Kartik.M.

Banagar
1MS08ME076
Product Design & Manufacturing

Introduction to Value
Engineering and Product Design
 -:CONTENTS:-

Introduction to Value Engineering

 Definition
 Origins
 VE as a structured thought process

Introduction to Product Design

 Definition
 Approach
 Stages of Product Design
 Introduction to Value Engineering

 Definition
 Origins
 VE as a structured thought process

Definition

  'A systematic method to improve the "value" of goods or products

and services by using an examination of function.'

 Value is defined as the ratio of function to cost.

 Value can therefore be increased by either improving the function or reducing the  cost.
 It is a primary principle of value engineering that basic functions be preserved and not
be reduced as a consequence of pursuing value improvements.
 A technique in which the value of a system’s outputs is  optimized by crafting a mix of
performance (function) and costs.
 Practice identifies and removes unnecessary expenditures, thereby increasing the value
for the manufacturer and/or their customers.
Origins
 Value engineering began at General Electric Co. during World War II.
 Because of the war, there were shortages of skilled labour, raw materials, and
component parts.
 Lawrence Miles, Jerry Leftow, and Harry Erlicher at G.E. looked for acceptable
substitutes. They noticed that these substitutions often reduced costs, improved the
product, or both.
 What started out as an accident of necessity was turned into a systematic process.
They called their technique “value analysis”.

VE as a structured thought process

 Information gathering - This asks what the requirements are for the object. It tries to
determine what functions or performance characteristics are important.

 What does the object do?

 What should it do?
 What could it do?
 What must it not do?

 Alternative generation (creation)

 What are the various alternative ways of meeting requirements?

 What else will perform the desired function?

 Evaluation

 In this stage all the alternatives are assessed by evaluating " How well they meet
the required functions and how great will the cost savings be??"

 Presentation

 In the final stage, the best alternative will be chosen and presented to the client
for final decision.
 Introduction to Product Design

 Definition
 Approach
 Stages of Product Design

Definition

Product design is concerned with the efficient and effective

generation and development of ideas through a process that leads to new
products.
Product design is sometimes confused with industrial design, industrial design is
concerned with the aspect of that process that brings that sort of artistic form and
usability usually associated with craft design to that of mass produced goods.

Approach
Product Designers

 Conceptualize and Evaluate ideas.
 Make ideas tangible through products in a more systematic approach. Their role
 Combine art, science and technology to create ideas to reality.
 Utilize digital tools that allow designers to communicate, visualize
and analyze ideas in a way that would have taken greater manpower in the past.
Initial Stage





Stages of Product Design

Idea Generation can be from imagination,  observation, or  research.

Need Based Generation can be from the need to solve a problem.

Specifically targeting the need to follow the popular trends or the need for a product to do a
specific task.

Middle Stage

Design Solutions arise from meeting user needs, concept development, form

exploration, ergonomics, prototyping, materials, and technology.
Production involves fabrication  and  manufacturing  the design.

Final Stage

 Marketing involves selling the product.

It can either be client based which mean a client buys the design and manufactures it
and then sells it to customers.
it can be user based where the product is sold directly to the user by the designer. u
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