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Biodiversity of Hot
Springs:
Zooplankton and Benthos
Ma. Vivian C. Camacho
Consuelo Dl. Habito
1
5/20/2010
Objectives
2
5/20/2010
Objectives
To determine the influence of physico-
chemical parameters such as temperature,
dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrates, nitrites on
species composition and abundance
To correlate zooplankton and benthic
species composition and abundance with
human activities occurring in hot springs
and vicinities
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
3
5/20/2010
B. Outer Canal
4
5/20/2010
Zooplankton sampling
5
5/20/2010
Physico-chemical parameters
temperature
dissolved oxygen
pH content (acidity/ basicity) of
water
Nitrites and nitrates
6
5/20/2010
Mollusca
13%
Rotifera
23 taxa
Arthropoda 56.5%
26%
Phylum Rotifera
Class Bdelloidea
Class Monogononta
7
5/20/2010
Class Monogononta
Lecane sp.
8
5/20/2010
Zooplankton Taxa
Site 1
10
9
8
Number of Taxa
7 Rotifera
6 Arthropoda
5
4 Annelida
3 Mollusca
2
1
0
r
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br
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Ja
Fe
O
No
De
Month
Site 2
4
Number of Taxa
3 Rotifera
Arthropoda
2
Annelida
1 Mollusca
0
r
ry
ry
ch
r
er
be
be
ua
a
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m
nu
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M
br
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Ja
Fe
O
No
De
Month
9
5/20/2010
Site 3
4
Number of Taxa
Rotifera
3 Arthropoda
2 Annelida
Mollusca
1
0
r
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No
De
Month
Zooplankton abundances
%
Arthropoda 46.2
Rotifera 43.6 Rotifera
Arthropoda
Nematoda 5.7
Annelida 3.2
Mollusca 0.8
10
5/20/2010
Lecane
NEMATODA- rhabditiform larva
Polyarthra
unidentified copepod
ANNELIDA-Oligochaeta
Cyclopoidea copepodite
Lepadella
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Relative mean abundace (%)
Site 1
Mean density (no. of inds./m3)
600
500
ROTIFERA
400 NEMATODA
MOLLUSCA
300
ARTHROPODA
200 ANNELIDA
100
0
Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07
Sampling period (month)
11
5/20/2010
100
ROTIFERA
80 NEMATODA
60 MOLLUSCA
40 ARTHROPODA
ANNELIDA
20
0
Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar-
06 06 06 07 07 07
Sampling period (month)
Site 3
Mean density (no. of inds./m3)
80
70
60 ROTIFERA
50 NEMATODA
40 MOLLUSCA
30 ARTHROPODA
20 ANNELIDA
10
0
Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan-07 Feb- Mar-
06 06 06 07 07
Sampling period (months)
12
5/20/2010
1200
Total mean density (no. of
1000
800
inds./m3)
Site 1
600 Site 2
Site 3
400
200
0
Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07
Sampling period (month)
11%
Bivalvia
11%
Oligochaeta
78%
Gastropoda
13
5/20/2010
Gastropods and
Bivalves
Family Thiaridae
Melanoides
Viviparus
Family Planorbidae Corbicula
Relative Abundance of
Macrobenthos
10.6%
Pomacea
41.7%
32.9% F. Thiaridae
Melanoides
14
5/20/2010
Pomacea
Planorbidae
Corbicula
Oligochaeta
Tarebia
Bellamya
Viviparus
0 10 20 30 40 50
Relative mean abundance (%)
Site 1
18
Density (no. of inds./0.01m2)
16
14
12
Gastropoda
10
Bivalvia
8
Oligochaeta
6
4
2
0
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March
Month
15
5/20/2010
Site 2
40
Density (no. of inds./0.01m2)
35
30
25 Gastropoda
20 Bivalvia
15 Oligochaeta
10
5
0
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March
Month
Physico- 34.00
chemical 32.00
Temperature ( C)
30.00
parameters 28.00
Site 1
Site 2
26.00
Site 3
a. temperature 24.00
22.00
20.00
Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07
Month
10
9
8
b. dissolved oxygen
7
DO (mg/l)
6 Site 1
5 Site 2
4 Site 3
3
2
1
0
c. nitrites < 0.3 mg/l Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07
Month
d. nitrates 12.5mg/l
16
5/20/2010
% Composition of Major
Zooplankton Groups
Protozoa
Rotifera
Gastropoda
Nematoda
Oligochaeta
Arthropoda
17
5/20/2010
Brachionus angularis
oligochaete
Euglypha
rhabditiform larvae
Cyclopoidea- nauplius
Lecane sp.
Lecane bulla
0 5 10 15 20 25
Relative mean abundance (%)
Mean Abundances of
Zooplankton in the Inner and
Outer Pool Area
250
200
(no. of inds./m3)
Mean abundance
150
In
Out
100
50
0
8 10 12 14 16
Month
18
5/20/2010
40
38
Temperature (C)
36 In
34 Out
32
30
8 10 12 14 16
Month
8
7
6
DO (mg/l)
5
In
4
Out
3
2
1
0
8 10 12 14 16
Month
19
5/20/2010
20
5/20/2010
Conclusions
1. Number of taxa: 23 zooplankton and 9
macrobenthos in Cuyab Hot Spring and 17
zooplankton in Laguna Hot Spring
2. Abundance :
a. Rotifera dominated; Copepod nauplius,
Bdelloidea and Brachionus angularis ; Thiaridae,
Melanoides and Pomacea (Cuyab Hot Spring)
b. Protozoa dominated, Ciliates, Bdelloids,
Centropyxis, and Brachionus angularis (Laguna Hot
Spring )
21
5/20/2010
22