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GOLD BEARING QUARTZ VEINS IN THE KLAMATH
GEOLOGY MOUNTAINS 35
MINING CALIFORNIA CALCITE CRYSTALS FOR THE OPTICAL
A PU8UCATJON OF THE RING SIGHT 45
DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION LITERARY PROSPECTS 50
DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY TEACHER FEATURE 55
sus. 01 c.won.. PETe WILSON DMG OPEN-FILE REPORT RELEASES 56
Go~ PUBLICATIONS REQUEST FORM 57
n. R.sourcaI Agwq DOUGLAS P WHEELER
CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY SUBSCRIPTION AND
Secre£iJt)l kx Resources CHANGE OF ADDRESS FORM 58
PRELIMINARY REVIEW MAPS OF PROPOSED SPECIAL
~ 01 c.c.r-- EOW,l,RO G HEIOK>
STUDIES ZONES OF JANUARY 1.1993 59
""Od~
JAMES F DAVIS
Stale Geofo9rst
CALIFORNIA GEOlOGY
NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE CONFERENCE IN MEMPHIS
May 3-5. 1993
Technoc:aI EOolors Elise Maruson
Copy Edllor
Gtaphlcs and Design
"""" "'"""
lena Tabolio
PeglJY Walker
RedJcing eanhquake hazards in the central and eastern United Slates is
the theme for this conference. The focus will be on me last decade·s effons to
""--
PubloealJOn$ SupeMSOl' ..18" lambert transfer seismologkal assessment and earthquake engineering information
from Califomia to the rest of the nation to encourage everyone---home
101 K SlIeel. 12lh FJoot MS 12-)0 0INI"leTS. teachers. building inspectors. poIiticians-to recognize seismic
S8cr_. CA 958143531 hazards and prepare for a mapr eanhquake.
(9151«5·1ll25
PubIiaDor'I& _ Io'IIOrmUOn 0It>0I Five topics will be addressed:
10\ K StrM\. 141!'l Floot US 14-33
SacratMl'lO. CA 95111.-3532
• hazard assessment
(1115) ..... S.S716 • damage mitigation
SouIIwm CaOtDf1ll& RIogIoMl on.:e • preparedness. awareness, and public education
101 Soult> Broaclway Roon 1065 • emergency response and recovery
los MgeleI, CA 90012·.uQ2
(213) 620-3S60
• socioeconomic and public policy impacts.
Bay Aru Regoonal 0Il.e.
Papers will be presented and workshops conducted throughout this cross-
1,.5 MlI,."e1 51'''1, 3<d Floot disciplinary conference.
San F,anc::i$.c:O, CA 901103·1513
(.'5)5511SOO Some sponsors: Central United Stales Earthquake Consonium. Federal
CA.lJFORNIA GEOLOGV (ISSN 0026 45551 II pobIosned i)i. Emergency Management Agency. National Institute for Standards & Technol-
~ tlV the OePfI"mt<'I1 o! ConservaTIOn. OMSIOfl ot 101,.... ogy. National Science Foundation. U.S. Geological Survey. and the Tennes·
and Geology n. Records Qtlooe 1$ at 1059 Vine Street, Sulle
see Valley Authority.
1OJ, sao........ to C'" 9S8'4 S«ond dlIss JIOS1aQII ill paool 8'
sacramento, CA POS\mflSl.. Send ..:!d,ess ctIlInges loCAlI·
FQflNlAGeOLOGV (USPS3S0840), 80.2980. Sacr........ ro For more information. contact: ROD Consultants. 1206 Crestmoor
CA 9S812·298(J Drive, Boulder. CO 80303. (303) 494-6131
_..
Repons
_
ClltlOIn'WIQ DMsoon of
artlOIloI _ _ ~ _
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Photo 1. Ribbon texture in quartz vein, Summit Mine, FrOrlCh Guk:h·Deadwood Mining District The ribbons consist of bands of
quartz separated by thin dark seams 01 chloritized, ptylllZed wall rock (black shale or argimtej. The banding IS believed 10 repre-
sent successive openings and movement along the fissures that contain the veins. Altha Summit Mme, the veins cut argillite and
graywacke 01 the Bragdon Formation. Gold contents 01 veins from this mine collected during our study were as high as 75 ppm
(parts per million) (2.2 ounces per Ion). and arsenic conlents were as high as 10,000 ppm (1 percent). Very high arsenIC eonlemls
typICal of veins hosted in argillite and graywacke in the quartz-veIn districts of the Klamath Mountains_ Phofo by M.L S!lberman.
INTRODUCTION
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Volcanic Rocks 01
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PROVINCES
LEGEND
Terranes made
ITI05Ify 01:
• PllItons thalml1Uded alter
ac:c:rebon 01 terranes
Approximate boundary 01 gold
mining distrICt
•
D
Oceanic rocks
Physiographic ptOVlIlce
+ Lode gokl depos~ with greater
than 5,000 ounces production
Figure 1. Generalized geology of the Redding 10 II 2" quadrangle showlTlg pre- and post·accretlon plUlons. lode gold mining diSlricts. major
copper-zinc districts, and gold·quartz vein mines With greater than 5.000·ounce productIOn. Lode mine locations Irom Hotz (1971). Terranes:
EKT. Easlem Klamath: n.
Trimty: CMT. Central Metamorphic: NFT. Northfork: HT. Hayfork: RCT. Ranlesnake Creek: WJT. Western
JurassIc. Modified from Fraricelll and orhers (ISB7).
""L ~ ~ --'
Figure 2. Map of the Klamath MountainS in the Redding 1 x 2 quadrangle prOVlllce showing outlines 01 major plutons and trends of
plutonic belts. Modified from Irwin (1985).
Klamath Terrane (Hgure l}. the part of subsurlace boundaries extending \.Veil Batholith and the belt of plutons in which
the Klamath Mountains to which the beyond the outcrops (Griscom and others. il is found are post-joining (In.dn. 1985:
other terranes were joined. formed dur- in press). rtgure 2).
ing a period of volcanic-arc activity that
extended from Devonian through Jurassic Granitic and mafic plutons and associ- The regional metamorphic grade of
time {Irwin. 1981). This Eastern Klamath ated hypabyssal rocks of Devonian the volcanic and sedimentary rocks of
Terrane was built on Ordovician oceanic through Cretaceous age intrude the rocks the tem'lnes ranges from unmetamor-
crust and upper mantle. IlOVJ represented of the terranes. Many of these plutons are phased. through lov..>-grade (greenschist
by the Trinity Terrane, The Central Meta- in belts that generally follow the trends 01 facies). to moderate-gracle metamor-
morphic Terrane developed along the the joined terranes (Irwin. 1985: Agure phism (amphibolite facies). Metamor·
western edge of the Eastern Klamath 2). Some intrusive bodies were emplaced phosed rocks of variable grade are in
Terrane during Devonian subduction \.Vithin the host terrane before another every terrane (Davis. 1966). Contact
beneath the Trinity Terrane. Subse- terrane was attached. Most of these are metamorphism has affected rocks ad}il'
quently. during Middle 10 Late Jurassic parts of ophiolites or are comagmatic cent to plutons. particularly post-joining
time. the Northfork. Hayfork. Rattlesnake with volcanic rock sequences that formed intrusions. as exemplified by the banded
Creek. and Western Jurassic terranes in the same island arc. An example of gneiss zones along the contacts of the
were pined to the combined Eastern the latter is the Micklle Jurassic Ironside Shasta Bally Batholith and the country
Klamath and Central Metamorphic ter· Mountain Batholith belt in the Hayfork rock (Albers. 1964).
ranes by successive subduction events Terrane. which is comagmalic with a
(Irwin. 1981. 1985). regionally extensive meta·andesite unit Superjacent rocks include Creta-
that underlies much of the terrane (Irwin. ceous and Tertiary sedimentary and volca-
Defonnation dUring accretion led to 1985; rlgure 2). nic rocks. Most 01 these are in the Great
dismemberment. remobilization. and em- Valley province (F"Lgure I).
placement of ultramafic rock (With alter- Some plutons and plutonic belts
ation to serpentinite) along many terrane clearly intruded after terranes joined; Most of the terranes of the Klamath
boundaries. The ultramafic rocks are either lhey are significantly younger than Mountains province have similar litholo-
ophiolites formed from the deeper parts the rocks lhat surround them. as deter· gies. although the prO]'Xlrtions of the
of the oceanic and island arc terranes. mined by isotopic daling. or they cut rock types differ. A lew. such as the
Because serpentinite bodies are strongly across terrane boundaries (Irwin. 1985). Ralliesnake Creek (mostly dismembered
magnetic. aeromagnetic maps delineate The Early Cretaceous Shasta Bally ophiolite) and Central Metamorphic
RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
One 01 the most important methods used in regional
mineral resource assessment is the chemical analysis of
stream sediments. High concentrations of minerals or ele-
ments in stream sediments can indicate a deposit of those
minerals in the drainage basin. From our studies 01 the kxIe-
gold deJX>sl15 and analyses of associated stream sediments.
VJe were able to identify groups of minerals and elements
thai indicated go1cl deposits.
We would like to dedicate this paper Miles l. Silberman is a geologist with the Branch of Geochemistry of
to three men whose work in the Klamath the U.S. GeologiCal Survey. He has 25 years ellpenence In research and
Mountains served as the foundation lor ellploralion of base and precious metal deposits in the western United States,
most. if not all. recent studies. The late Alaska, Mellico. Australia, China. and Israel. In 1982 and 1983, between tours
John Albers initiated the geochemical at the USGS, Dr. Silberman deSigned and ran exploration programs for pre-
study of the origin of the gold deposits in cious metal deposits in the Great BaSin for the Anaconda Minerals Company.
the Klamath Mountains as part of the Recenlly, he and Joanne Danielson compiled a field gUide to the minerai
Redding CU$MAP project of the USGS. depoSits of the eastern Klamath Mountams for the 15th International Meellng
John's earlier work. along with that of oftha Association of Ellploration Geochemists.
W. Porter Irwin on the geology and tec- Joanne Danielson's geological experience Indudes lielcl work In the
tonics. and Preston Hotz on the gold AntarctiC and geochemical studies of the moon, Mars. meteorites. kimberlite
deposits. turned the mystery of the origin nodules. and metallferous mineral depoSits.
of the Klamath Mountains into a dynamic.
She teaches geology. earth science, and chemistry at Shasta college
evolving mOOeI. It is \.\lith this mOOeI and
in Redding. California. Her current endeavors Inetude developing an
their inspiration tnat we continue to work
Associate Science degree, operating a goat dairy. raising pack mules and
on lhe original mission.
donkeys, and researching the mineral deposits of northern California as a
USGS volunteer
GLOSSARY
Acctetion (accteted) - The addillon of tams commonlV assoaated With gold·beanng Superjacent sequence or tock - A
conflnenfal land mass to another confln&nt vems are hVpabvssal inlfUSlOns vounger sequence of rocks situated imme-
by colliSIOn. Island atc (volcanIc arc) - A genelally dlalelV upon or over a lower. older se-
curved belt of volcanoes above a sutJduclion quence. as 00 an unconlormlty. In the
ComagmaUc -Igneous rocks thaI have a
Klamafh MountaJns. sUper}acent relers
common set 01 chemICal and mineralogICal zone. and the volcaniC and plutonIC rocks that
form there. The volcanIC rocks are accompa· 10 locks deposited alter the accretion
'eatures and are denved Irom a common
processes were complete.
parent magma An eKampie Irom Redding nled by sedimentary rocks larmed bV erosion
is the Mule MOUntaln Stock and Balaklala 01 the volcanIC rocks Terrane - A body of rock 01 regIonal
Rhvohte wtuch occur In the same lerran& Melange - A bodV 01 rock ctIaract9flzed by edenl characterized bV a geologIC hisfory
and are beheved to be the same age tack 01 mtema! contmUity 01 contacls or strata diller-ent Irom that of adlacent terranes
NormallV, faults form lhe boundary
Facies - tn metafflOfphlSrTl, a group ot and bV dlsorl9flted blocks 01 alt Slzes (exotIC
and native) embedded In a matriK 01 liner between adjoining terranes.
minerals lormed under certain pressure-
temperalure conditions thaI can be used grained mateflal. Thrustlault - A lault With a dip 01
as an indtealor 01 these conditIOns: Mesothermal- A hydrothermal rmneral
45 degrees or less over much 01 ItS eKlen!.
on which the upper plate appears to have
• AmphIbolite faaes- A sUite 01 meta- dePOSit found at considerable depfh (probably
morphic mln&rals typical of moderate to grealer than 1 or 2 miles [2 or 3 kmJ) and '" moved upward and over the lower plate
hlQh pressure (greater than 43,500 the temperature range of400 G 10 800 F (200 Transcurrent laull- a steeplv Inclined,
pounds per square Inch. or 3.000 bars) to 400 C). The term is commonlv used for the large-scale. strike-slip lault.
and tempetatures between 850 and types 01 gold·quartz verns of the Mother lode Ultramafic rock - An igneous rock made
1.300 F (450 and 700 C). and lhe Klamalh MountainS. mostlV 01 the magnesium-iron SilICate
• GreenschIst faoes- A sUite 01 mela- Ophiolite - A sequence 01 rocks character· mInerals oliVine and pvroxene EKamples
morphlC mmerals typical 0'
low to mod-
elate pressure and lemperatures 600
lZed by ultramafic and malic rocks, IrequenOv
8SSOCIafed With deep sea sediments. These
are dunOite (contains mostly olIVIne).
pyrOKenite (contains mostly PVfOKeoe),
to 900 F (300' 105OO"C). are segments 01 fhe ocean lloor. Includmg and serpentiOlle (largely made of the ser-
oceanIC crust and upper mantle rocks, uphfted pentine group of minerals). These hvdrous
Greenstone - Any compact. dark green magnesium-iron minerals are formed by
onto a continent dUfing teHan& col~slotl
altered or melamorphosed mafic IQneous lhe alleratlotl of original. non-hvdrous
rock. The color IS from chlorite. actinolite, PhysIographic province - A legloo whose ultramafic rocks such as dunmle and
or epI<tote. pallern of land forms IS signlficanliV dillerent pvroKeOlle.
Irom that 01 adjacent reglotIS (e.g. Great
Hypabyssal- An igneous lnlfUSlon
Valley and Klamath Mountams).
between p1utontC. which is deep. and
surface volcanIC rocks Dikes. $IUs. and SubdUcllon - The process bV which one Modififld from ~ry 01 Geology. 3td Edition.
trregular InlfUSIOl'\S of the Klamath Moun- lithosphenc plate slides beneath another at a t987. b,r &ll/$ and Jl'CkJon
convergenf contlnenfal margin.
INTRODUCTION
later named the Palm Wash field or "Hilton Deposil. Berman was
particularly interested in Hilton's crystals because their growth habit
(basal plates) was advantageous lar processing crystals into wafers
Photo 3). Because the optical axes of the flat crystal and wafer were
the same. the shape of the crystals greatly simplified their orienting
and slabbing.
The Palm Wash calcite field is near the southern end of the
Santa Rosa Mountains in the northeastern comer of San Diego
County. It is about 12 miles (19 km) west of the Salton Sea.
1-1/2 miles (2.4 Ion) north of County Route S22, and inside the
eastern boundary of Anza-Borrego Desert State Park (see map).
The 24th annual Underwater Mining Institute (UMll meeting will be held on November 7-9.
1993 in Estes Park. Colorado. PresentatK>ns for tbis year's meeting are being sought for two
sessions. The first will focus on how studies of marine massive sulfide deposits can benefit the
exploration and development of land-based sulfide mines.
For the second session. the organizers are seeking papers concerning the exploration and
development of marine minerals worldVJide.
For more infollllatlon on attending UMI and/or presenting a paper, contact,
Karynne Chong Morgan
UMI Conference Coordinator
811 Olomeh3n1 Street
Honolulu, Ht96813-5513
'D' (808) 522-5611
FAX (808) 522-5618
--- _.
,
---
minerals,
,_.....""""-..
fel LTp< Iwfi rrr.·
---
This pelrology book Is designed for aU
levels, but assune:s familiarity With the w/wTr It MooI.("-
NU"'i:"p fir
polarizing microscope and an abibty to k"U",.'{fJI
identify minerals in thin section Part One rC.1Ifl"1l1ll aq.rt
deals With igneous and metamorphic rock ......,/ ufT.. ",.,-t.· --
classification and leTminology, It folows loonl.
.......
an inlemationaDy accepted hierarchy of
,-
(:-~ ~
The follOl.ving maps may be ordered The Aeromagnetic Map of the San 29th FORUM
on the Publications Request Fonn on Francisco-San Jose Quadrangle is avail· ON THE GEOLOGY OF
page 57. able for $8.00. INDUSTRIAL MINERALS
Sponsored by
---~------------------------I The California Department
CAUFORNIA GEOLOGY I 01 Conservation
Subscription and Change of Address Fonn I DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY
and THE U.S. BUREAU OF M!NES
NAME (Please print or type) _ I Aplil 25·30. 1993
STREET _ I Long Beach. California
CITY STATE ZlP _ I
1 yr. $10.00 2 yrs. $19.00 3 yrs. $28.00
I The 29th Forum will emphasize
D (6 issues) D (12 issues) D (18 issues) I industrial mineral deposits of the south·
I em Califomia region and will include
1
on preliminary Revicw Maps
. ,
of January I. 1993;
Cities Counties ,
Benicia Contra Costa "" J
Concord
Fairfield
Riverside
San Bernardino JL--._~ .. .. -+ ,
",
Walnut Creek Solano -, "
Yucca Valley Sonoma
1
.......
"
PROPOSED WITHDRAWAL /)
OF SPECIAL STUDIES
ZONES MAPS
t ;,",
Studies Zones Maps listed below ,!
aTe proposed for withdrawal
.""'"
following the same schedule as
A. AntIoch North
B. Antioch South
\.---f"'C'--"""'C"~-Wr-' -'-' •. ....:..r '-:".
,
1lle propos«! new and revised Special Studies Zones Maps are issued for review purposes pursuant to tne Alqwsl Priolo Spe<:ial Studies Zones Act
Following a review perkxl thai ends April I. 1993. they ...;11 be superseded by OffICial Maps on July 1. 1993. I'It which time the roning beeorrM.':S
effectiYe
Review copies of the Preliminary Review Maps are in the offices oltne affected Cities and counties and the DMG olliceslisled above. Copies llllIy
be purchased from Blue Print SelVice Company. 1147 Mission Streel. San Frot'ICisco. CA 94103. (415) 512-6550
For infonTlatlon on Officiol Mops of Special Studies Zones previously issued. and lor provisions of tne l\Iquist·PrioIo Special Studies Zones Act. see
DMG Special Publication 42. Fault-rupture Hazard Zones in Califomia 11 Is ovaiiable from DMG. PO Box 2980. Sacramento. CA 95814. or
from the offices listed aboYe. lor $3 00.
PUblICatIons and InlormabOn 0II1Ce Bay Area RegIonal 0It1Ce Southern Calrlorma Regional OffICe
80t K Streel. MS 14·33 1145 M,lIket Slreet, 3rd Floor 107 South Broadway. Room 1065
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(916)445·5716 l415l557·1500 (213)612-3560
MARCH.APRlll993
CAlIFQflNIA GEOlOGY
"