L10 - NEW TECHNOLOGY : SUBSEA PROCESSING & BOOSTING

• SUBSEA MULTIPHASE PUMPING

• PARTIAL SUBSEA SEPARATION / PRESSURE BOOSTING SYSTEMS

• FULL SUBSEA SEPARATION

• SUBSEA GAS BOOSTING

• TEST AND OPERATIONAL RESULTS

• OTHER SEABED PROCESSES

• RECENT HEADLINE FIELD UTILISING NEW TECHNOLOGIES

Subsea Boosting, Why?
• Enhanced and faster production
- Wellhead pressure draw-down
- Compressor discharge pressure overcomes
back-pressure and frictional losses
• Reduced OPEX
• Reduced CAPEX
• De-bottle-necking oil production
• Development and production of
low pressure reservoirs
WHERE TO CARRY OUT SUBSEA BOOSTING OR PROCESSING?

PLATFORM HOST PLATFORM HOST

FPSO

MULTIPHASE PUMP

RISER BASE SYSTEM

SUBSEA
SEPARATOR PUMP OR GAS LIFT

3 4

GAS LIFT IN WELLS

2 2

1 1
EXISTING EXPORT
PIPELINE
DOWNHOLE PUMP
y In dummy well

y At mud line
 Well fluid

SMUBS - Subsea Multiphase Booster Station for Draugen field, Drive fluid

AS Norske Shell
Multi-Booster;
A twin-screw Pumping Principle

Positive displacement by use of twin-screw or moyno pumps

∆p = f(1/∆V)
Subsea MultiBooster -
Data below: for the as built Demo 2000
Possible duties:

• Multiphase boosting

• Wet gas compressor

Design Data DEMO 2000:

• Flow: 940 m3/h

• Diff. press: 40 bar

• Duty: Wet gas compression

Main Technical Features:

• Design press.: 250 barg

• Water depth: up to 1500m

Subsea Booster Projects

• Shell, Draugen
(1 × 750 kW Water Turbine)
• Shell / Statoil, ELSMUBS
(1 × Electric Motor 1 MW)
• Statoil, Lufeng
(5 × Electric Motor 400kW)
• BP, ETAP
(2 × 900 kW Water Turbine)
• Mobil, Topacio
(2 × 860 kW Electric Motor)
• Norsk Hydro, Troll C Pilot
(1+1 × 1.600 kW Electric Motor)
BP ETAPS FIELD
 History of Subsea Processing

Category Projects Operators Year Technology Tie- Water

back depth
Gas / Liquid Zakum ADMA (Total 1970 Subsea separation w diver assist. 4 km 22 m
separation Partner)
Highlander Texaco 1985 Subsea separation & pumping 0 km 128 m
Argyll Hamilton Brothers 1988 Subsea separation BOET 0 km 120 m
VASPS Petrobras 2001 Separator & pumping in dummy 1 km 395 m
(Marimba) well
HC / Water Troll C Norsk Hydro (w 2000 Gravity separator & WI pump 3 km 340 m
separation Total)
Mudline Draugen Shell 1994 1 MPP (turbine) Framo 6 km 270 m
pumps Lufeng Statoil 1997 5 booster pumps Framo 0 km 330 m
Machar BP 1999 2 MPP (turbine) Framo Never installed on site
Topaccio Exxon Mobil 1999 2 MPP Framo 8 km 500 m
Ceiba Hamerada Hess 2002 2 MPP Framo 7 km 750 m
Downhole Lihua Amoco 1996 25 pumps 0 km 300 m
pumps Otter Total 2002 5 pumps 21 km 184 m
KBS - Kvaerner Booster Station
Centrifugal Compressor Prototype

Technical:
1200 hrs tests (submerged)
• Nuovo Pignone centrifugal
compressor
• 8 stage
• 850 kW
• 16 000 rpm
• Maag epicyclic gear
• Loher motor of
• 6.6 kV
• 1800 rpm
Testing included operation
as wet gas compressor BOET SUBSEA SEPARATOR -
INSTALLED ON ARGYLL FIELD
AT ITS END OF LIFE
 Electric Power Supply
Oil Out VASP UNIT (Vertical Annular Subsea Separation)
Gas Scrubber
Gas Out LIQUIDS OUT
Wellhead
Fluids In

Inlet
Hdyrocyclone

Separator
Joints GAS OUT
Pump
Motor

TANGENTIAL
Liquid
INLET
Sump

Sand
Cyclone

UPPER SECTION OF UNIT

Sump
 • THE FLUID FROM THE WELLS IS SEPARATED
Vertical Annular Subsea Separation INTO A GAS AND LIQUID PHASES
( VASPS ) • THE SEPARATED GAS NATURALLY FLOWS IN A
DEDICATED LINE TO THE SURFACE FACILITIES
UNDER ITS OWN PRESSURE
• THE LIQUID IS PUMPED OUT OF THE VASPS INTO
A DEDICATED LINE BY AN ESP

TEST RESULTS FROM MARIMBA FIELD, BRAZIL

Scf/
Bbl/day 1000’s Oil Gas Lift day
Produced Gas Gas
50 10 million
45 9 million
40 8 million
35 7 million
30 6 million
25 5 million
20 4 million
15 3 million
10 2 million
5 1 million
Note pre VASPS oil production of 35,000 0 0

bbls / day with gas Lift. After VASPS 44,000 Pre VASPS With VASPS
bbl / day with no need for gas lift
TROLL PILOT - UPDATE

•
th
Operational 17 May 2000

• Typical Performance - 23,900 bopd Multiphase Flow Separated into :-

- 16,350 bopd Oil

- 7,550 bopd Water

• After June Water Injected using Injection Pump

• Quality of Separation Within Prescribed Limits

- About 144 ppm Oil in Water (design Max 1000 ppm)

• During Operation some 80% of the Water in the Oil Stream is Removed

• Late in 2000 the Equipment experienced some Mechanical Problems, this was not
to do with the Fundamentals of the Process.

• Key Technology Areas

- Separator with Novel Inlet Device (semi-Cyclone) which reduces Momentum in the
Wellstream gradually such that it Prevents the Formation of small Droplets which
would Reduce the Efficiency of the Separation Process.
- Control of the Oil / Water Interface. Monitoring based on Nucleonics and Electric
Sensors Control the Speed of the Injection Pump.

UPRDATE - PHASE 2

• The connector problem took 10 months to fix.

• In August 2001 the system was restarted and has works without problems since
then.
• It is typically operating at up to 70,000 bopd input fluids, the separated water (60 to
80%) has an oil level of some 100 ppm.
 Typical concept : Gravity Separation
Well fluid 12” header

To pipeline

TT
PT
LT
PT PT

Multiphase
3-phase booster pump
separator

PT
FT PT

To water
injection
Produced water wells
injection pumps

Reference : Troll pilot

outlet water cut less than 10%
oil in water less than 700 ppm
SUBSEA POWER
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
KING FIELD – GoM
- DEEPWATER OIL BOOSTER PUMP
King is now one of three fields producing from the Marlin
TLP and represents more than half of Marlin TLP production.
TORDIS FIELD SUBSEA
SEPARATION BOOSTING
& INJECTION
Layout of the Tordis improved oil recovery project
 The Tordis discoveries
have all been developed
with subsea installations
tied back to the Gullfaks C
platform.

The subsea separation station is

equipped with two multiphase flow
meters.
PAZFLOR DEVELOPMENT - Block 17, Angola
FIELDS - HORTENSIA, PERPETUA, ZINIA & ACACIA
WATER DEPTH - 650 – 1300m

9 200
000

BLOCK 16

40
60
10
12

0
00
00

80
PERPETUA
0
BLOCK 3
140

BLOCK 4
KIAME
0

VIOLETA
9 180 000

LIRIO
LIR1 VLT1 ANT1
160
BLOCK 32

CRA1
TULIPA HORTENSIA
0

ORQ1

CRA ANTURIO
HOR1
ZNA1

ORQUIDEA PERPETUA PRP1

VO
ROSA2 TUL1
MAG1
ZINIA
HOR1 ZNA1
ROS2 PRP1
ROS3 9 160 000
ROS1
JCT1 JASMIMGIRB DALIA
JAS2
ROSA1 GIR2 LOWER
DAL3
UP-MIOC
18

JAS1
UP-MIOC
00

DAL2
ACA1
GIR1
DAL4
DAL1 CML1
DAL5
DALIA
CAMELIA ACA1
UPPER CRM1
BLOCK 17
GAL1

BLOCK 33 BLOCK 18 PLT1 PLD1 ACACIA 9 140 000

120 000 140 000 160 000 180 000

200 000 220 000

20 km
 Reservoir Burial Thickness Temp. Pressure
data (m) (m) ( ) (bara)
Upper Miocene
1100 10 ? 30 64 200
(UM1,UM2,UM3)
O9 & O9w
2000 40 ? 60 110 350
(Acacia)

Upper Miocene (Perpetua-1 : UM2)

20°API, d=0,93,TAN=1.96 mg KOH/g NOTE – TWO
GOR # 50 Sm3/Sm3 TYPES OF OIL
High viscosity (up to µ=500 cp at 20°C)
Risks of calcium naphtenate, emulsions, foaming
Risk of hydrate (no risk of paraffin)
Water injection

Oligocene (Acacia-1 : O9)

37°API, d=0,84, TAN=0.2 mg KOH/g.
GOR # 250 Sm3/Sm3
Viscosity µ=20 cp
Risk of sulphate of barium ==> desulphatation if Water Injection
Risk of hydrate and paraffin
Water & Gas injection
UM Area - Overall field development – Production Network

MIOCENE Î Í OLIGOCENE
Subsea Gas/Liquid Separation « Conventional » Development
Single production line Dual line production loop
XT XT XT XT

P 10

XT XT XT

XT XT
XT XT XT XT

P 20 P 40

XT XT
XT XT XT XT

XT XT XT XT

P 30

XT XT
PAZFLOR DEVELOPMENT

There will be three subsea separation systems provided by

FMC following the company's success on Tordis.