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NTSB's recommendations addressed the foregoing items and other contributory factors:
• FIONA's cargo tanks should have been inerted.
• Inert gas system (IGS) should be used with all cargoes unless tanks are gas free.
• The main source of the explosive vapors was contamination of the cargo by
previous condensate cargo, while release of light hydrocarbons by the fuel oil in
the tank may have been contributory.
• Masters of vessels carrying Grade E cargoes should certify that explosive vapors
are not present prior to sampling or measuring cargoes with a combustible gas
indicator device.
• The static charge was generated by a steam leak in the cargo heating pipes and
accumulated on an ungrounded temperature probe. Better maintenance might
have prevented the casualty. · The probe lacked a precautionary nameplate stating
the, need for grounding the instrument during use. Underwriters Laboratory UL)
should adopt the Canadian Standards Association requirement for such a
nameplate. The internal grounding wiring on these probes should also be checked
periodically.