Echinodermata

Phylum Echinodermata

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Porifera
Placozoa
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Platyhelminthes
Gastrotricha
Gnathostomulida
Cycliophora
Rotifera
Annelida
Mollusca
Sipuncula
Nemertea
Brachiopoda
have tripartie coelom too
Phoronida
Bryozoa
!! Arthropoda
Tardigrada
!! Deuterostomia Onychophora
Nematomorpha
• Blastopore becomes the
Nematoda
anus Priapulida
• Tripartite coelom Kinorhyncha
• Dipleurula larval stage Loricifera
Echinodermata
Hemichordata
Chordata

defining characteristic

Blastopore (Gastrulation)

Ectoderm

Blastocoel
Endoderm

Blastopore

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Echinodermata

Enterocoelous coelom

Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm

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Tripartite coelom

Mesocoel
Protocoel
Metacoel

Mouth Anus

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Dipleurula larva

Preoral lobe

Mouth
Ciliated band

Esophagous

Stomach

Anus

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 Echinodermata

Porifera
Placozoa
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Platyhelminthes
Gastrotricha
Gnathostomulida
Cycliophora
Rotifera
Annelida
Mollusca
Sipuncula
Nemertea
Brachiopoda
Phoronida
Bryozoa
Arthropoda
Tardigrada
!! Echinodermata Onychophora
(Autoapomorphies) Nematomorpha
Nematoda
• Pentaramous symmetry
Priapulida
• Stereom spicules Kinorhyncha
• Water vascular system
rigid or fluid • Mutable connective tissue !!
Loricifera
Echinodermata
- connective Hemichordata
Chordata
tissue they mesocoelon
can make porous calcerious plates -- makes endoskeleton
solid or fluid
by choice

Parazoa (1.2%)
Extant Animalia Radiata (0.9%)
~1,300,000 species
Protostomia (3.9%)
Platyzoa (2.2%)
Platyhelminthes (1.9%)
Others (0.3%)
Lophotrochozoa (9.8%)
Mollusca (8.5%)
Annelida (0.9%)
Others (0.5%)
Ecdysozoa (82.0%)
Crustecea (3.1%)
Chelicerata (7.6%)
Tracheata (70.3%)
Others (1.1%)
Deuterostomia (4.0%)
Chordata (3.5%)
Others (0.4%)

Star fish

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Sea urchins

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Sand dollars

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Brittle stars

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Sea cucumber

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pretty much sessil -- the nutrients would fall and land on the
starfish and land on the arms which is passed to mouth
Ancient Echinoderms

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Ancestral echinoderms

instead on catching food, the sticky feet can sneak across the
substrate
oral side = mouth side down
aboral = other sode of mouth

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the mouth is still on the oral side but now it is projecting down on the substrate
Echinoderm surfaces

Tube feet and

ambulacral
groove

Aboral surface Oral surface

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Water vascular system

(Ambulacral system)

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Role of the water vascular system

O Locomotion
O Circulation diffusion across the membrane of the feet with
O Respiration gas and nutrient exchange because the membrane is so thin
O Excretion

feet carry out every function that the star fish does

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runs through the whole body

Water vascular system radial canal goes out from the ring canal and the lateral canals go to
the tubules
Madreporite
Stone canal will seal off the leg if it is lost. concern is when the sea water has bacteria
or something similar that will infect the star fish
Ring canal
Tiedemann’
Tiedemann’s
Tiedemann’s Radial canal
bodies Lateral canal
Polian Tube feet
vesicles

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Tube feet

extend beyong the body and has suction body

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closed hydrostatic squeleton

Tube foot
Ampulla when squezing the ampulla the tube foot starts to extend the tube foot
the suction cup contacts the substrate the muscle pulls up and makes
Lateral canal
a cup shape and allows the tube food to be stuck on the substrate by
Body wall suction
Tube foot
Retractor they are all coordinated together
muscles
Podial muscle

Sucker

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same thing happened when it was facing up but they were catching food
and eating it and now they are gripping across the substrate to move
Movement of tube feet

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very slow moving and big --- there might be things that will settle on them
Body wall (like barnicles) and they have spins that give them a placce where things
do not settle ontop of them

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there are little branchia (out pockets of flesh) that are for respiration
Pedicellaria on the surface of the body and can get blocked is something starts
to live on it

Spine if some organism tries to settle down, the pedicellaria pinches them and
Pedicellaria annoys them until they get off

Dermal
branchia
the cilia also makes sure that there will be no substrate that gets on top
by contiunously moving around to get it off

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Digestive system

Anus
Pyloric stomach
Cardiac stomach

Digestive gland
(Pyloric cecum)
cecum)

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when it consumes its prey, it inverses its cadiac stomack and wrap it
up around the substrate to digest it
Sea star

Gonad Anus

Pyloric stomach

Cardiac stomach

Mouth

Pyloric cecum

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feeds on clams -- they are slower

feeds on coral
Feeding

when it wins the race against the clam and it can then ancor itself
and then open up the space in the clam to put its mouth in there
and liquify the clam and eat it

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Reproductive system
digestive system is linked to the reproduction system

Gonad

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Sea star arm

Spine

Dermal branchia where everything is diffused

fluid exchange and where the gonads go
Ossicle
Digestive gland
Coelom
Gonad
Tube foot

tube foot and is in the mesocoel

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TAB79

Echinoidea
Sea urchins

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TAB79 BIO3334
Troy Brushett, 14/08/2006
Echinodermata

TAB86

Echinoidea
Water vascular system
Madreporite spins everywhere
Axial organ
Ring canal

Radial canal

Tube feet

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TAB80
used for locomotion --- attached is a ball and socket joint
used for defence --- getting into cracks and crevaces and so they wave
Echinoid spines and pedicellaria
their spines and lock them solid so they do not
move and are anchored in space

they are herbavor

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TAB81

Echinoidea under side

Oral surface
5 teeth used to tear and shred the plant material

““Gill”
Gill”
Gill”
Ambulacrum
Openings for
tube feet
Teeth of lantern
Peristomial
membrane

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TAB86 BIO3334
Troy Brushett, 14/08/2006

Slide 32

TAB80 BIO3334
Troy Brushett, 14/08/2006

Slide 33

TAB81 BIO3334
Troy Brushett, 14/08/2006
Echinodermata

TAB82

Aristotle’s made of same material as

Aristotle’s lantern
Aristotle’
spines the teeth are arranged like pyramide and when the teeth go down the
jaw opens

Epiphysis
Tooth
Pyramid
Lantern retractor
Lantern protractor

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TAB83
jaws inside have a tube and it is used for the cutting and can be replaced
Echinoidea
from above because it will grown from above
Aristotle’s
Aristotle’
Aristotle’s
lantern Tooth
Pyramid

Compass

Epiphysis
Dental sac that
forms tooth

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TAB85
they have a large stomach in order to process a lot of the nutrients
Echinoidea from the plants that they feed on because plants are a bad nutrient
Digestive system source
Esophagus
Aboral intestine Aristotle’
Aristotle’s lantern
Aristotle’s subtrate concentration is very low so it is very hard to suck up
(better with a high concentrated substrate) so the esophagus is
Siphon from the lantern and it is connected to the siphon where the water
Anus
is going to go

separates the food from the water so that they food concentration is
high because it has been put in the esophagus as a stack and the
Tube feet
water is sent ot the siphon
Gonad the only other thing in the circle is the gonads
Oral intestine
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TAB82 BIO3334
Troy Brushett, 14/08/2006

Slide 35

TAB83 BIO3334
Troy Brushett, 14/08/2006

Slide 36

TAB85 BIO3334
Troy Brushett, 14/08/2006