =
3 if x < 0
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 635
3 y Extended-response questions
Answers
1 y
(1, 4)
x 1
0 1
(1, –2) x
–1 0 2 3 5
–1

2x + 2 if x ≥ 1 7 3 1 2 20
f (x) = 2y= x + x − x
−2 if x < 1 36 36 9
4 y
3 a i 71◦ 34 ii 89◦ 35 b 2 km
4 a 0.12, −0.15
b x = 2, y = 2.16. The height of the pass is
2.16 km.
√
x 5 a t = 3 250, 11.9 cm/s b 3.97 cm/s
(–1, –1) 6 a At x = 0, gradient = −2; at x = 2,
gradient = 2
(–1, –2)
–3 Angles of inclination to positive directions of
x-axis are supplementary.

−2x − 3 if x ≥ −1
f (x) =
−2 if x < −1 Chapter 17
Multiple-choice questions Exercise 17A

1D 2B 3E 4B 5C 1 a y = 4x − 4; 4y + x = 18
6C 7A 8E 9A 10 D b y = 12x − 15; 12y + x = 110
Short-answer questions c y = –x + 4; y = x
d y = 6x + 2; 6y + x = 49
(technology-free) 2 y = 2x − 10
8
1 a 6x −2 b0 c 4 − 4x 3 y = 2x − 1; y = 2x − ;
d 4(20x − l) e 6x + l f −6x − 1 3
4x + 7 4x − 1 e x both have gradient√= 2;
2a −1 b 0 c d 5
4 3 distance apart =
3a 1; 2 b 3; −4 c −5; 4 d 28; −36 3
4 y = 3x + 2; y = 3x + 6
3 5
4a ,− b (2, −12) 5 a Tangents both have gradient 2; b (0, −3)
2 4
6 (3, 12) (1, 4)
1 4 7 a y = 10x − 16 b (− 4, −56)
c − , , (1, 0) d (−1, 8)(1, 6)
3 27 8 a y = 5x − 1 b (2, 4) (4, −8)

3 11
e (0, 1) , − f (3, 0)(1, 4)
2 16 Exercise 17B
1 1 1
5a x= bx= cx> 36
2 2 2 1a 36; = 36 b 48 − 12h c 48
1 1 5 2a
1
1200t − 200t 2
b 1800 dollars/month
d x< e R fx=
2 2 8 c At t = 0 and t = 6 √
3a −3 cm/s b 2 3s
1 1 15 − 9.8t m/s b −9.8 m/s2
6a a = 2, b = −1 b ,− 4a
4 8 5a 30 − 4 p b 10; −10
7 y
c For P < 7.5 revenue is increasing as
y = f ′(x)
P increases.
6 a i 50 people/year ii 0 people/year
iii decreasing by 50 people/year
1
–1 0 2
x 7 a i 0 mL ii 833 mL
3
5
b V (t) = (20t − t 2 )
8 a (−1, 4) b (−∞, −1) ∪ (4, ∞) c {−1, 4} 8
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
c V ′(t) 3a y b y
mL/s
(10, 62.5) (1, 4)
(0, 2) (0, 0) (3, 0)

0 20 t (s)
x
0
x
(–1, 0) 0 (2, 0)
8 a i 64 m/s ii 32 m/s iii 0 m/s
9 a 0 s, 1 s, 2 s (2, –8)
b 2 m/s, −1 m/s, 2 m/s; −6 m/s2 , 0 m/s2 , 6 m/s2
c 0 m/s2 max at (1, 4) min at (2, −8)
1 1 min at (−1, 0) max at (0, 0)
10 a m/s2 b 2 m/s2 intercepts (2, 0) intercepts (3, 0)
2 2
and (−1, 0) and (0, 0)
Exercise 17C c y
1 a (3, –6) b (3, 2) c (2, 2) d (4, 48)

(–1, 16) (0, 11)
e (0, 0); (2, −8) f (0, −10); (2, 6)
2 a = 2, b = −8, c = −1 (1, 0)
x
0
1 1 (1 + 2√3, 0)
3 a = − , b = 1, c = 1 (1 – 2√3, 0) (3, – 16)
2 2
5 25
4 a a = 2, b = −5 b ,− min at (3, −16)
4 8
max at (−1, 16) √
5 a = −8 6a=6
7 625 intercepts (0, 11), (1 ± 2 3, 0) and (1, 0)
7 a (2.5, −12.25) b ,− 4 a (−2, 10) max
48 96 b (−2, 10) stationary point of inflexion
c (0, 27) (3, 0) d (−2, 48) (4, −60) 5 a (−∞, 1) ∪ (3, ∞) b (1, 14) max; (3, 10) min
e (−3, 4) (−1, 0) f (−1.5, 0.5) c y
8 a a = −1, b = 2
2 3 1 (1, 14) (4, 14)
9 a = − , b = , c = −3, d = 7
9 2 2 (0, 10)
(3, 10)
Exercise 17D
x
0
1 a min (0, 0); max (6, 108)
b min (3, −27); max (−1, 5) 6 25 7 {x : −2 < x < 2}
c Stationary point of inflexion (0, 0); 8 a {x : −1 < x < 1} b {x : x < 0}
min (3, −27) 5
9a x =− ;x =3
y y 3
y
(6, 108) (–1, 5)
b
x (6, 54)
0 – 35 , 400
27
(–1.9, 0) (4.8, 0)
x x
0 9 (3, –27) –3 5
0
(–5, –100)
y
(3, –36)

5 400
x max at − ,
0 3 27
(4, 0) min at (3, −36)
(3, –27) intercepts (5, 0) (0, 0) (−3, 0)

8 256
2 a (0, 0) max; , − min 10 y 11 y
3 27 (–3, 83)
b (0, 0) min; (2, 4) max c (0, 0) min (1, 0)

x (0, 2)
x
10 −200 000 0 (4, 0)
d , min; (0, 0) inflexion
3 729 (0, –4)
(3, –4)
(5, –173)
1 13
e (3, −7) min; , 2 max Tangents are parallel to
3 27
x-axis at (−3, 83) and
4 400 (5, −173).
f (6, −36) min; , max
3 27
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 637
y
12 a i (0, 2) b Short-answer questions
Answers
ii (−∞, 0) ∪ (2, ∞)
(technology-free)
iii {0, 2}
dy
0
x
1a = 4 − 2x b2 c y = 2x + 1
3 dx
2a 3x 2 − 8x b −4 c y = −4x d (0, 0)
(2, –4)
3a 3x 2 − 12; x = ±2
13
y b & c minimum when x = 2, y = −14
maximum when x = −2, y = 18
(3, 8)
4a x = 0 stationary point of inflexion
point of inflexion b x = 0 maximum
0 1
x c minimum when x = 3, maximum
(0, –19) when x = 2
d minimum when x = 2, maximum
y when x = −2
14
e maximum when x = 2, minimum
(0, 7)
when x = −2
(–√7, 0) 0 (√7, 0)
x f maximum when x = 3, minimum
(–1, 0) (1, 0) when x = 1
(2, –9)
g maximum when x = 4, minimum
(–2, –9)
when x = −3
min at (−2, −9); (2, −9) h maximum when x = 3, minimum
when x = −5
max at (0, 7) √
intercepts (± 7, 0) (±1, 0) (0, 7) 2 16
5a − , minimum,
3 9

Exercise 17E 2 16
, maximum
3 9
1a y = 4x − 7 b y = 10x − 15
c y = 6x − 7 d y = −18x + 25 b (−1, 0) maximum, (2, −27) minimum
2a (0, 1) local max.; (1.33, −0.19) local min.
2 100
b No stationary points c , maximum, (3, −9) minimum
3 27
c (0, 1) local max.; (0.67, 0.70) local min.
d (−0.22, −0.11) local min.; (1.55, 2.63) 6a y b y
local max. (2, 4)

(6, 0)
e (0, 0) local min.; (2, 4) local max. x
0
f no stationary points x
0 3
dx (4, –32)
3 y y= y = x(t) y
dt c y d
(1, 4) – 12 , 1 √3
, 0
2
0 t
2 0
x
x – √23 , 0
–1 0 2 1
, –1
acceleration 2
e y
Exercise 17F 0 (12, 0)

x
2 2
1 a 0.6 km b 0.7 km /h
2 a t = 1, a = 18 m/s2 ; t = 2, a = 54 m/s2 ; t = 3, (8, –256)
a = 114 m/s2
b 58 m/s2
3 a i 0.9375 m ii 2.5 m iii 2.8125 m Extended-response questions
40 80
bx= ,y= 1 a −14 m/s b −8 m/s2
3 27 V
c i x = 11.937, x = 1.396 ii x = 14.484 2a
27 000 000
(litres)
75x − x 3
4b V = c 125 cm3
2
Multiple-choice questions 0 30 t (minutes)
1D 2E 3E 4A 5C
6D 7D 8A 9A 10 C b i 17.4 minutes ii 2.9 minutes
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
dV c y (7, 493.6)
c = −3000(30 − t)2 (m)
dt
d 30 minutes e 28.36 minutes
(0, 28.8)
f y
x (km)
27000000
y = V(t) d Path gets too steep after 7 km.
0 30
e i 0.0384 ii 0.0504 iii 0.1336
y = V ′(t) t 9a y
–2700000 y = x3
3a W (20, 80)
(tonnes) (40, 80) x
0
(30, 78.75) y = 2 + x – x2
0 60 x (days)
b For x < 0, minimum vertical distance occurs
when x = −1.
b after 5.71 days until 54.29 days Min distance = 1 unit
dW dW 4
c x = 20, = 0; x = 40, = 0; 10 8 mm for maximum and mm for minimum
dx dx 3
dW 11 a y = 5 − x b P = x(5 − x)
x = 60, = −12 t/day c maximum value = 6.25,
dx
when x = 2.5 and y = 2.5
d x = 30, W = 78.75
12 a y = 10 – 2x b A = x 2 (10 − 2x)
4 a 15◦ C
1000 10 10
45 ◦ 15 ◦ c ;x = ,y=
b 0◦ C/min, C/min, C/min, 27 3 3
16 4 √
45 ◦
C/min, 0◦ C/min 13 20 10
16 14 a y = 8 − x b s = x 2 + (8 − x)2 c 32
c y
(°C) 4 8
15 ; 16 25 m × 25 m = 625 m2
(20, 65) 3 3
65
17 x = 12 18 32 19 maximum P = 2500
20 2 km × 1 km = maximum of 2 km2
3 8
15 21 p = , q =
2 3
0 20 t (min)
22 a y = 60 − x b S = 5x 2 (60 − x)
5 a 768 units/day b 432, 192, 48, 0 c 0 < x < 60 dS
c t = 16 (40, 160 000)
d sweetness
(units)
4000 (16, 4000)
0 60 x (cm)
0 1 16 time (days) e x = 40, y = 20
23 12◦ C
6a y
24 b 0 < x < 30 c V
y = s(t) (cm3) (20, 24 000)
0 t (minutes)
ds
y= 0 30 x (cm)
dt
d 20 cm, 40 cm, 30 cm
5
b 11.59 am; 12.03 pm c km, 1 km e x = 14.82 or x = 24.4
27 25 b Maximum when x = 3, y = 18
8 7
d km/min = 17 km/h 26 a 44 cm should be used to form circle,
27 9 56 cm to form square
1 b All the wire should be used to form
e km/min = 20 km/h
3 the circle.
7 a 0 ≤ t ≤ 12 b i 27 L/h ii 192 L/h 7.2x
27 Width 4.5 metres, length metres
8 a 28.8 m b 374.4 28 a A = x y b A = 8− x
2
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 639

c 0 < x < 16 d A 2
66 , 14
22
Answers
(m2) (8, 32) 2a
3 27
b i 0.28 ii −0.32 iii −1
c A gradual rise to the turning point and a
descent which becomes increasingly steep
0 8 16 x (m) (in fact alarmingly steep).
e 32 m 2 d Smooth out the end of the trip
5
29 a = 937, h = 1188 10 3a h = 5 − 4x c 0<x <
30 a y = 10 − x b 0≤x ≤ 4
dV
x d = 30x − 36x 2
c A = (20 − x) d A 10 100
, d x
2 (m2) π 2π 5 17
e 0, ; maximum volume = 3 cm3
6 36
f V 5 125
,
0 10 x (m) (cm3) 6 36
π
10
e maximum at x = f a semicircle
500 0 5
31 a h = , 0 x cm
−x b V = 500x − x 3 4
x
dV dh
c = 500 − 3x 2 4a = 30 − 10t b 45 m
dt
dx h
5 c (3, 45)
d x = 10 ≈ 7.28 (m)
3
e V
(cm3)
0 3 6 t (s)
5 a A = 4x − 6x 2 b V = x 2 − 2x 3
0 500 500 x (cm)
3π π c V 1 1
,
(cm3) 3 27
f 2427.89 cm3
g x = 2.05 and h = 75.41 or x = 11.46
1 0
and h = 2.42 0
2
, x cm
32 a r = 4.3 cm, h = 8.6 cm 1 1 1 1

d × × , cm3
3 3 √ 3 27
6 a i r = 1 − x2 ii h = 1 + x
Chapter 18 c 0<x <1
dV
18.1 Multiple-choice questions d i = (1 − 2x − 3x 2 )
dx 3
1B 2A 3B 4A 5B 6A
32 3
ii 13 iii m
7D 8B 9C 10 A 11 C 12 B 81
13 A 14 C 15 C 16 A 17 D 18 E e V 1 32π
(m3) ,
19 C 20 B 21 E 22 D 23 A 24 A 3 81
25 C 26 D 27 B 28 B 29 B 30 C π
0,
31 D 32 E 33 A 34 A 35 C 36 C 3
0 1 x (m)
18.2 Extended-response questions
dy 7 a 1000 insects b 1366 insects
1 a 100 b = 1 − 0.02x c i t = 40 ii t = 51.70
dx
c x = 50, y = 25 d 63.64
d y 3 h
(50, 25) 1000 × 2 4 (2 20 − 1)
e i
h
ii Consider h decreasing and approaching
x
zero; instantaneous rate of change
0 100 = 58.286 insects/day
e i (25, 18.75) ii (75, 18.75)
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS

Answers
150 − 2x 2 ei y 81
8ah= ii 0,
3x 4.5, 81 4
2 4
b V = (150x − 2x 3 )
3
dV √
c = 2(50 − 2x 2 ) d 0<x <5 3 x
dx 0 4.5 9
1000 3
e m when x = 5 13 a i 0 ii 1600
3 dV
f V b = 0.6(40t − 2t 2 )
1000
dt
(m3) 5, c V
3
(20, 1600)
d dV
dt
(10, 120)
0 (5 √ 3, 0) x (m)
9 a 10
c i h = 2.5x 0 t 0 20 t
d V = 40(420x − 135x 2 )
14 a −1 = a + b b 0 = 3a + 2b, a = 2, b = −3
14 140 y
e ix= ,y= c
9 9
2
ii 13 066 m3
3 (0, 0)
10 a a = 200, k = 0.000 01 x
400 320
bix= ii y = (1, –1) √
3 27 3
8379 357 15 a i 80 − 2x ii h = x
ci ii √ 2
800 4000 3 80
357 441 441 b A= x(160 − 3x) cx=
diy= x+ ii 4 3
4000 400 400 1400 − 2x 2 − 8x
e 0.099 75 16 a y =
y 4x
f y=
357 x 441
+ x3
4000 400 b V = − − 2x 2 + 350x
400 , 320 2
3 27 dV 3
c = − x 2 − 4x + 350 d x = 14
441 y = 0.00001x2(200 – x) dx 2
0,
400
x e V (14, 3136)
0 (cm3)
2
11 a 10 000 people/km
√
2+ 6
b 0<r ≤ 0 14 24.53 x (cm)
2
c P f maximum volume is 3136 cm3
(×100)
(1, 30)
g x = 22.83 and y = 1.92 or x = 2.94 and
y = 115.45
10
Chapter 19
0 2 + √6
2
,0 r (km) Exercise 19A
dP
d i = 40 − 40r ii 20; 0; −40 1 a −6x −3 − 5x −2 b −6x −3 + 10x
dr
20 −5
iii dP c −15x −4 − 8x −3 d 6x − x
dr 3
40 2 + √6 e −12x −3 + 3 f 3 − 2x −2
2
0 1 r 2 a −2z −2 − 8z −3 , z = 0
b −9z −4 − 2z −3 , z = 0
e when r = 1 1
c , z = 0 d 18z + 4 −18z −4 , z = 0
a2 a 2
12 a y = ax − x 2 b 0<x <a , c 3
4 2 e 2z −3 , z = 0 f − , z = 0
d negative coefficient of x 2 for quadratic 5
function
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 641
3a y 3 5 3 1
Answers
3
c −4x −3 − x − 2 d x 2 − x− 2
2 2
15 3 1
e x 2 + 3x − 2
2
x
0
−2 − h Exercise 19D
b Gradient of chord PQ =
(1 + h)2
1 1 1 a 6x b 0 c 108(3x + 1)2
c −2 dy= x+
2 2 1 3
3 1 d − x − 2 + 18x e 306x 16 + 396x 10 + 90x 4
4 a 11 b c −1 d5 4 9 1
4 8 f 10 + 12x −3 + x − 2
1 1 4
5a− b 2 a 18x b 0 c 12 d 432(6x + 1)2
2 2
e 300(5x + 2)2 f 6x + 4 + 6x −3
3 –9.8 m/s2 7
Exercise 19B 4 a i −16 ii 4 m/s iii m/s iv −32 m/s
4
1a 30(x − 1)29 bt =0 c −8 m/s
b 100(x 4 − 2x 9 )(x 5 − x 10 )19
c 4(1 − 3x 2 − 5x 4 )(x − x 3 − x 5 )3 Exercise 19E
d 8(x + 1)7 e −4(x + 1)(x 2 + 2x)−3
1 1 15
f −6(x + x )(x − 2x −1 )−4
−2 2 1a ,4 − , −4 by= x +1
2 2 4
2a 24x 2 (2x 3 + 1)3 b 648
1 3 1 1
3a − b− 2± 3
16 256 2 2
4 a (4, 0) (1, 0) b y = x − 5; x = 0
2 1 1
4a − b −3, − 0, c (2, −1) min; (–2, −9) max
9 3 3 y
1 1
5a − b
4 4
c y = −x + 2 d y = x −2 x
0
e at P, y = x + 2; at Q, y = −x − 2; (−2, 0) (–2, –9) (2, –1)
y
f
1
y=– x 2 y= 1
x
2 53
x
–2 0 64 y
–2 y=x
0 (2, 4)
x
Exercise 19C
1 −2 3 1 7a y b y
1a x 3 b x2;x > 0
3 2 x=0
x=0
5 3 3 1 1 2 y=x
c x 2 − x 2 ; x > 0 d x − 2 − 5x 3
y = –x
2 2 (1, 2) (–1.26, 1.89) (1, 0)
x x
5 11 1 3
e − x− 6 f − x− 2 ; x > 0
(–1, –2) 0 0
6 2
1 1 2
2 a x(1 + x 2 −2
) b (1 + 2x)(x + x 2 )− 3 y = –x
3
y y
3 1 2 c d
c −x(1 + x 2 )− 2 d (1 + x)− 3 x = –3 x=0
3 4
4 4 1 1 3
3ai ii iii iv (3, 108)
3 3 3 3 x
6
–1 0
0
x
2 y=x+1 (–2, 0) (–3, –108)
4 a {x : 0 < x < 1} b x : x >
3 (– 4, –4)
1 √ 1 √
5 a −5x − 2 2 − 5 x b 3x − 2 3 x + 2
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
e y
f y
120 120
5 + √21
5 – √21 2
3 a OA = b OX = +7
2
y=x–2 x x 600
x 2 c OZ = x + 5 d A = 7x + + 155
0 x
y=x–5 (1, –3) x √
–2 0 2 10 42
(–1, –7) –2 ex= ≈ 9.26 cm
7
√ 1
4 a A(−2, 0), B(0, 2) b √
2 x +2
Multiple-choice questions √
1 3 5
1B 2D 3A 4A 5A ci ii 2y − x = 3 iii
2 2
6E 7A 8B 9A 10 D 7
dx >−
4
18
Short-answer questions 5ah= 2 c x = 3, h = 2
x
(technology-free) d A
2 4 100
1 a −4x −5 b −6x − 4 d 5 c
3x 3 x 108
A = 2x2 + x
−15 −2 1 −2 2
e 6 f 3 − 2 g 2 h 10x + 2 (3, 54)
x x x x x
1 1 2 20
2a 1
b 2
c 4
2x 2 3x 3 3x 3 0 2 10 x
1 1 6 250
4 1 e− 4 f− 4 + 6ay= 2
d x3 2 x
3 3x 3 3x 3 5x 5 dS 3000
c = 24x − 2 d S min = 900 cm2
1 dx x
3 a 8x + 12 b 24(3x + 4)3 c 3
(3 − 2x) 2 Chapter 20
−2 −4 −3x Exercise 20A
d e f
(3 + 2x)2 5 3
3(2x − 1) 3 (2 + x 2 ) 2 x4
2 1a +c b x 3 − 2x + c
1 6 3 −3 8
g 4x + 3 2x − 2
2
5x 4
x4 2x 3
3 x x c − x2 + c d − +c
4 5 3
1 1 1 x3 x 3
4a b −2 c − d −2 e f0 e − x2 + x + c f +x +c
6 16 6 3
3
1 1 1 1 z4 2z 3 4t 3
5 , 2 and − , −2 6 , g − +c h − 6t 2 + 9t + c
2 2 16 4 2 3 3
t4 t2
i − t3 + 3 − t +c
Extended-response questions 4 2
x2
1ah=
400
c
dA 800
= 4r − 2 2 a y = x2 − x b y = 3x −
+1
r 2 dr r 2
3 3
1 x x
200 3 cy= + x 2 + 2 d y = 3x − +2
dr= ≈ 3.99 e A = 301 3 3
2x 5 x2
f 600A A = 2πr2 + 800 ey= +
r 5 2
A = 2πr2 t3 t2 9 1727
3aV = − + b ≈ 287.83
3 2 2 6
4 f (x) = x − x + 2
(4, 300) 3
5 10 r 5aB b w = 2000t − 10t 2 + 100 000

16 x2 x4
2ay= c x = 4, P = 16 6 f (x) = 5x − + 4 7 f (x) = − x3 − 2
x 2 4
d P 2
50 8 a k = 8 b (0, 7) 98
3
a k = −4 b y = x 2 − 4x + 9
32
P = 2x + x 10
(4, 16) 11 a k = −32 b f (x) = 201
10
1
0 10 50 x 12 y = (x 3 − 5)
3
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
Answers 643
Exercise 20B Short-answer questions
Answers
3 2 (technology-free)
1a− +c b 3x 2 − +c x
x 3x 3 x3 x3 3x 2
1a +c b +c c + +c
4 3 2 5 9 4 20 9 2 6 3 2
c x2 + x2 +c d x3 − x4 +c
3 5 4 9 4x 3 at 2
d + 6x 2 + 9x + c e +c
3 2 12 7 14 3 3 2
e z2 − + c f x4 − x2 +c t4 t 3
t2
2 z 7 3 f +c g − − 2t + c
2 3 1 2 22 12 3 2
2 a y = x2 + x −
3 2 3 −t 3 t2
1 3 1 9 h + + 2t + c
b y =2− c y = x2 − + 3 2
x 2 x 2
1 17 2 f (x) = x 2 + 5x − 25
3 f (x) = x 3 + − 3 a f (x) = x 3 − 4x 2 + 3x b 0, 1, 3
x 2 5 3
−1 2x 2 4x 2
3t 2 8 4 a 2 +c − +c
4s = + −8 5y=5 x b
2 t 5 3
6a2 b y = x2 + 1 3x 2 −6x − 1
c + 2x + c d +c
x3 7 2 2x 2
7y= + 3
3 3 7 4
5x 2 4x 2 20x 4 3x 3
e − +c f − +c
2 3 7 2
Exercise 20C
3
7 1 15 2x 2 3x + 1
1a b 20 c− d9 e g 2x − +c h− +c
3 4 4 3 x2
297 1 1 1 3
f = 49.5 g 15 h 30 5 s = t 2 + 3t + +
6 3 2 t 2
1 196
2a1 bl c 14 d 31 e2 f0 6a3 b6 c 114 d e5
4 3
3a8 b 16 c −4 7a
14
b 48
3 1 15 16
c d e
4 a −12 b 36 c 20 3 4 2 16 15
26 8 y
5 6 36 square units
3
7 3.08 square units
8 a 24, 21, 45 b 4, −1, 3
2
9 4.5 square units 10 166 square units
3 0 1
x
2
37 15
11
12
square units Area = square units
4 1 4
12 a square units b square units 1 1
3 6 9 4 square units 10 21 square units
2 12
1 1 4
c 121 square units d square units 11 a (1, 3) (3, 3) b6 c
2 6 3
√
e 4 3 ≈ 6.93 square units
f 108 square units Extended-response questions

9 x3
1ay= − 2x 2 + 3
Exercise 20D 32 3
b y
1 a 13.2 b 10.2 c 11.7 (0, 3)

2 Area ≈ 6 square units 3 ≈ 3.13
4 a 36.8 b 36.75
(4, 0)
5 a 4.371 b 1.128 x
0
6 109.5 m2
4 8
c Yes, for the interval ,
Multiple-choice questions 3 3
3
1C 2D 3A 4D 5B 2 a 27 square units by= (x − 4)2
25
6B 7D 8B 9C 10 A
P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS
√
189 486 e i (15 + 5 33, 12)
c square units d square units √
25 25 ii R = 60 33√− 60, q = 20,
3 a i 120 L ii R p = 15 + 5 33
(L/s)
2 6ai9 ii y = 9x − 3
iii y = 3x 2 + 3x
0 60 t (s) b i 12 + k ii k = −7
b i 900 L ii R t iii f (x) = 3x 2 −7x + 12
R=
(L/s) (60, 30) 2
7 a 6 m2
1 1
bi y=x− ii x2 − m2
2 4
0 60 t (s)
c i P = (−2, 2); S = (2, 2), equation y = 1 x 2
iii 900a 2 L 2
ci 7200 square units 16 2
ii volume of water which has flowed in ii m
3
iii 66.94 s
8 a y = 7 × 10−7 x 3 − 0.001 16x 2 + 0.405x + 60
4 a i & ii s b 100 m
(km/h)
ci y ii (0, 60)
60
0 2 t (h)
x
0
bi s ii 3.75 km
(km/min)
(5, 1.5) d 51 307 m2
1.5
9a y
b x = 2.988
x
0 5 t (min) y =∫0 f (t)dt
c i 20 − 6t m/s2
x
ii V iii 144 metres 0
Chapter 21
20
0 6 t
3
1D 2E 3C 4D 5E
5 a i 4 m ii 16 m b i 0.7 ii −0.8
6D 7A 8A 9C 10 D
100 500 3125 2
ci ii d m 11 E 12 C 13 B 14 C 15 C
3 27 6 16 E

Answers

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P1: FXS/ABE P2: FXS

0521609976ans-ch1-4.xml CUAT006-EVANS August 4, 2005 18:51

Answers 586 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

e x<4 Multiple-choice questions

588 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

6 a C T = 2.8x, C B = 54 + x 3 Coordinates of C are (6, 8.8)  

Answers 590 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

Short-answer questions 5 a i C = 0.091n ii C = 1.65 + 0.058n

Extended-response questions 0 100

14 a Method 1: Cost = $226.75; Method 2: g 3x 2 + 4x + 3 h −10x 2 + 5x − 2

Answers 592 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

Exercise 3E i y = 3(x − 1)2 + 9

Answers 594 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

e f (x) f f (x) Exercise 3H

Answers 596 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

5a T 3a 4(x − 2) b x(3x + 8) c 3x(8a − 1)

Answers 598 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

iii (0, –1) (1, 0) (2, 1) (3, 2) (4, 3)

600 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

Answers 602 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

e Range = (−∞, 4] f Range = [−2, 2] c y d y

6 a f (2) = 5; f (−4) = 29 b Range = [−3, ∞) 6a y

Range = [0, ∞) Range = [0, ∞)

f Domain = R, Range = (−∞, 3] –4

g Domain = [2, ∞), Range = R+ ∪ {0} b Range = (−∞, 4] –5

b Domain = R, Range = [2, ∞) x

Answers 604 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

Exercise 5F d f −1 (x) = x − 4 domain = [4, ∞),

b Range = [0, 36] −1 5

15 f (x) = −2(x − 1)(x+ 5) y = –3

1 a {(3, l)(6, –2)(5, 4)(1, 7)}; domain = x x

(–3, –5) (–1, –3)

y f y Range = (0, ∞) Range = (− 4, ∞)

Answers 606 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

c y d y iii A reflection in the x-axis followed by a

negative direction of the y-axis c x > 100 km

Short-answer questions Coach starting from Z :

3a Range = R b Range = [–5, 4] 2

c Range = [0, 4] d Range = (−∞, 9] 1

Range = [8307.27, 10180.473]

Answers 608 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

c i maximum value of d(x) is 8.25 ii [0, 8.25] 15

43 6 a = 3, b = −3, P(x) = (x − 1)(x + 3)(x + 1)

h (3b + 2a)(9b2 − 6ab + 4a 2 ) y y

d (3x + 1)(x + 3)(2x − 1)

Answers 610 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

the x-axis at x = −1 and cuts it –2

Exercise 6G (–3.54, –156.25) (3.54, –156.25)

e x ≤ −1 f x ≥ 1 gx > 4 h x ≤ −3 (3.57, –3.12)

(–5.61, 23.74) f h = 2.48 or h = 6.47

f V max = 96.8 cm3 when x = 1.81 1

Answers 612 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

c 0 200 400 600 800 t (s)

2 a R − 10 = a(x − 5)3 e Profit P f 5500

i 0 < x < 24 (4.2, 105.84)

Chapter 7 f 110.25 cm2 (area of rectangle = 0)

7.2 Extended-response questions

Answers 614 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

relative frequency approaches the value of the R

Answers 616 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

5 11 iii Pr(a heart picture card) = 13

Multiple-choice questions Exercise 9B

Answers 618 Essential Mathematical Methods Units 1 & 2

6 a C T = 2.8x, C B = 54 + x 3 Coordinates of C are (6, 8.8)