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Figure 16–18
Caliper
Wheel Boot Seal
An automotive disk brake.
(Courtesy DaimlerChrysler Piston
Corporation.)
Brake fluid
Shoe and
lining
Spindle
Adapter
Mounting bolt
Outer
bearing Steering
knuckle
Braking disk
Splash shield
Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s III. Design of Mechanical 16. Clutches, Brakes, © The McGraw−Hill 827
Mechanical Engineering Elements Couplings, and Flywheels Companies, 2008
Design, Eighth Edition
Figure 16–19 y
r
2
ro ri
x
1
of a rotating disk. Depicted in Fig. 16–19 is the geometry of an annular-pad brake con-
tact area. The governing axial wear equation is Eq. (12–27), p. 643,
w = f1 f2 K P V t
The coordinate r̄ locates the line of action of force F that intersects the y axis. Of
interest also is the effective radius re , which is the radius of an equivalent shoe of infin-
itesimal radial thickness. If p is the local contact pressure, the actuating force F and the
friction torque T are given by
θ2 ro ro
F= pr dr dθ = (θ2 − θ1 ) pr dr (16–29)
θ1 ri ri
θ2 ro ro
T = f pr 2 dr dθ = (θ2 − θ1 ) f pr 2 dr (16–30)
θ1 ri ri
The locating coordinate r̄ of the activating force is found by taking moments about the
x axis:
θ2 ro ro
Mx = F r̄ = pr(r sin θ) dr dθ = (cos θ1 − cos θ2 ) pr 2 dr
θ1 ri ri
Mx (cos θ1 − cos θ2 )
r̄ = = re (16–32)
F θ2 − θ1
Uniform Wear
It is clear from Eq. (12–27) that for the axial wear to be the same everywhere, the prod-
uct P V must be a constant. From Eq. (a), Sec. 16–5, the pressure p can be expressed
in terms of the largest allowable pressure pa (which occurs at the inner radius ri ) as
828 Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s III. Design of Mechanical 16. Clutches, Brakes, © The McGraw−Hill
Mechanical Engineering Elements Couplings, and Flywheels Companies, 2008
Design, Eighth Edition
Uniform Pressure
In this situation, approximated by a new brake, p = pa . Equation (16–29) becomes
ro
1
r dr = (θ2 − θ1 ) pa ro2 − ri2
F = (θ2 − θ1 ) pa (16–37)
ri 2
Equation (16–30) becomes
ro
1
r 2 dr = (θ2 − θ1 ) f pa ro3 − ri3
T = (θ2 − θ1 ) f pa (16–38)
ri 3
Equation (16–31) becomes
ro
pa r 2 dr
r 3 − ri3 2 2 ro3 − ri3
re = ri ro = o = (16–39)
3 ro2 − ri2 3 ro2 − ri3
pa r dr
ri
EXAMPLE 16–3 Two annular pads, ri = 3.875 in, ro = 5.50 in, subtend an angle of 108◦ , have a co-
efficient of friction of 0.37, and are actuated by a pair of hydraulic cylinders 1.5 in in
diameter. The torque requirement is 13 000 lbf · in. For uniform wear
(a) Find the largest normal pressure pa .
(b) Estimate the actuating force F.
(c) Find the equivalent radius re and force location r̄ .
(d) Estimate the required hydraulic pressure.
Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s III. Design of Mechanical 16. Clutches, Brakes, © The McGraw−Hill 829
Mechanical Engineering Elements Couplings, and Flywheels Companies, 2008
Design, Eighth Edition
Solution (a) From Eq. (16–34), with T = 13 000/2 = 6500 lbf · in for each pad,
2T
Answer pa =
(θ2 − θ1 ) f ri ro2 − ri2
2(6500)
= = 315.8 psi
(144◦ − 36◦ )(π/180)0.37(3.875)(5.52 − 3.8752 )
r o + ri 5.50 + 3.875
Answer re = = = 4.688 in
2 2
F 3748
Answer phydraulic = = = 2121 psi
AP π(1.52 /4)
re = δe (16–41)
EXAMPLE 16–4 A button-pad disk brake uses dry sintered metal pads. The pad radius is 12 in, and its
center is 2 in from the axis of rotation of the 3 12 -in-diameter disk. Using half of the
largest allowable pressure, pmax = 350 psi, find the actuating force and the brake
torque. The coefficient of friction is 0.31.