PURUSHOTTAM INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

&
TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project entitled “4 CHANNEL LONG

RANGE RF BASE REMOTE CONTROL (ON/OFF TYPE)” is a
bonfide work done by DEBESH MOHANTY bearing Regd. No. –
0701218371 and is a student of 7th semester, sec B of “Electrical And
Electronics Engineering Branch” of Purushottam Institute of
Engineering &Technology under B.P.U.T., ODISHA.

H.O.D. (E.E.E.) PROJECT INCHARGE

PROF. B.DASH Mr. B.Paul
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have the greatest pleasure to my profound respect and
sincere thanks to Mr. B.Paul of P.I.E.T. , RKL for his kind co-
operation and recommendation of the topic & providing me
valuable information on the project topic . I am also indebted to
the faculty members of EEE department who took great pain in
attending my seminar talk at the cost of their most valuable
time.
Submitted By:-
Debesh Mohanty
REGD.NO. – 0701218371
SEMESTER – 7th
SEC-B
BRANCH-EEE
 CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Component used
3. Component description
4. Block diagram
5. Circuit description
6. Working
7. Application
8. Conclusion
9. Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION
Most existing remote controls for consumer electronics use infrared (IR)
technology to control devices. Increased demand for advanced functionality
that cannot be supported by existing IR technology is leading the move to
radio frequency (RF) remote controls.
RF remotes provide new levels of interactivity and convenience for today's
digital home when compared to IR remotes. As more devices add Internet
connectivity and other features, the need for two-way communication
grows. RF remotes are also faster, more reliable and have greater range
than IR remotes. Plus they do not require line-of-sight operation like IR
remotes.
Other benefits include low power consumption, avoidance of using
manufacturer-specific IR codes, reduced interference from LCD and
plasma TVs, and connectivity with home automation systems.
RF technology has been gradually replacing IR technology in high-end
remote control products.
COMPONENTS USED:~
Resistors:-

• R1,2,3,4 -- 1kΩ

• RA2 -- 4kΩ 7 5pin resister network

Capacitor:-

• C1,2 --100µF/25V

• C3 --1KPF(104),100KPF

• C4 --1000µF/25V

ICs:-

• U1(IC1) -- ULN2004 IC Socket 16 PIN-3PCS

• U2(IC2) -- L7805 CV

• U3,4(IC3,4) -- HCF4027 BE

DIODE:-

• D5,6,7,8 –4007DIODE

LED:-

• LED1,2,34 -- 5MM LED

RELAY:-

• RL1,2,3,4 – 12V Relay

RFMODULE –M Type
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION:-

RESISTOR:-
 • A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that produces a voltage across
its terminals that is proportional to the electric currentthrough it in accordance
with Ohm's law:
• V = IR
• Resistors are elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are
ubiquitous in most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of
various compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high-
resistivity alloy, such as nickel-chrome).

• The primary characteristics of a resistor are the resistance, the tolerance, the
maximum working voltage and the power rating. Other characteristics
include temperature coefficient, noise, and inductance. Less well-known is critical
resistance, the value below which power dissipation limits the maximum
permitted current, and above which the limit is applied voltage. Critical resistance
is determined by the design, materials and dimensions of the resistor.

• Resistors can be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits, as well as integrated
circuits. Size, and position of leads (or terminals), are relevant to equipment
designers; resistors must be physically large enough not to overheat when
dissipating their power.

UNITS:
• The ohm (symbol: Ω) is the SI unit of electrical resistance, named after Georg
Simon Ohm. Commonly used multiples and submultiples in electrical and
electronic usage are the milliohm (1x10−3), kilohm (1x103), and megohm (1x106).
CAPACITOR:-

• A capacitor (formerly known as condenser) is a passive electronic

component consisting of a pair of conductors separated by adielectric (insulator).
When there is a potential difference (voltage) across the conductors, a
static electric field develops in the dielectric that stores energy and produces a
mechanical force between the conductors. An ideal capacitor is characterized by
a single constant value, capacitance, measured in farads. This is the ratio of
the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between them.

• Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while
allowing alternating current to pass, in filter networks, for smoothing the output
of power supplies, in the resonant circuits that tune radios to
particular frequencies and for many other purposes.

• The effect is greatest when there is a narrow separation between large areas of
conductor, hence capacitor conductors are often called "plates", referring to an
early means of construction. In practice the dielectric between the plates passes
a small amount of leakage current and also has an electric field strength limit,
resulting in a breakdown voltage, while the conductors and leads introduce an
undesired inductance and resistance.
ICs:-
U1(IC1)-ULN2004 IC SOCKET 16 PIN-3PCS:-

• The ULN2004APG/AFWG Series are high−voltage, high−current

• darlington drivers comprised of seven NPN darlington pairs.
• All units feature integral clamp diodes for switching inductive
• loads.
• Applications include relay, hammer, lamp and display (LED)
• drivers.
• The suffix (G) appended to the part number represents a Lead
• (Pb)-Free product.

Features
• � Output current (single output): 500 mA max
• � High sustaining voltage output: 50 V min
• � Output clamp diodes
• � Inputs compatible with various types of logic
• � Package Type-APG: DIP-16pin
• � Package Type-AFWG: SOL-16pin
U2(IC2)-L7805 CV

• OUTPUT CURRENT UP TO 1.5 A

• n OUTPUT VOLTAGESOF 5; 5.2; 6; 8; 8.5; 9;
• 12; 15; 18; 24V
• n THERMAL OVERLOADPROTECTION
• n SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
• n OUTPUT TRANSITION SOA PROTECTION

DESCRIPTION
• The L7800 series of three-terminal positive
• regulators is available in TO-220 TO-220FP TO-3
• and D2PAK packages and several fixed output
• voltages, making it useful in a wide range of
• applications.These regulators can provide local
• on-card regulation, eliminating the distribution
• problems associated with single point regulation.
• Each type employs internal current limiting,
• thermal shut-down and safe area protection,
• making it essentially indestructible. If adequate
• heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1A
• output current. Although designed primarily as
• fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be
• used with external components to obtain
• adjustable voltages and currents.
U3,4(IC3,4)-HCF4027BE:-

• SET RESET CAPABILITY

• n STATIC FLIP-FLOP OPERATION - RETAINS
• STATE INDEFINETELY WITH CLOCK LEVEL
• EITHER "HIGH" OR "LOW"
• n MEDIUM-SPEED OPERATION - 16MHz
• (Typ. clock toggle rate at 10V)
• n QUIESCENT CURRENT SPECIFIED UP TO
• 20V
• n STANDARDIZED SYMMETRICAL OUTPUT
• CHARACTERISTICS
• n 5V, 10V AND 15V PARAMETRIC RATINGS
• n INPUT LEAKAGE CURRENT
• II = 100nA (MAX) AT VDD = 18V TA = 25°C
• n 100% TESTED FOR QUIESCENT CURRENT
• n MEETS ALL REQUIREMENTS OF JEDEC
• JESD13B " STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
• FOR DESCRIPTION OF B SERIES CMOS
• DEVICES"

DESCRIPTION
 • HCF4027B is a monolithic integrated circuit
• fabricated in Metal Oxide Semiconductor
• technology available in DIP and SOP packages.
• HCF4027B is a single monolithic chip integrated
• circuit containing two identical
• complementary-symmetry J-K master-slave
• flip-flops. Each flip-flop has provisions for
• individual J, K, Set, Reset, and Clock input
• signals. Buffered Q and Q signals are provided as
• outputs. This input-output arrangement provides
• for compatible operation with the HCF4013B dual
• D type flip-flop.
• This device is useful in performing control,
• register, and toggle functions. Logic levels present
• at the J and K inputs, along with internal
• self-steering, control the state of each flip-flop;
• changes in the flip-flop state are synchronous with
• the positive-going transition of the clock pulse. Set
• and Reset functions are independent of the clock
• and are initiated when a high level signal is
• present at either the Set or Reset input.

DIODE:-

These diodes are used to convert AC into DC.These are used as half wave or full wave rectifier.

Features
• Diffused Junction
 • High Current Capability and Low Forward Voltage Drop
• Surge Overload Rating to 30A Peak
• Low Reverse Leakage Current

RELAY:-

Specifications
• HK RELAY
HIGH QUALITY, HIGH PERFORMANCE, LONGLIFE TIME, COMPETITIVE
PRICE

• HK RELAY

• OUTLINE DIMENSIONS:15.4*19.5*15.0MM
• MAX. SWITCHING CURRENT:7A, 10A
• MAX. SWITCHING VOLTAGE:28V DC/ 250V AC
• DIELECTRIC STRENGTH VR.M.S: BETWEEN OPEN CONTACTS ≥750VAC;
• BETWEEN COIL AND CONTACTS ≥1000VAC;
• BETWEEN CONTACTS FORM ≥1000VAC;
• AMBIENT TEMPERATURE: -40-+85oC;
• OPERATION/RELEASE TIME:≤10/8MS
• CONTACT CAPACITY: 10A 240VAC, 6.3A 28VDC
• 2000 SETS/CARTON
MICROCONTROLER:-

DESCRIPTION:-
• SC2272 is a remote control decoder paired with sc2262 and sc2260 utilizing CMOS
technology.It has 12 bits of tristate addressing pins providing maximum of 531,441
address codes; there by drastically reducing any code collision and unauthorised code
scanning possibilites.

APPLICATIONS:-
• Home or motor car security system

• Garrage door controll

• Remote controll fan

• Remote controll toys

LED:-

Light-emitting diode

Red, green and blue LEDs of the 5mm type

Type Passive, optoelectronic

Working principle Electroluminescence

Invented Nick Holonyak Jr. (1962)

Electronic symbol

• Pin • Anode and Cathode

 configuratio
n

• A light-emitting diode (LED) (pronounced /ˌɛl iː ˈdiː/[1]) is a semiconductor light

source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly
used for lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962,[2] early
LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across
the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.

• When a light-emitting diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able
to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form
of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of
the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and
integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern.[3] LEDs
present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower
energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, faster
switching, and greater durability and reliability. LEDs powerful enough for room
lighting are relatively expensive and require more precise current and heat
management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output.

• Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as replacements

for aviation lighting, automotive lighting (particularly brake lamps, turn signals
and indicators) as well as in traffic signals. The compact size, the possibility of
narrow bandwidth, switching speed, and extreme reliability of LEDs has allowed
new text and video displays and sensors to be developed, while their high
switching rates are also useful in advanced communications
technology. Infrared LEDs are also used in the remote control units of many
commercial products including televisions, DVD players, and other domestic

appliances.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

ANT. POWER
SUPPLY

RF RX LATCH D- RELAY RELAY

TYPE DRIVER ARRAY

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:-

POWER SUPPLY:-
This unit consist of rectifier, filter &
regulator. The rectifier unit is used to clip
& shift the input sine wave comming
after the step down transformer. The –ve half cycle is shifted to the upper side & filter
unite provides the continuous output by the phenomenon of charging & discharging the
cap. The regulator unit is used to give continuous regulated output as +5v for the power
supply.
RF Rx:-
The job of the RF receiver is to demodulate the incoming modulated signal from the
Antenna to recover the original bit stream as transmitted by the transmitter. The serial
data is further accumulated & decoded for the output in the module itself.

D-LATCH:-
D-Latch is nothing but delayed latch, initially is output is slow. Whenever its clock input
is triggered by the high going pulse, its output toggles between the previous started
value ie 1 to 0 and 0 to 1.The next output is latched till the next trigger is applied to the
clock input. This output is given to the relay driving unit.

RELAY DRIVER:-
The relay driver is build arround the ULN 2004IC.This IC is nothing but push pull driver
made up of darlington pair of transistors that can handle high voltage & high current
output load .This is ideally suited suited for introducing between low level logic circuit
multiple peripheral loads like relays.

Here this is used to pull the relay coil to ground whenever its input is given high logic
.This helps to energise the relays and the device will remain ON till the input of IC
ULN2004 is kept high.

WORKING:-
The transmitter
It’s probably not necessary to say it but there are two parts to this project,a transmitter
and a receiver. First of all, there is the tiny 4-channel“key-ring” transmitter which,
fortunately, comes 99% preassembled. We say fortunately because it’s just about all
SMD (surface mount devices)which, while not impossible for the hobbyist to work with,
requires some rather special handling. You are spared that! All you have to do with the
transmitter PC board is solder on the two battery connectors and place it in the case
(with battery).
The battery contacts are slightly different: the one with a spring is for the negative
battery connection – it goes on the right and side of the PC board with the only straight
side of the PC board at the bottom. You may find, as we did, that some of the holes for
the battery connectors are filled with solder. This is easily melted during installation.
Once this is done, it’s just a matter of assembling the board in its key ring case.
Incidentally, the key ring case and battery are all supplied in the kit .The transmitter
itself is in the licence-free 433MHz LIPD band (it’s actually on 433.9MHz). As with most
devices of this type these days, it is based on a SAW resonator (that stands for surface
acoustic wave, so now you know!). This keeps the circuit very simple but enables
excellent performance. Without wanting to get into the nitty-gritty of SAW resonator
operation, in essence it controls the RF side of things while a dedicated chip controls
the complex digital coding. The receiver (which we’ll get to shortly) can handle up to 16
transmitters so if you have a really big family or maybe have a secure company car
park you want to give a certain
number of people access to, you can do so simply by purchasing more transmitters.
The transmitter has four push buttons, one for each of the four channels. Of course you
don’t have to use all four channels – just one will control most garage door openers, for
example– but it’s nice to know there are four channels available. And before we move
off the transmitter, up to three channels can be pressed simultaneously and the receiver
will react to all three (it won’t handle four at once, though). Finally, as well as multiple
transmitters, you can use more than one receiver if you wish. Each receiver “learns” its
transmitter(s) so you can have a multiple system controlling, for example, the garage
door, the car doors, the car alarm, the home security system
in fact , anything your little heart desire.

The receiver/decoder
Now we move on to the heart of the system, at least the bits you have to put together to
make it work. In fact, there are two parts to the receiver as well. There is a 433MHz
receiver module which comes assembled, aligned and ready to go. This solders into an
appropriate set of holes on the main PC board once you’ve finished assembling that
board. The main PC board contains the electronics which process the output from the
receiver. The receiver checks the incoming code and if valid, sends a signal to one of
four outputs depending on which button was pressed on the transmitter). From here,
depending on how the four jumpers are set on the board, the signal goes either direct to
an NPN transistor relay driver (for momentary operation – the relay is energised while
the button remains pressed) or to a D-type flipflop and then to the transistor relay driver
(for alternate operation –press once and the relay latches, press again and the relay
releases).The flipflops change state (toggle) each time a positive going pulse appears
at the clock input. This is achieved by the connection from the Q-bar output to the D
input via an RC network. The circuit has a power-up reset. When power is first applied,
the Q outputs of the flipflops are reset low by the 0.1µF capacitor and 1MΩresistor on
the reset (S) inputs. Reset is caused by sending the reset inputs of all flipflops high.
Once the capacitor is charged, the voltage at the reset inputs of the flipflops falls to
virtually zero, allowing normal operation.It is perfectly acceptable to have a mixture of
momentary and latched modes amongst the four channels. It’s up to you.
But if you only require momentary action (for example, as needed by some door
openers/closers) the flipflops, along with their associated RC network components and
the four header pin jumper sets, could be left out of circuit. (You’d then need four links
on the PC board to directly connect the receiver outputs to their respective
transistors.)Along with spike suppression diodes across each relay coil, part of each
relay driver circuit also includes an acknowledge LED to give a visible output of what’s
happening. There is also a “valid signal acknowledge” LED attached to the433MHz
module, which lights when valid code is being received. Each of the four identical relays
has contacts rated at 28VDC & 12A, so can be used to control significant loads.

The wide track widths on the PC board also allow high currents. The relay contacts
could, of course, also be used to switch higher-rated relays or you could replace the
acknowledge LED with an opto-coupler. The relays themselves are single pole but have
normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC) contacts. These states refer to the
unenergised state of the relay (ie, the NC contacts go open when power is applied to
the relay coil and vice-versa).

Applications:-
• Garage door controllers
• Car door controllers
• Car alarm system
• Security system
• Home appliances
• Other remote controlled system

CONCLUSION:-
Reducing the number of remote controls in the living room is one of the challenges of
the 21st century.
With this we can not only easily reduce the number of remotes, we can also greatly
increase the functionality, robustness and ease-of-use of the remote controls that
remain.
An IR remote control requires line-of-sight to the receiver, making it difficult to operate
from an adjacent room or many locations within the same room.
An RF remote control does not need line-of-sight. That means you can hide your DVD
player behind solid cabinet doors, place the STB in the center of your house and stream
the video to several TVs from there, mute the music in your living room when you want
to answer the phone in the kitchen, and so much more.
In addition to being able to operate through doors and walls, RF remotes have a much
greater range than their IR counterparts: often 90 feet or more.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.electronicsforyou.com