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PAGE 2 : DEFINITIONS
A. V-SHAPED STRUCTURE
B. PARTICIPANTS OF BI-RTGS
F. NO MONEY NO GAME
G. CAPPING
K. BYLAWS
L. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECURITY AND DISASTER
BRANCH OFFICES
DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
INTRODUCTION
Central Bank has mandated that each EU member must implement a RTGS
system, which can assimilate with the EU’s TARGET RTGS system to help
Similar steps have also been taken in the Asia/Pacific region such as
transactions in Indonesia.
central banks regarding how to manage the various risks in the Large/High
the system can avoid float (a condition where the payer account has been
debited, however, the recipient account has not yet been credited), which
managing their liquidity also buttresses effective banking policy. Thirdly, the
RTGS system can be integrated with other settlement systems such as the
depends on sufficient funds of the sender participant because under the BI-
RTGS system members are only permitted to credit other members. In other
members.
OBJECTIVES OF BI-RTGS
in the interest of the bank or its customers, were processed through clearing.
liabilities with the rights of the recipients. As a result, at the end of the day
there is just one net right or liability to be settled for each member account.
Under the netting system there was always a risk that at the end of
day one or several banks would experience a large clearing deficit. This was
possible because all interbank transactions, both retail value and large
value, are calculated through the clearing system. If the clearing deficit value
In general there are two types of risk in the payment system; credit
risk and liquidity risk. Credit risk occurs when a counterparty cannot fulfill
their obligation to make full payment, either on the due date or in the future.
payment on the due date, however, can (maybe) at a later date. This can
create liquidity problems for the recipient counterparty and, in turn, increase
the cost of funds as said counterparty is forced to seek funds on the money
market.
that could occur in Indonesia’s payment system. Systemic risk is the risk of
failure by one participant in fulfilling its liabilities that can, in turn, cause other
meet their respective liabilities. Such a failure, in the most extreme condition,
transfers in real-time during the specified window and due to the fact that
new payment transactions are only calculated if the payer account held at
even eliminate risks in the settlement process. Under the BI-RTGS system,
processing to the recipient account is instant with the funds received ready
for immediate use, including to pay for business activities. Using such a
economic transactions through DVP, for instance the trade of stocks and
through BI-RTGS (payment leg) can be coordinated with final the transfer of
assets (delivery leg), thus simultaneous settlement can occur between the
handover of assets and the respective payment. This will minimize risk in the
securities market.
allows sufficient time for banks to settle any liquidity shortfall by borrowing
funds from other bank or await incoming transfers from other members.
Asia/Pacific Central Bankers). The other seven are Thailand, Hong Kong,
participants of the BI-RTGS system. In the next stage, the BI-RTGS system
office. The account balances of banks held at BI branch offices were moved
account policy).
Currently, the BI-RTGS system is implemented throughout Indonesia
A. V-SHAPED STRUCTURE
SENDER RECIPIENT
1. SETTLEMENT
V-shaped
B. PARTICIPANTS OF BI-RTGS
namely direct members and indirect members. Direct members can perform
Indirect members are obliged to become direct members within one year
RTGS Terminal
Suspended
a. Can receive incoming transfers a. Negative account balance at cut-
RTGS Terminal
b. Written request from an
c. Cannot send outgoing transfers
authorized institution or party for
supervision of the participant
Elu
participants is as follows:
The operational time frame for fund transfers among members in the
interest of their customers is currently set between 06.30 and 16.30 (West
per transaction.
b. For transactions sent after 15:00 to the cut-off time the fee is
per transaction.
b. For transactions sent after 15:00 until the cut-off time, the fee
Administrative Message.
F. NO MONEY NO GAME
The BI-RTGS system only allows its participants to credit the accounts
banks are wiser and more disciplined in terms of managing their liquidity.
G. CAPPING
the clearing process, Bank Indonesia has set a maximum cap on credit
the clearing cap was set at Rp1 billion but on 1 st October 2002 it was
following procedure:
Out (FIFO).
BI/Government.
FACILITY
mechanism, which currently applies net settlement. Under the net settlement
system, banks are not required to maintain relatively high liquidity on a daily
basis, whereas under the RTGS system, participants are obliged to maintain
high liquidity all day. Such a precondition precipitated the need for an
the day.
certain period of time, for instance in the morning, when the balance of
leads to a queue. This does not imply that the respective participant is
does not exceed the value of the Intraday Liquidity Facility (provided
when necessary).
Facility used.
5. The Intraday Liquidity Facility can only be utilized from 06:30 to 17:00
7. In the case where the account balance is insufficient to settle the Short-
Term Funding Facility before 17:00 (West Indonesia Time) and the
in other words DVP for SBI and SUN settlements, Bank Indonesia
merges the transaction system of Bank Indonesia that covers the application
of Open Market Operations with the Bank Indonesia fund facility for banks
into one integrated, online system for Bank Indonesia and market players. In
addition, BI-SSSS also covers the information system for Members and the
administration system.
BI-SSSS was implemented on 16th February 2004 to replace the BER
system and then on 17th March 2004 the BI-SSSS system was officially
K. BYLAWS
members. Bylaws are valid for all payment activities conducted by each
incorrect transfers.
interest rate.
by the BI-RTGS Arbitration Committee are final and legally binding for all
BI-RTGS members.
L. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECURITY AND DISASTER
require additional efforts to ensure that all aspects of the BI-RTGS system
are secure. Various security layers are applied to the system; thus, the BI-
backup systems in separate locations from the main system that can be
activated promptly if the main system fails. Consequently, payment system
RTGS participants are required to test their backup systems and DRP to
integration of BI-RTGS at head office and the branch offices allowed for the
follows:
minimized; and
benefits:
Reserve Requirement;
2. To assist Bank Indonesia monitor liquidity because member accounts
Year Activity
1995- Blueprint of the National Payment System (NPS) and establishment of the
to RTGS implementation
2000 Establish the Internal Committee of RTGS for all RTGS member banks in
Jakarta
Associations
system
Simulation Test for 2 months to ensure all systems run effectively and
efficiently
Manado on 3/8/01
Balikpapan on 24/8/01
28/9/01
2/10/01
on 26/10/01
Year Activity
Pekanbaru on 23/11/01
Makasar on 25/2/02
Palangkaraya on 22/3/02
Ambon on 26/4/02
on 24/5/02
on 21/6/02
Mataram on 26/7/02
Bengkulu on 23/8/02
28/2/03
Tasikmalaya on 28/3/03
Cirebon on 25/4/03
on 29/5/03
27/6/03
16/10/03