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APPENDIX G
Chapter 1
Table 1-2 Ethernet Cabling Types
Cross-over
Field Description
Preamble (DIX)
Length (802.3)
Control (802.2)
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Organizationally Unique
Identifier (SNAP)
Type (SNAP)
Type of Ethernet/MAC
Address Description and Notes
Unicast
Broadcast
Multicast
Field Meaning
I/G
U/L
DSAP
SNAP
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Chapter 1 5
10BASE2
10BASE-T
IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.2
IEEE 802.3u
IEEE 802.3z
IEEE 802.3ab
Cut-through
Fragment-free
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Chapter 2
Table 2-2 Private VLAN Communications Between Ports
Server Client
Function Mode Mode Transparent Mode
Originates VTP advertisements
Option Meaning
domain
password
mode
version
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Chapter 2 7
Option Meaning
pruning
interface
Can Be Advertised
Normal or and Pruned by VTP
VLAN Number Extended? Versions 1 and 2? Comments
0
2–1001
1002–1005
1006–4094
Extended-range VLAN
configuration commands stored in
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Protocol defined by
Chapter 3 9
Chapter 3
Table 3-2 Three Major 802.1d STP Process Steps
100 Mbps
1 Gbps
10 Gbps
Listening
Learning
Forwarding
Disabled
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UplinkFast
BackboneFast
Off Off
Auto Passive
Desirable Active
Shared
Edge
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Chapter 3 11
Blocking
Listening
Learning
Forwarding
Designated Port
Alternate Port
Backup Port
MST
STP
LACP
Dot1Q trunking
PVST+
RPVST+
PagP
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Forward
Delay
Maxage
Chapter 4
Table 4-2 Classful Network Review
Chapter 4 13
Name Function
Static NAT
Dynamic NAT
Header Length
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Packet Length
Identification
Flags
Fragment Offset
Protocol
Header Checksum
Source IP Address
Destination IP Address
Chapter 5 15
Chapter 5
Table 5-2 Comparing RARP, BOOTP, and DHCP
Client can discover its own mask, gateway, DNS, and download
server
2c
Initial Response
Message Version Message Typically Sent By Main Purpose
Get
GetNext
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Initial Response
Message Version Message Typically Sent By Main Purpose
GetBulk
Response
Set
Trap
Inform
Name Standardized In
ARP
Proxy ARP
RARP
BOOTP
DHCP
HSRP
VRRP
GLBP
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Chapter 6 17
Name Standardized In
CDP
NTP
Syslog
SNMP Version 1
SNMP Version 2
SNMP Version 2c
SNMP Version 3
Chapter 6
Table 6-2 Matching Logic and Load-Balancing Options for Each Switching Path
Process switching
Fast switching
CEF
VLAN interface
PortChannel (switched)
interface
PortChannel (routed)
interface
Name Standardized In
Chapter 7
Table 7-2 EIGRP Feature Summary
Feature Description
Transport
Metric
Hello interval
Hold timer
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Chapter 7 19
Feature Description
Update destination
address
Authentication
VLSM/classless
Route Tags
Next-hop field
Manual route
summarization
Multiprotocol
EIGRP
Convergence
Function Description
Reported distance
(RD)
Feasible distance
(FD)
Feasibility condition
Successor route
Feasible successor
(FS)
Input event
Local computation
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summary
static
redistributed
receive-only
maximum-paths {1..6}
traffic-share balanced
traffic-share min
traffic-share min
across-interfaces
No traffic-share
command configured
Update
Ack
Query
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Chapter 8 21
Chapter 8
Table 8-2 OSPF Messages
Message Description
Hello
Link-State
Acknowledgement (LSAck)
2 Network
3 Net Summary
4 ASBR Summary
5 AS External
6 Group Membership
7 NSSA External
8 External Attributes
9–11 Opaque
Chapter 8 23
Table 8-8 Effect of the area authentication Command on OSPF Interface Authentication Settings
area authentication Command Interfaces in That Area Default to Use. . .
Type 0
Type 1
Type 2
LSRefresh
Hello
Dead
Wait
Retransmission
Inactivity
Poll Interval
Flood (Pacing)
Retransmission
(Pacing)
Lsa-group (Pacing)
Chapter 9 25
Chapter 9
Table 9-6 Administrative Distances
Connected
Static
EBGP
EIGRP (internal)
IGRP
OSPF
IS-IS
RIP
EIGRP (external)
iBGP
Unreachable
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Table 9-7 Default Metrics and Route Metric Types in IGP Route Redistribution
RIP
EIGRP
OSPF
IS-IS
* OSPF uses cost 20 when redistributing from an IGP, and cost 1 when redistributing from BGP.
Table 9-8 IGP Order of Precedence for Choosing Routes Before Considering the Metric
RIP
EIGRP
OSPF
* For E2 routes whose metric ties, OSPF also checks the cost to the advertising ASBR.
ASBR
ABR
Chapter 10 27
Chapter 10
Table 10-2 BGP Neighbor Summary Table
TCP port
How is the source IP address used to reach a Defined with the neighbor update-source
neighbor determined? command; or, by default, uses the outgoing
interface IP address for the route used to reach the
neighbor
How is the destination IP address used to reach Explicitly defined on the neighbor command
a neighbor determined?
*Cisco changed the IOS default for BGP auto-summary to be disabled as of Cisco IOS Software Release 12.3.
Connect
Active
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Open confirm
Established
Message Purpose
Open
Keepalive
Update
Notification
Feature Implication
No mask is configured
*NEXT_HOP is a BGP PA that denotes the next-hop IP address that should be used to reach the NLRI.
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Chapter 10 29
Component Subnets
Command Removed Routes It Can Summarize
auto-summary (with
redistribution)
aggregate-address
EGP e
Incomplete ?
Table 10-8 Summary of Rules Regarding Which Routes BGP Does Not Include in an Update
iBGP and/or eBGP Routes Not Taken from the BGP Table
Routes that are not considered “best”
iBGP-learned routes*
Routes whose AS_PATH includes the ASN of the eBGP peer to which
a BGP Update will be sent
eBGP
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Purpose Command
Define a router’s sub-AS
Nonclient
eBGP
NEXT_HOP
AGGREGATOR
ATOMIC_AGGREGATE
ORIGIN
Path Attribute
ORIGINATOR_ID
CLUSTER_LIST
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Chapter 11 31
Table 10-14 Summary: Methods to Introduce Entries into the BGP Table
Redistribution
Manual summarization
default-information
originate
neighbor default-originate
Chapter 11
Table 11-2 NLRI Filtering Tools
Commands
Referenced by
BGP Subcommand neighbor Command What Can Be Matched
neighbor distribute- access-list, ip
list (standard ACL) access-list
neighbor distribute- access-list, ip
list (extended ACL) access-list
neighbor prefix-list ip prefix-list
neighbor filter-list ip as-path access-
list
neighbor route-map route-map
Character
Delimiters Enclosing the
Component Description Between ASNs Segment
AS_SEQUENCE
AS_SET
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Character
Delimiters Enclosing the
Component Description Between ASNs Segment
AS_CONFED_SEQ1
AS_CONFED_SET1
Metacharacter Meaning
^
(string)
[string]
1 If preceded by a value in parentheses, the logic applies to the preceding string listed inside the parentheses, and not
just to the preceding character.
2 This character is an underscore.
^$
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Chapter 11 33
^123
^123.
^123+_
^123*
^123*_
^123?
^123_45$
^123_.*_45$
^123_.*45
(^123_45$)|(^123_
.*_45$)
^123_45$|^123_.*
_45$
^123(_[0..9]+)*_4
5
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[(]303.*[)]
Well-known discretionary
Optional transitive
Optional nontransitive
Table 11-9 Proprietary Features and BGP Path Attributes that Affect the BGP Decision Process
Weight1
LOCAL_PREF
AS_PATH length
ORIGIN
MULTI_EXIT_DI
SC (MED)
Neighbor Type1
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Chapter 11 35
Table 11-9 Proprietary Features and BGP Path Attributes that Affect the BGP Decision Process
BGP RID1
Feature Description
Is it a PA?
Purpose
Scope
Default
Range
Which is best?
Configuration
Feature Description
PA?
Purpose
Scope
Default
Range
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Feature Description
Which is best?
Configuration
Table 11-12 Features that Impact the Total Number of ASs in the AS_PATH Length Calculation
Feature Description
AS_SET
Confederations
aggregate-address
command
neighbor remove-
private-as command
AS_PATH prepending
Feature Description
Is it a PA?
Purpose
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Chapter 11 37
Feature Description
Scope
Default
Range
Which is best?
Configuration
NO_ADVERT FFFF:FF02
LOCAL_AS1 FFFF:FF03
1 LOCAL_AS is the Cisco term; RFC 1997 defines this value as NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED.
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Chapter 12
Table 12-2 IP Precedence Values and Names
Routine
Priority
Immediate
Flash
Flash Override
Critic/Critical
Internetwork Control
Network Control
Default/CS0*
CS1
CS2
CS3
CS4
CS5
CS6
CS7
*The terms “CS0” and “Default” both refer to a binary DSCP of 000000, but most Cisco IOS commands allow only the
keyword “default” to represent this value.
Table 12-4 Assured Forwarding DSCP Values: Names, Binary Values, and Decimal Values
Queue
Class Low Drop Probability Medium Drop Probability High Drop Probability
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Chapter 12 39
Table 12-4 Assured Forwarding DSCP Values: Names, Binary Values, and Decimal Values
Queue
Class Low Drop Probability Medium Drop Probability High Drop Probability
IP Precedence (IPP)
IP DSCP
DS field
ToS byte
CoS
MPLS Experimental
Command Function
set atm-clp
set fr-de
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Voice payload
Video payload
Voice/video signaling
Mission-critical data
Transactional data
Bulk data
Best effort
interface tunnel
interface virtual-template
crypto map
Chapter 13
Table 13-2 Key Comparison Points for Queuing Tools
Feature Definition
Classification
Drop policy
Scheduling
Chapter 13 41
Classification
Drop policy
Number of queues
Explicit bandwidth
Percent
Remaining percent
Supports RSVP
1 WFQ can be used in the class-default queue or in all CBWFQ queues in 7500 series routers.
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Chapter 14
Table 14-2 Shaping Terminology
Term Definition
Tc
Bc
CIR
Shaped rate
Be
Bc
Be
Tc
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Chapter 14 43
drop
set-dscp-transmit
set-prec-transmit
set-qos-transmit
set-clp-transmit
set-fr-de
transmit
Conform
Exceed
Conform
Exceed
Violate
Conform
Exceed
Violate
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Type of Policing
Configuration Telltale Signs in the police Command Defaults
Chapter 15
Table 15-2 HDLC and PPP Comparisons
Error detection?
Error recovery?
Function Description
Authentication
Uses LZ algorithm?
Chapter 15 45
Supported on HDLC?
Supported on PPP?
Cisco
ANSI
ITU
FECN
BECN
DE
Requires FRTS?
Chapter 16
Table 16-2 Some Well-Known Reserved Multicast Addresses
Address Usage
224.0.0.1
224.0.0.2
224.0.0.4
224.0.0.5
224.0.0.6
224.0.0.9
224.0.0.10
224.0.0.13
224.0.0.22
224.0.0.25
224.0.1.39
224.0.1.40
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255
224.0.1.0 to 224.0.1.255
232.0.0.0 to 232.255.255.255
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Chapter 16 47
233.0.0.0 to 233.255.255.255
239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
Query Interval
Query Response
Interval
Group
Membership
Interval
Other Querier
Present Interval
Last Member
Query Interval
Version 1 Router
Present Timeout
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Group
Destination Unicast Source
Type Address Address Meaning
Join
Leave
Join
Leave
Leave
Leave
Chapter 17
Table 17-2 Summary of PIM-DM Messages
Hello
Prune
State Refresh
Assert
Prune Override
(Join)
Graft/Graft-Ack
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Chapter 17 49
Static
Auto-RP
BSR
Anycast RP
SPT or RPT?
Uses RP?
Flag Description
D (dense)
S (sparse)
C (connected)
L (local)
P (pruned)
R (RP-bit set)
F (register flag)
T (SPT-bit set)
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Chapter 18 51
Flag Description
J (join SPT)
Chapter 18
Table 18-2 Comparing RADIUS and TACACS+ for Authentication
RADIUS TACACS+
Layer 4 Protocol
Standard or Cisco-Proprietary
1 Radius originally defined port 1645 as the well-known port, which was later changed to port 1812.
Method Meaning
group radius
group tacacs+
group name
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Method Meaning
enable
line1
local
local-case
none
Command Purpose
Command Purpose
Chapter 18 53
Command Purpose
Keyword Meaning
gt
lt
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eq
ne
range x-y
Chapter 19
Table 19-2 MPLS LSR Terminology Reference
Ingress E-LSR
Egress E-LSR
ATM-LSR
ATM E-LSR
Label
Experimental (EXP)
Bottom-of-Stack (S)
Time-to-Live (TTL)
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Chapter 19 55
Transport protocols
Port numbers
Unicast IP routing
Multicast IP routing
VPN
Traffic engineering
MPLS QoS
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Chapter 20
Table 20-2 IPv6 Address Types
Aggregatable global
unicast
Multicast
Anycast
Link-local unicast
Solicited-node multicast
All hosts
All Routers
OSPFv3 routers
EIGRP routers
PIM routers
ICMP
Message Information Sought Type,
Type or Sent Source Address Destination Address Code
Router 134, 0
Advertisement
(RA)
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Chapter 20 57
ICMP
Message Information Sought Type,
Type or Sent Source Address Destination Address Code
Router 133, 0
Solicitation
(RS)
Neighbor 135, 0
Solicitation
(NS)
Neighbor 136, 0
Advertise-
ment (NA)
Redirect 137, 0
LSA Flooding
Type Common Name Description Scope
3
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LSA Flooding
Type Common Name Description Scope
Automatic 6to4
Manually configured
ISATAP
Automatic IPv4-
compatible
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Chapter 20 59
Manual
Automatic 6to4
ISATAP
Automatic IPv4-compatible