Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
• 1 History
• 2 Motorsport
○ 2.1 Scuderia Ferrari
○ 2.2 Race cars for other teams
• 3 Road cars
○ 3.1 Supercars
○ 3.2 Concept cars and specials
○ 3.3 Bio-fuel and hybrid cars
○ 3.4 Naming conventions
• 4 Identity
○ 4.1 Colour
• 5 Corporate affairs
○ 5.1 Technical partnerships
○ 5.2 Sales history
• 6 See also
• 7 Notes
• 8 References
• 9 External links
History
Main article: History of Ferrari
Enzo Ferrari never intended to produce road cars when he formed Scuderia Ferrari
(literally "Ferrari Stable", and usually used to mean "Team Ferrari", it is correctly
pronounced [skudeˈriːa]) in 1928 as a sponsor for amateur drivers headquartered in
Modena. Ferrari prepared, and successfully raced, various drivers in Alfa Romeo cars
until 1938, when he was hired by Alfa Romeo to head their motor racing department.
In 1941, Alfa Romeo was confiscated by the Fascist government of Benito Mussolini as part
of the Axis Powers' war effort. Enzo Ferrari's division was small enough to be unaffected
by this. Because he was prohibited by contract from racing for four years, the Scuderia
briefly became Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari, which ostensibly produced machine tools
and aircraft accessories. Also known as SEFAC (Scuderia Enzo Ferrari Auto Corse),
Ferrari did in fact produce one race car, the Tipo 815, in the non-competition period. It
was the first actual Ferrari car (it debuted at the 1940 Mille Miglia), but due to World War
II it saw little competition. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has
remained ever since. The factory was bombed by the Allies in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946,
after the war ended, and included a works for road car production. Until Il
Commendatore's death, this would remain little more than a source of funding for his
racing operations.
166MM Barchetta 212/225
The first Ferrari road car was the 1947 125 S, powered by a 1.5 L V12 engine; Enzo
Ferrari reluctantly built and sold his automobiles to fund Scuderia Ferrari.[4]
In 1988, Enzo Ferrari oversaw the launch of the Ferrari F40, the last new Ferrari to be
launched before his death later that year, and arguably one of the most famous supercars
ever made. From 2002 to 2004, Ferrari introduced the Enzo, its fastest model at the time, in
honor of the company's founder: Enzo Ferrari. It was restricted to only the most wealthy
automobile enthusiasts, however, as each one cost $1.8 million apiece.
On May 17, 2009 in Maranello, Italy, a 1957 250 Testa Rossa (TR) was auctioned, by RM
Auctions and Sotheby's, for $12.1 million — a world record at that time for the most
expensive car ever sold at an auction. That record is now held by a Bugatti Atlantic which
sold for over $28 million. [5]
Motorsport
For a complete list of Ferrari racing cars, see List of Ferrari competition cars.
Scuderia Ferrari won a Formula One driver's title in 2007, with Kimi Räikkönen.
Alberto Ascari gave Ferrari its first Drivers Championship a year later. Ferrari is the
oldest team in the championship, and the most successful: the team holds nearly every
Formula One record. As of 2008[update], the team's records include 15 World Drivers
Championship titles (1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1979, 2000, 2001, 2002,
2003, 2004 and 2007) 16 World Constructors Championship titles (1961, 1964, 1975, 1976,
1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2008), 209 Grand Prix
victories, 4925.27 points, 622 podium finishes, 203 pole positions, and 218 fastest laps in 776
Grands Prix contested.
Notable Ferrari drivers include José Froilán González, Tazio Nuvolari, Marcin Zatorski
Juan Manuel Fangio, Luigi Chinetti, Alberto Ascari, Wolfgang von Trips, Phil Hill, Olivier
Gendebien, Mike Hawthorn, Peter Collins, Giancarlo Baghetti, John Surtees, Lorenzo
Bandini, Ludovico Scarfiotti, Jacky Ickx, Mario Andretti, Clay Regazzoni, Niki Lauda,
Carlos Reutemann, Jody Scheckter, Gilles Villeneuve, Didier Pironi, Patrick Tambay,
René Arnoux, Michele Alboreto, Gerhard Berger, Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost, Jean Alesi,
Eddie Irvine, Rubens Barrichello, Michael Schumacher, Kimi Räikkönen, Felipe Massa,
and Fernando Alonso.
At the end of the 2006 season, the team courted controversy by continuing to allow
Marlboro to sponsor them after they, along with the other F1 teams, made a promise to end
sponsorship deals with tobacco manufacturers. A five year deal was agreed and although
this is not due to end until 2011, in April 2008 Marlboro dropped their on-car branding on
Ferrari.
The drivers competing for 2009 were Felipe Massa and defending champion Kimi
Räikkönen. As of 2010 Fernando Alonso has started racing for Ferrari after racing for
Renault, Minardi and Mclaren, filling Kimi Räikkönen's former seat.
A 312PB (driven by Jacky Ickx) during the team's final year in the World Sportscar
Championship.
In addition to Formula One, Ferrari also entered cars in sportscar racing, the two
programs existing in parallel for many years.
In 1949, Luigi Chinetti drove a 166 M to Ferrari's first win in motorsports, the 24 Hours of
Le Mans. Ferrari went on to dominate the early years of the World Sportscar
Championship which was created in 1953, winning the title seven out of its first nine years.
When the championship format changed in 1962, Ferrari earned titles in at least one class
each year through to 1965 and then again in 1967. Ferrari would win one final title, the
1972 World Championship of Makes before Enzo decided to leave sports car racing after
1973 and allow Scuderia Ferrari to concentrate solely on Formula One.
During Ferrari's seasons of the World Sportscars Championship, they also gained more
wins at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, with the factory team earning their first in 1954. Another
win would come in 1958, followed by five consecutive wins from 1960 to 1964. Luigi
Chinetti's North American Racing Team (NART) would take Ferrari's final victory at Le
Mans in 1965.
Although Scuderia Ferrari no longer participated in sports cars after 1973, they have
occasionally built various successful sports cars for privateers. These include the BB 512
LM in the 1970s, the 333 SP which won the IMSA GT Championship in the 1990s, and
currently the F430 GT2 and GT3 which are currently winning championships in their
respective classes.
Race cars for other teams
Throughout its history, Ferrari has supplied racing cars to other entrants, aside from its
own works Scuderia Ferrari team.
In the 1950s and 60s, Ferrari supplied Formula One cars to a number of private entrants
and other teams. One famous example was Tony Vandervell's team, which raced the
Thinwall Special modified Ferraris before building their own Vanwall cars. The North
American Racing Team's entries in the final three rounds of the 1969 season were the last
occasions on which a team other than Scuderia Ferrari entered a World Championship
Grand Prix with a Ferrari car.[6]
Ferrari supplied cars complete with V8 engines for the A1 Grand Prix series, from the
2008-09 season.[7] The car was designed by Rory Byrne and is styled to resemble the 2004
Ferrari Formula one car.
The 599 GTB Fiorano and F430 GT are used in GT racing series. The Ferrari Challenge is
a one make racing series for the Ferrari F430. Ferrari's latest supercar, the 2006 FXX is
not road legal, and is therefore only used for track events.
Road cars
For a complete list, including future and concept car models, see List of Ferrari road cars.
Ferrari 166 Inter Coupe Touring
Ferrari's first vehicle was the 125 S sports/racing model. In 1949, the Ferrari 166 Inter, the
company's first move into the grand touring market, which continues to make up the bulk
of Ferrari sales to the present day.
Several early cars featured bodywork customised by a number of coachbuilders such as
Pininfarina, Zagato and Bertone.
The Dino was the first mid-engined Ferrari. This layout would go on to be used in most
Ferraris of the 1980s and 1990s. V8 Ferrari models make up well over half of the marque's
total production.
For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars. Although they looked
quite different from their 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were closely
related to the 308 GTB.
The company has also produced front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in the current 612
Scaglietti and California.
Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the Berlinetta Boxer in 1973. The
later Testarossa remains one of the most famous Ferraris.
Supercars
Enzo Ferrari
The company's loftiest efforts have been in the supercar market. The 1962 250 GTO may
be considered the first in the line of Ferrari supercars, which extends to the recent Enzo
Ferrari and FXX models.
Concept cars and specials
Ferrari P4/5
Ferrari has produced a number of concept cars, such as the Ferrari Mythos. While some of
these were quite radical (such as the Ferrari Modulo) and never intended for production,
others such as the Ferrari Mythos have shown styling elements which were later
incorporated into production models.
The most recent concept car to be produced by Ferrari themselves was the 2010 Ferrari
Millechili.
A number of one-off special versions of Ferrari road cars have also been produced, some of
which have been commissioned by wealthy owners. One of the examples is the Ferrari P4/5.
The Special Projects program is a collaboration by Ferrari with Italian automobile
coachbuilders such as Fioravanti, Pininfarina, and Zagato to build custom cars using
selected Ferrari models as a structural base. The first car under this program is the SP1,
commissioned by a Japanese business executive. The second is the P540 Superfast Aperta,
commissioned by an American enthusiast.
Bio-fuel and hybrid cars
Ferrari has considered making hybrids. A F430 Spider that runs on ethanol was displayed
at the 2008 Detroit Auto Show. Ferrari has announced that a hybrid will be in production
by 2015. At the 2010 Geneva Motor Show, Ferrari unveiled a hybrid version of their
flagship 599. Called the "HY-KERS Concept", Ferrari's hybrid system adds more than
100 horsepower on top of the 599 Fiorano's 612 HP.[8]
Naming conventions
Until the early 1980s, Ferrari followed a three-number naming scheme based on engine
displacement:
• V6 and V8 models used the total displacement (in decilitres) for the first two digits
and the number of cylinders as the third. Thus, the 206 was a 2.0 L V6 powered
vehicle, while the 348 used a 3.4 L V8, although, for the F355, the last digit refers to
5 valves per cylinder. Upon introduction of the 360 Modena, the digits for V8
models (which now carried a name as well as a number) refer only to total engine
displacement. The numerical indication aspect of this name has carried on to the
current V8 model, the F430. The F430's replacement, however, is the 458 Italia,
which uses the same naming as the 206 and 348.
• V12 models used the displacement (in cubic centimetres) of one cylinder. Therefore,
the famed 365 Daytona had a 4390 cc V12. However, some newer V12-engined
Ferraris, such as the 599, have three-number designations that refer only to total
engine displacement.
• Flat 12 (boxer) models used the displacement in litres. Therefore, the BB 512 was
five litre flat 12 (a Berlinetta Boxer, in this case). However, the original Berlinetta
Boxer was the 365 GT4 BB, which was named in a similar manner to the V12
models.
• Halo Car F followed by the anniversary in years, such as the F40 and F50. The Enzo
skipped this rule, but it will return in the upcoming F70.
• Some models, such as the 1980 Mondial and the 1984 Testarossa did not follow a
three-number naming scheme.
Ferrari have had agreements to supply Formula One engines to a number of other teams
over the years, and currently supply Scuderia Toro Rosso and Sauber.
Sales history
Sales to end customers (number of type-approved vehicles)
Year
1 2 3 4 5 6 12
1999 [12]
3,775
2000[13] 4,070
2001[14] 4,289
2002[15] 4,236
2003[16] 4,238
2004[17] 4,975
2005[18] 5,409
2006[19] 5,671
2007[20] 6,465
2008[21] 6,587
2009[22] 6,250
See also
Companies portal
Retail
Ferrari · Maserati · Abarth · Alfa Romeo · Fiat · Lancia
brands
Major
Chrysler Group, LLC (30%): Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep, RAM, GEM
interests
Defunct
Autobianchi · Innocenti · Zastava · Seddon Atkinson · Pegaso
marques
Red Bull · McLaren · Ferrari · Mercedes · Renault · Williams · Force India · Sauber · Toro
Rosso · Lotus · HRT · Virgin
Former constructors
AFM · AGS · Alfa Romeo · Alta · Amon · Andrea Moda · Apollon · Arrows · Arzani-
Volpini · Aston-Butterworth · Aston Martin · ATS (Italy) · ATS (Germany) · BAR · Behra-
Porsche · Bellasi · Benetton · BMW · Boro · Brabham · Brawn · BRM · BRP · Bugatti ·
Cisitalia · Coloni · Connaught · Connew · Cooper · Cosworth · Dallara · De Tomaso ·
Delahaye · Derrington-Francis · Eagle · Eifelland · Emeryson · EMW · ENB · Ensign ·
ERA · EuroBrun · Ferguson · FIRST · Fittipaldi · Fondmetal · Footwork · Forti · Frazer
Nash · Fry · Gilby · Gordini · Greifzu · Haas/Lola · Hesketh · Hill · HWM · Honda · Jaguar ·
JBW · Jordan · Kauhsen · Klenk · Kojima · Kurtis Kraft · Lancia · Larrousse · LDS · LEC ·
Leyton House · Life · Ligier · Lola · Lotus (Team Lotus) · Lyncar · Maki · March · Martini ·
Maserati · Matra · MBM · McGuire · Merzario · Midland · Milano · Minardi · Modena ·
Onyx · OSCA · Osella · Pacific · Parnelli · Penske · Porsche · Prost · RAM · RE · Rebaque ·
Reynard · Rial · Scarab · Scirocco · Shadow · Shannon · Simtek · Spirit · Spyker · Stebro ·
Stewart · Super Aguri · Surtees · Talbot · Talbot-Lago · Tec-Mec · Tecno · Theodore ·
Token · Toleman · Toyota · Trojan · Tyrrell · Vanwall · Veritas · Williams (FWRC) · Wolf ·
Zakspeed
Although World Championship races held in 1952 and 1953 were run to Formula Two
regulations, constructors who only participated during this period are included herein to
maintain Championship continuity. Constructors whose only participation in the World
Championship was in the Indianapolis 500 races between 1950 and 1960 are not listed.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari"
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