KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION EXERCISE 1

1.May we borrow your ladder for half an hour?

mind
Would you............................................................. your ladder for half an hour?
2."I'm not frightened," he said; in fact, he was terrified.
be
He pretended.............................................................................. frightened.
3.The Majestic is better than this hotel.
good
This hotel.................................................................................... the Majestic.
4.To enjoy travel, you must go on your own.
only
You........................................................ enjoy travelling if you go on your own.
5.You were very generous, giving us all that money.
of
It was very generous........... ............................................... us all that money.
6.He was sorry he had asked the bank to lend him the money.
wished
He......................................................... asked the bank to lend him the money.
7.I haven't owned a car for five years now.
since
It is five years...................................................................................... a car.
8.Why didn't you warn me it was going to rain?
have
You........................................................................... me it was going to rain.
9.Heavy smokers are more likely to suffer serious illness than non-smokers.
runs
A heavy smoker.............................................. serious illness than a non-smoker.
10.Even though she knew she had to get up early, Mary still went to the disco.
despite
Mary still went to the disco..... ................................. that she had to get up early

1.The dog is wagging its tail because it is trying to be friendly.

friends
The dog is wagging its tail because it wants................................................ you.
2.It is a good habit to save in case of hard times.
aside
It is a good habit to....................................................................... a rainy day.
3.My mother-in-law has invited us to share her house.
moving
We............................................................................. my mother-in-law.
4.His lack of interest surprised me.
surprising
I................................................................... that he showed so little interest.
5.I am sorry that I cannot come to the party.
miss
I am sorry............................................................................ the party.
6.It is pointless to carry samovars to Samarkand.
point
There.................................................................. samovars to Samarkand.
7.The path was so narrow they had to walk one behind the other along it.
single
The path was so narrow they had to walk............................................. along it.
8.Small children are full of mischief.
sorts
Small children get............................................................................. tricks.
9."Can you help me?" the old lady asked.
could
The old lady asked.............................................................................. help her.
10.When he was much older, he understood.
until
It.............................................................. much older that he understood.

1Ken does not work half as much as he used to.

hard

Ken used to work..................................................................... he does now.

2.The experts thought that the cost of petrol would rise next year.

expected

The cost of petrol......................................................................... next year.

3.Some people who start smoking find it difficult to stop.

always

It.......................................................... to stop smoking once you have started.

4.If he isn't careful, he is bound to end up in hospital.

him

His carelessness is bound.............................................................. in hospital.

5.Because of his illness he could not work effectively.

impossible
His illness ............................................................. . him to work effectively.
6.Scotsmen will never give anything to waiters.
tip
No........................................................................................... waiter.
7.Mary said, I do not want to get married yet."
rather
Mary protested that she.................................................................. married yet.
8.Mothers must try hard to understand.
best
Mothers must..................................................................... understanding.
9.The younger you marry, the greater the chance you will be unhappy.
likely
The younger you marry, the........................................................ be unhappy.
10.I was wrong to argue with him.
mistake
.................................................................. to argue with him
Compiled by Lic. Fernando Céspedes Sánchez
His illness ............................................................. . him to work effectively.
6.Scotsmen will never give anything to waiters.
tip
No........................................................................................... waiter.
7.Mary said, I do not want to get married yet."
rather
Mary protested that she.................................................................. married yet.
8.Mothers must try hard to understand.
best
Mothers must..................................................................... understanding.
9.The younger you marry, the greater the chance you will be unhappy.
likely
The younger you marry, the........................................................ be unhappy.
10.I was wrong to argue with him.
mistake
.................................................................. to argue with him.
KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION EXERCISE 4
1.She had not bought so much for a long time.
since
It was a long time............................................................... much shopping.
2.Ken arrived there twelve months ago.
for
Ken.................................................................................................. year.
3.If Mary hadn't failed her driving test, she wouldn't be unhappy.
pass
Mary is unhappy.............................................................. her driving test.
4.Rabbits used to be more numerous.
not
Rabbits............................................................................ they used to be.
5.His new book has been widely criticised.
lot
His new book has come............................................................ criticism.
6.His secretary updated the list.
brought
His secretary............................................................................................ date.
7.I couldn't have managed it without your help.
not
If............................................................... your help, I couldn't have managed it.
8.Regular exercise kept him healthy.
owed

e....................................................................................... regular exercise.

9.He couldn't lend us the car because it didn't belong to him.

his

The car............................................................................................ lend.

10.We were not surprised when he won.

came

His winning.................................................................................... surprise

KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION EXERCISE 5

1.It was difficult for the yachtsman to steer into the wind.
got
The yachtsman....................................................................... into the wind.
2.I couldn't have managed without your help.
been
If it...................................................... your help, I couldn't have managed.
3.We had just arrived when it started to rain.
than
Hardly.............................................................................. it started to rain.
4.He only did the work after he had been paid.
did
Not until he had been paid..................................................................... the work.
5.The idea that the Scots are miserly is simply not true.
truth
There.................................................. the idea that the Scots are miserly.
6.She was too busy to see us.
so
She was..................................................................................... see us.
7.It is quite pointless to complain.
point
There................................................................................. complaining.
8.I've never met anyone who works as hard as he does.
man
He is the most............................................................................. met.
9.A long speech is unlikely to be interesting.
little
There........................................................... a long speech being interesting.
10.It was difficult to hear the speaker from the back of the room.
difficulty
From the back of the room, we...................................................... the speaker.
KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION EXERCISE 6

Compiled by Lic. Fernando Céspedes Sánchez

1.I don't really want to go out.
rather
I............. ................................................................................... home.
2.I did it entirely by myself.
all
I did it......................................................................................... own.
3.You should not be so shy.
speak
You should................................................................................. yourself.
4.He has been in hospital for six months.
went
It is six months...................................................................... hospital.
5.f only he had been taken to hospital sooner.
pity
What..................................................................... taken to hospital earlier.
6.The doctors tried very hard to save him.
best
The doctors.............................................................................. to save him.
7.She was surprised to find there was little she could do.
 EXERCISE 4
01. since she had done so
02. has been there for a
03. that/because she did not pass
04. are not as numerous as/are less numerous than
surprise 05. in for a lot of
She......................................................................... there was little she could do.
8.Only Holland permits the smoking of marijuana. 06. brought the list up to
permitted
07. it had not been for
The smoking of marijuana............................................................... Holland.
9.The salesman said he was sorry he was late for the meeting. 08. owed his health to
apologised
The salesman............................................................. late for 09.the
was not his to
meeting.
10.Our decision has not yet been confirmed by head office.10. came as no
confirmation EXERCISE 5
We haven't............................................................................. head office.
01. got into difficulties steering
ANSWERS 02. had not been for
Compiled by Lic. Fernando Céspedes Sánchez
03. had we arrived than
NOTE: YOUR SCORE: To be certain of an A grade in this paper, you need to score 80%; for a Bgrade, 70%; and for a
04. did he do
passing C grade, 60%. Sometimes the exercises are rather harder than inthe actual examination; occasionally, they are
05. is no truth in
easier.
EXERCISE 1 06. so busy she did not

01. mind our borrowing/if we borrow/lending us 07. was no point in

02. not to be 08. hard-working man I have (ever)

03. is not as/so good as 09. is little likelihood

04. will/can only 10. had difficulty hearing

EXERCISE 6
05. of you to lend/give
06. wished he had not asked Compiled by Lic. Fernando Céspedes Sánchez

07. since I owned 01. would rather stay at

08. should have warned 02. all on my

09. runs more/a greater risk of 03. speak up for

10. despite knowing/the fact 04. since he went into

EXERCISE 2 05. a pity he was not
01. to be/make friends with 06. did their best
02. put money/something aside for/against 07. found to her surprise
03. are moving in with 08. is permitted only in
04. found it surprising 09. apologised for being
05. (that) I shall (have to) miss, to miss 10. had (received) confirmation from
06. is no point (in/to) carrying
07. in single file
08. up to all sorts of
09. if I could
10. was not until he was
EXERCISE 3
01. twice as hard as
02. is expected to rise
03. is not always easy
04. to put him
05. made it impossible for
06. Scotsman will (ever) tip a
07. would rather not get
08. do their best to be
09. more likely you are to
10. It was a mistake/I made