A PROJECT PAPER

ON
EFFECT OF NITROGEN ON THE YIELD AND YIELD
CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERS OF TWO LOCAL
AROMATIC VARIETIES OF RICE

Submitted By
ARIF REZA
Student No.-0501075
Session:2007-08

Submitted to
Department of Agronomy
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University,
Dinajpur

Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University,

Dinajpur
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praises are due to almighty Allah who enables the author to competition
this research work successfully in time to his B.Sc.Ag(Hons.) degree without
where endless kindness and blessing it would not have been possible to
finalize this capacious episode.

The author extended his sincere appreciation deep and heartfelt gratitude and
profound to his never end teacher Dr. Md. Alamgir Hossain, Associate
professor, Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and
Technology University, Dinajpur for his valuable teacher’s suggestion and
throughout the period of the research work and during the preparation of this
project paper.

The author has the pleasure to express his cordial appreciation to all of his
well wisher, close friends and other relatives for their encouragement and
aspiration during his study research work and preparation of the project in
his valued works.
 ABSTRACT

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of nitrogen level on

field quality of aromatic rice at the Agronomy Field laboratory. Hajee
Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur from July
to December 2008. The experiment included two varieties namely
Katabribhog and Uknimodhu; five nitrogen(N) level viz, o, 75,100,125 and
150 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block
design with three replications. Yield of rice grain and yield contributing
characters except 1000-grain weight were significantly influenced by
nitrogen in Kataribhog variety. Significant interaction of nitrogen revealed
that 125 kg/v/ha produced the highest grain yield (3 ton/ha) and was per with
0,75,100 and 150kg N/Ka. In variety Uknimodhu highest yield (1.5 T/ha)
was obtain from control condition (0 kg N/ha) and with the application of
urea yield is decreased. The results indicates that Kataribhog variety perform
better at 125kg N/ha and Uknimodhu in controlled condition.
 CONTENTS

CHAPTERS PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION---------------------------------- 01-02
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE--------------------- 03-06
3. MATRIALS AND METHODS------------------- 07
4. RESULT AND DISICUSSION------------------- 08-09
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION-------------- 10
6. REFERENCE---------------------------------------- 11-14
 CHAPTER- 1

INTRODUCTION
Globally, rice is the second most important crop to wheat in terms of area,
but as food rice in important since it pawed more caloric than any other
cereals. About 40% of world’s population consume rice as a major source of
caloric (Bank, 1999). Among the major rice growing countries of the world,
Bangladesh ranks third in respect of growing area and fourth in production
(Huke and Huke, 1990)

The demand for aromatic rice, especially among the polau eating people of
Bangladesh and Middle East countries is very high. The future source of
foreign currency may largely be secured through export of aromatic rice
varieties in abroad. Urea is the most commonly used nitrogenous fertilizer
for rice in our country. The nitrogen content of Bangladesh soil is very low
due to warm and humid climatic conditions accompanished by extensive
crop production.

Urea is the principle source of N for rice in Bangladesh agriculture.

Modifying of urea materials is an important aspect of nitrogen management
in rice from the view port of its efficient utilization.

01
Many workers (Ramaswamy et. al. 1987. Rao and Ghai, 1987) reported that
slow release nitrogenous fertilizer, increased the yield and N uptake by rice

due to less loss of nitrogen from the soil. Placement of uses in the root zone
is the most effective method for increasing the nitrogen use efficiency and
yield (Prasad et. al. 1982; Sharma. 1985).
USG is a fertilizer that can save 30% nitrogen than pilled Urea, increase
absorption rate, improve soil health and ultimately increase rice yield
(Savant et.al. 1991).
Nitrogen plays a key role in supporting plant activity and increasing the rice
yield (BRRI, 1997). For maximizing the yield, manipulation of cultural
techniques like spacing and N-fertilizer are essential and the selection N-
fertilizer is the most important factor for maximizing rice production. For
aromatic rice, the information is limited on spacing and N-fertilizer
combination.
Cultivation of aromatic rice is becoming popular due to its remunerative
prices and huge export potentiality (Gangaiak and prasad, 1999). Aromatic
varieties of their higher price and lower yield (Ratho-1984). It is, therefore
necessary to improve its cultural practices and nitrogen level.

A study was under taken keeping the above view in mind with the following
objectives :
1. To evaluate the performance of two local aromatic rice varieties, and
2. To find out the effect of nitrogen level of aromatic rice varieties on
yield and yield contributing characters.
02
 CHAPTER – 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Sufficient information regarding the variety of aromatic rice with N-

fertilization are minor in the world literature. In this chapter an approach has
been made to review some of available information related to the study. A
short review of some pertinent available information is given below.

Chopra and chopra(2006) reported that the effect off row spacing and
nitrogen level on seed yield an d seed quality of pusa Basmati-1 scented rice
(Oryza sativa L.). Row spacing did not influence on yield attributes but seed
and stray yield increased linearly up to 80kg N/ha and there after a manorial
reduction in seed yield was observed at 120kg N/ha. However, straw yield
was observed 120kg/N/ha. However, straw yield increased up to the highest
level of N. Seed quality in terms of germination was neither affected by row
spacing or by N level. The response of seed yield to N level was quadratic.
The minimum response was observed at 40kg N/ha and therefore it
decreased with the increased in N levels.

Dutta et. al. (1999) reported that Basmatian introduced variety of rice in
Bangladesh was grown at two location for investigation of intensity of
aroma at different levels of nitrogen application (0,25,50kg/ha). The
intensity of aroma in Basmati was found higher with the application of
nitrogen 25kg/ha at Mymensingh and Rangpur, 50kg N/ha did not show any
additional benefit regarding aroma synthesis over 25kg/ha.
03
Behera (1998) reported that nitrogen had marked effect on yield of scented
rice. Grain and straw yield increased significantly at each successive levels
of nitrogen. Grain yield increased with increase of N rate up to 90 kg/ha and
further increase in N increased the yield marginally.

Choudhuri et. al.(1998) conducted a experiment on 3 rice cultivars in 1933-

96 in Mahara by applying 25-100 kg N/ha or no fertilizers or 12t/ha
farmyard manure. They observed that the grain yield was the highest with
applying 100kg N/ha. Haryam Basmati, Kastuni and pusa Basmati produced
mean grain yield of 246,2.38 and 2.26 t/ha.

Application of nitrogen significantly increased in growth yield attributes

grain and straw yield as well as harvest index with 60kg N/ha (Derivedi
1997).

Li-zhilin et. al. (1997) reported that in aromatic rice by applying nitrogen
plant height increased significantly in Basmati-370 compared with other
cultivars (cv. Ratna, HKR-228) due to N application.

Maqsood et. al. (1997) carried out an experiment at Faisalabad during 1994
and 19958 on rice CV. Basmati 385 by applying 0-100kg N/ha and found
that yield was increased with increasing N rate in both the year.

Zhilin et.al. (1997) showed that N application increase N content and up

take of rice. They observed that N content decrease during uptake panicle
initiation and heading.
04
Application of 120kg N/ha recalled in significant increased in effective
tillers in grains /panicle and grain yield compared to 60kg N/ha. When
scented rice was grown in IARI Farm. Delhi in India (Chamader and Jiterdre
1996).

Kundu (1996) conducted an experiment in which Nap take rice grain were
by 3%93-4170 kg/ha and those by rice straw were 16.25-23.85kg/ha in three
different rice varieties (BR9, BR20, BR21) during transplanted a man season.

Yan et. al. (1996) observed that effort of different N rates on rice and
reported that increasing N rate increased N in plant.

Ras et. al. (1993) found that the highest grain yield was given in the wet
season by local variety Badshabhog (3.21t/ha) and in other varieties
(CV.Kasturi, Ronbir Basmati and IET 85.79 mean yield variety from 2.22-
2.581/ha. They also found that response of grain yield to N- application in
the wet season up to 90 kg/ha.
Ali et. al. (1992) conducted on experiment during the year of 1989-90 dry
season on fire rice CV. 4048 and applied 100kg N/ha in 2(basal and 30days
after transplanting) or 3 (Basal 30 and 60 days after transplanting application
and observed that 1000 grin a weight and percent head rice recovery were
higher when N was applied in 3 splits.

Raju et. al. (1990) observed that Jeeraga samba gave the highest grain yield
(3.51 t/ha) white the highest grain yield of all 3.85 t/ha was achieved by
Basmoti 217 at a nitrogen application of 120 kg N/ha.
05
Sarker et. al. (1990)applied 0,30,60 and 90kg N/ha showing and obtained
average paddy yield of 1.83,2.14,2.10 and 2.22 t/ha respectively.

Hossain et. al. (1989) conducted a field trial on cv. Basmoti 370 in
Faisalabad applying 0,30,60,120 or 150kg N/ha as single or in equal split
applications at showing and at panicle initiation. They found that grain
yields were highest with 90kg N/ha a single application (3.7 t/ha) and 150
kg/ha an a single application (3.9 t/ha). They also found that number of
tillers/hill and straw yield increased with in creasing nitrogen rate up to 16.4
and 9.1 t/ha, respectively with a single application and 16.6 and 8.3 t/ha also
with split applications.

There are many reports on the increase in total dry matter due to increased
fertilizer application particularly (Park, 1987).
Jakhro (1986) observed that Nitrogen uptake increases with increasing rate
of water, fertilizers up to a certain limit. Increasing N rates increase total
water content and intake both in grain and straw content and uptake by rice
increased significantly with increasing rates of Urea application (Kundu et.
al. 1991).

Fertilization of crop with the higher rate of N (120kg N/ha) was found
superior to lower rate (80kg N/ha) was in dry matter production (Malhotra
and Singh, 1982).
From the above discussion it is evident that rice yield responds to N level up
to a certain level above that yield and yield contributing characters are
adversely affected. Aromatic level in respect of its parameters.
06
 CHAPTER – II

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A field experiment was carried out at the agronomical research field of

Hajee Mahammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur,
during July-December 20 08. The experimental treatments include two local
varieties of transplant aromatic rice viz, Kataribhog and Uknimodhy and fire
N levels viz 0.75, 100;125,150kg N/ha applied as urea. The experiment was
laid out in a randomized or plate block design with three replications. The
Unit pbt size was 10M2.

Triple Super Phosphate(TSP), Muriate of Potash(MP), Gypsum and Zinc

Sulphate ware applied as the sources of P2O5, K2O, and Zn respectively were
applied at the rate of 80,60,50 and 10 kg/ha respectively. All fertilizers
except urea were applied and the roughly mixed with the soil at the time of
final land preparation. Urea was applied as top dressing in two equal
installments first at active tailoring stage (20 days after transplanting). The
seedlings were transplanted at 30 days after seedling. Two seeding/hill was
used maintaining 25cm row to row and 20cm plant to plant distance in well
prepared land. Plots were harvested when some 90% of the seeds become
golden yellow in color. The data on yield contributing characters were
recorded from randomly selected hills in each plot excluding border hills and
those on grain and straw yields were recorded from the whole plant.

07
 CHAPTER-4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and other yield
contributing characters of two local aromatic rice are discussed below.
Plant height :
Nitrogen excreted significant effect on plant height. In variety Kataribhog
highest level of nitrogen (160,4cm) was recorded from the highest level of
nitrogen (450kg/ha) and the lowest (154cm) from without N. In case of
Uknimodhu the highest plant (153cm) was recorded from without N and the
lowest (135cm) from 125kg/ha. Nitrogen requirement of this variety is very
low.
Effective tillers :
Average number of effective tillers/hill in variety Kataribhog significantly
increased with increase in levels of N form 0 to 125 kg/ha. The effective
Uknimodhu average number of effective tillers/hill significantly increase
with increase in levels of nitrogen from 0 to 150 kg/ha. The effective tillers
under 75 to 125kg N/ha did not very significantly.
Table : Effect of nitrogen on the yield and yield contributing characters
of aromatic rice
Treatments Plant No. of Length of No. of 1000 Grain
height effective panicle grains/panicle grains yield
(cm) tillers/hill (cm) weight t/ha
Kataribhog × 0 kg N/ha (V1 No) 154 10 24.2 116 16.5 2.0
Kataribhog × 75 kg N/ha (V1 N1) 155. 0.6 23 143 18.06 2.2
Kataribhog × 100 kg N/ha (V1 N2) 155.2 10.8 15.24 159.2 17.3 2.5
Kataribhog × 125 kg N/ha (V1 N3) 158.8 12.2 21.2 143.8 15.9 3.0
Kataribhog × 150 kg N/ha (V1 N4) 160.4 9.2 20.14 158.2 15.35 3.0
Kataribhog × 0 kg N/ha (V2 No) 153 6.8 21.24 147.16 8.98 1.5
Kataribhog × 750 kg N/ha (V2 N1) 145 8.5 20.8 180.5 9.05 1.2
Kataribhog × 100 kg N/ha (V2 N2) 147.2 7.8 21.36 160.28 9.35 1.1
Kataribhog × 125 kg N/ha (V2 N3) 135 8.2 20.4 195.4 10.87 1
Kataribhog × 150 kg N/ha (V2 N4) 140.6 9.4 22.2 210.2 11.43 1

08
Panicle length :
The interaction effect of variety and nitrogen level was not significant except
panicle length. Table 1 show that the longest panicle (24.2 cm) was obtain
from Kataribhog × 0kg N/ha and shortest panicle (15.24cm) was obtain form
Kataribhog × 100kg N/he. In Uknimodhn largest (22.2cm) and shortest
(20.4cm) panicle was recorded from 150kg N/ha and 125kg/ha respectively.
Grains per panicle :
Different doses of N recessively and significantly increased the number of
grains/panicle up to 100kg/ha beyond which there was no farther increase
incase of Kataribhog. The grains/panicle under 75 to 100 kg did not vary
significantly. The reducing in no of grains above 100kg N/ha in Kataribhog
may be due to the production of grater no of sterile spike lets caused by the
high level of nitrogen.
Grain yield :
Rice grain yields obtained with different N gates varied significantly among
the treatment. In Kataribhog grain yield increased significantly with increase
in N levels from 0 to 125kg/ha beyond which there was no further increase.
Incase of Uknimodhu grain yield decreased significantly with increase in N
levels from 0 to 125kg/ha. The reasons for this the Katariblog variety present
in out countries such as Philippines. Kataribhog which response like modern
variety with N, but Uknimodhu is a local variety which requires little of
disease lodging and greater sterility decreased the yield signification.

09
 CHAPTER-5

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field laboratory. Hajee

Mohamad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the
period from July-December 2008 with a view to finding out the effect of
nitrogen level on the yield quality of aromatic rice grains. The experimental
treatments include were : A) two varieties of transplant aromatic rice viz
0(No), 75(N1), 100(N2), 125(N3) and 150 kg/ha (N4) applied as urea.

The result showed that different N level had significant positive effect on
most of the parameters incase of kataribhog. It was observed that plant
(100.4cm) were obtained at the highest N level (150kg/ha). Highest effective
tillers/hill(12.2) and grain yield (3+ha) were found from 125kg N/ha which
was identical with 150kg N/ha. Highest yield was (15+ha) obtain without
application of urea. So this variety will be cultivated by applying organic
fertilizer and controlled condition.

10
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