A

Jason’s Mathematical Dictionary -1-
A
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
An angle whose measure is acute
Acute Angle between zero degrees and
90 degrees.
A figure formed by 2 rays

that begin at the same
point. The rays are the
Angle sides of the angle and the
point is the vertex of the
angle.
In the direction opposite

Anti-clockwise to the rotation of the
hands of a clock.
Apex is the highest point

of solid or plane figure
Apex with respect to a line or
plane chosen as base.
Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

To estimate a number,
Example: if the bus ride takes 57 minutes,
amount or total, often
Approximation rounding it off to the
you could say "A one hour bus ride", that
would be an approximation.
nearest 10 or 100.
A portion of the
Arc circumference of a circle.
The area is 9 square units

A measure of how much
surface is covered by a
figure. Area is measured
Area in square units. The
number of square units
needed to cover a given
surface.
The "Associative Laws" say

that it doesn't matter how
you group the numbers
when you add. Or when you
Associative
multiply.
Law
In other words it doesn't Example addition: (2 + 4) + 5 = 2 + (4 + 5)
matter which you calculate Because 6 + 5 = 2 + 9 = 11
first.
Example: what is the mean of 2, 7 and 9?

Add the numbers: 2 + 7 + 9 = 18
A calculated "central" Divide by how many numbers (i.e. we added
Average value of a set of numbers. 3 numbers): 18 ÷ 3 = 6
So the Mean is 6

A reference line drawn on

Axis a graph (you can measure
from it to find values).

B
Vocabulary Example
Word:
Definition
Base It is the number that is In the expression 23, 2 is the base and is
(in exponential used as a repeated factor. used as a factor 3 times.
notation)
A side of a polygon or a
Base face of a solid figure by
(in geometry) which the figure is
measured or named.
A number system using the

base number 2.
Binary
Binary numbers are written
Numbers using the digits 0 and 1 to
express each number.

The line that divides

something into two equal
parts.
Bisector
You can bisect lines, angles,
and more.

C
Vocabulary Example
Definition
Word:
To work out an answer,

Calculate usually by adding,
multiplying etc.
Example: Calculate the cost of 10 apples

when each apple costs 0.50. Answer: 10 x
0.50 = 5.00
The amount of liquid a

Capacity container can hold.
Cardinal numbers (or

cardinals) are numbers
Cardinal that say how many of
numbers something there are, such
as one, two, three, four,
five.
Example: there are five coins.

A way to pinpoint where

Cartesian you are on a map or graph
Coordinates by how far along and how
far up or down the point is.
Example: the point (12,5) is 12 units along,

and 5 units up.
Celsius (or "degrees

Celsius", or sometimes
"Centigrade"), is a
temperature scale.
Celsius
It is used to tell how hot
or cold something is.
It is often written as °C
A straight line connecting

Chord two points on a curve.
a straight line connecting two points on a

circle's circumference would be a chord.
The distance around the

edge of a circle (or any
Circumference curvy shape).
It is a kind of perimeter.

Moving in the direction of

Clockwise the hands on a clock.
A number used to multiply

Coefficient a variable.
Example: 4y means 4 times y, and y is a

variable, so 4 is a coefficient
Collinear A set of points that lie in a

Points straight line.
The "Commutative Laws"

say that you can swap
numbers around and still
Commutative
get the same answer when
Law you add. Examples:
You can swap when you add: 6 + 3 = 3 + 6
Or when you multiply. You can swap when you multiply: 2 × 4 = 4 ×
2
Two Angles are

complementary if they add
Complementary
up to 90 degrees (a Right
Angle Angle). They don't have to
be next to each other.

Composite Not Composite

Numbers Numbers
Number Factors Number Factors
4 1, 2, 4 1 1
Composite A natural number that has
1, 2, 3,
6 2 1, 2
number 3 or more factors. 6
1, 2, 4,
8 3 1, 3
8
9 1, 3, 9 5 1, 5
(2, 3) is a coordinate. The x-coordinate 2

An ordered pair of
tells how many units to move horizontally
numbers that give the
Coordinate location of a point in a
starting at the origin. The y-coordinate 3
tells how many units to move in the vertical
coordinate grid. direction.
Coordinate
Grid
or A plane formed by 2 real
Coordinate number lines called axes
Plane that intersect at a right
angle.
or
Cartesian
Plane
A view into the inside of

something made by cutting
through it.
Cross Section In geometry it is the shape

made when a solid is cut
through parallel to the
base. This is a cross-section of a piece of celery.
A cube is a box-shaped
Cube solid object that has six
identical square faces.

Jason’s Mathematical Dictionary - 10 -
A cuboid is a box-shaped
solid object.
It has six flat sides and all

Cuboid angles are right angles.
And all of its faces are

rectangles.
A solid object with:
* two identical flat ends

that are circular or
elliptical
Cylinder
* and one curved side.
It has the same cross-

section from one end to
the other.

D
Vocabulary Example
Word:
Definition
Numbered or proceeding
Denary
by tens; based on ten;
System "the decimal system".
These are "0," "1," "2," "3," "4,"

"5," "6," "7," "8" and "9."
The number below the

fraction bar in a fraction.
It represents the number
Denominator of equal parts into which 7
18 is the
the whole (or ONE or 18
denominator.
unit) is divided.
A straight line inside a

shape that goes from one
corner to another (but
not an edge).
Diagonal So, if you join two

vertices of a polygon
which are not already
joined by an edge, you get
a diagonal.

A straight line going

through the center of a
Diameter circle connecting two
points on the
circumference.
The "Distributive Law" 3 × (2 + 4) = 3×2 + 3×4

says you get the same So, the 3 × can be "distributed"
across the 2+4 into: 3×2 plus 3×4.
answer when you:
* multiply a number by a
Distributive
group of numbers added
Law together
* as when you do each

multiply separately then
add them.

E
Vocabulary Example
Definition
Word:
The segment formed
when 2 faces of a solid
Edge figure meet.
A number sentence with

Equation an equal sign.
5 x 4 = 20 or 2x + 5 = 22
For any polyhedron that

doesn't intersect itself,
the
• Number of Faces
• plus the Number
of Vertices
(corner points)
Euler’s • minus the Number
Formula of Edges
always equals 2
This can be written:
F + V - E = 2
A cube has 6 Faces, 8 Vertices, and 12 Edges,
so:
6 + 8 - 12 = 2

A mathematical formula
in complex analysis that
establishes the deep
Euler’s
relationship between the
Formula trigonometric functions
and the complex
exponential function.
52x (5 - 2)
To find the value of a
25 x 3
Evaluate mathematical expression.
75
(Solve)
The exponent of a
number shows you how
many times the number is
to be used in a
Exponent multiplication.
It is written as a small
number to the right and
In this example: 82 = 8 × 8 = 64
above the base number.
The angle formed outside

Exterior Angle a polygon when one side is
extended.

F
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
The number of flat

Face Value surfaces of a solid figure.
The cube has 6 faces, so the face number is
6.
A number that is
Factor
multiplied by another
Number number to find a product.
2X3=6
2 and 3 are factors of 6.
Finding what to multiply

Factorize to get an expression
Example: 2y+6 = 2(y+3),

so the factors of 2y+6 are 2 and (y+3)
The sequence of
numbers:
0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,...
Fibonacci So after 1 and 1, the next number is 1+1=2,
Sequence the next is 1+2=3, the next is 2+3=5 and so
Each number equals the on.
sum of the two numbers
before it.

Able to be counted,
limited
Finite
Opposite to infinite There are a finite number of people at this
(infinity). beach.
There are also a finite number of grains of

sand at this beach.
The length of the beach is also finite.
Also called flow sheet. a

detailed diagram or chart
of the operations and
equipment through which
material passes, as in a
manufacturing process.
Flow Chart
a graphic representation,
using symbols
interconnected with lines,
of the successive steps in
a procedure or system.

G
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
A diagram of values,
Graph usually shown as lines or
bars.

H
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
A triangle with sides a, b, and c.
In geometry, Heron's (or

Hero's) formula, named
after Heron of
Heron’s
Alexandria, states that
Formula the area A of a triangle where s is the semiperimeter of the
triangle:
whose sides have lengths
a, b, and c.
Heron's formula can also be written as:

I
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
Without an end. Not

Infinite finite.
Example: There are infinite whole numbers (0,
1, 2, 3, 4, ... )

M
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
The average or the sum
2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 8
of a set of numbers
Mean divided by the number of
(2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 5 + 8) ÷ 6 = 4.5
The mean is 4.5
addends.
The middle number or the

average of the two
middle numbers in a set
Median of data when the data
are listed in order from
smallest to largest.
2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 11
The mode is 8.
The number or numbers
that occur most 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 11
Mode frequently in a set of The modes are 5 and 8.
data.
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 17
There is no mode.
Multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, . . .

The result of multiplying
Multiples of 8: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, . . .
by an integer (a positive
Multiple or negative whole number
Example: 4 × 5 = 20
or zero). 20 is a multiple of 4 and also of 5

N
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
The whole numbers from
1 upwards: 1, 2, 3, and so
on ...
Or from 0 upwards in
Natural
some fields of
Numbers mathematics: 0, 1, 2, 3
and so on ...
No negative numbers and

no fractions.
The number or
expression above the
Numerator fraction bar in a fraction.
The numerator represents how many pieces of

the whole that are discussed.

O
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
An angle that measures

between 90 degrees and
Obtuse Angle 180 degrees.

P
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
The distance around a

Perimeter figure; the sum of the
lengths of the sides.
Example: the perimeter of this rectangle is

3+7+3+7 = 20
Lines that intersect to

Perpendicular form 90 degree angles, or
right angles.
A closed figure made up

of 3 or more line
Polygon segments.
Examples: triangles, rectangles and pentagons.
Prime Factor A factor that is a prime

number. One of the prime
numbers that, when
multiplied, give the

original number.
Example: The prime factors of 15 are 3 and 5
(3x5=15, and 3 and 5 are prime numbers).
Example: 7 can be divided evenly only by 1 or

7, so it is a prime number.
Example: 6 can be divided evenly by 1, 2, 3

and 6 so it is a composite number.
A Prime Number can be

divided evenly only by 1
Prime Number or itself.
And it must be greater
than 1.
Prime Numbers in red.
A solid object that has

two identical ends and all
flat sides.
Prism
The cross section is the
The shape of the ends give the prism a name,
same all along its length.
for example this is a "triangular prism"
because it has triangular ends.
A solid object where:
* The base is a polygon (a

straight-sided flat shape)
Pyramid
* The sides are triangles
which meet at the top This is a square pyramid, but there are also
(the apex). triangular pyramids, pentagonal pyramids, and
so on.


Q
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
A flat shape with four

Quadrilateral straight sides.
How much there is of

Quantity something.
Example: What is the quantity of rice?

You could say "a handful", or you could
even count them "1262" !

R
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
A segment that has the

center as one endpoint
Radius and a point on the circle
as the other endpoint.
Month June July Aug. Sept. Oct.

The difference between
Range the largest and smallest Temp. 82°F 80°F 83°F 82°F 82°F
numbers in a set of data. The greatest temperature is 83°F.

The least temperature is 80°F.
Since 83 - 80 = 3, the range is 3°F.
The numbers that can be

arranged to form a
rectangle are called
Rectangular Numbers.
Rectangular
Number Rectangular numbers are The number 45 can be arranged in
always represented in rectangular form as shown above. The
rectangular array of rows first rectangular form is horizontal.
and columns.
It can also be shown in vertical form.

S
Vocabulary
Word:
Definition Example
A "pie-slice" part of a
circle - the area between
Sector two radiuses and the
connecting arc of a circle.
The area of a circle made

Segment by a line and an arc
A three dimensional
Solid object: width, depth and
height.
Examples include, spheres, cubes,

pyramids and cylinders

Square To multiply a number by

Number itself.
Example: 4 × 4 = 16

T
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
Triangular A number that can make

Number a triangular dot pattern.
Example: 1, 3, 6, 10 and 15 are triangular

numbers

V
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
A diagram that is used to
show relationships
Venn Diagram between sets.
A point where two or

more rays meet, where
sides of a polygon meet,
or where edges of a
Vertex polyhedron meet; the top
point of a cone or
pyramid; in a network, a
point that represents an
object.
The amount of 3-
dimensional space an
object occupies. Capacity.
Volume Units of volume include:

Metric: cubic
For this example the volume is
centimeters (cm3), cubic
4×5×10 = 200 units3
meters (m3), liters

W
Vocabulary
Definition Example
Word:
The numbers {0, 1, 2,
3, ...} etc.
Example: 5, 49 and 980 are all whole
Whole Number There is no fractional or
numbers.
decimal part. And no

negatives.

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Jason’s Mathematical Dictionary -1-

A figure formed by 2 rays

In the direction opposite

Apex is the highest point

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

The area is 9 square units

The "Associative Laws" say

Example: what is the mean of 2, 7 and 9?

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

A reference line drawn on

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

A number system using the

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

The line that divides

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

To work out an answer,

Example: Calculate the cost of 10 apples

The amount of liquid a

Cardinal numbers (or

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

A way to pinpoint where

Example: the point (12,5) is 12 units along,

Celsius (or "degrees

A straight line connecting

a straight line connecting two points on a

The distance around the

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

Moving in the direction of

A number used to multiply

Example: 4y means 4 times y, and y is a

Collinear A set of points that lie in a

The "Commutative Laws"

Two Angles are

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

Composite Not Composite

(2, 3) is a coordinate. The x-coordinate 2

A view into the inside of

Cross Section In geometry it is the shape

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

It has six flat sides and all

And all of its faces are

A solid object with:

* two identical flat ends

It has the same cross-

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

These are "0," "1," "2," "3," "4,"

The number below the

A straight line inside a

Diagonal So, if you join two

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

A straight line going

The "Distributive Law" 3 × (2 + 4) = 3×2 + 3×4

* as when you do each

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

A number sentence with

For any polyhedron that

This can be written:

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

The angle formed outside

Jason Miller Mr. Campbell

The number of flat

Finding what to multiply

Example: 2y+6 = 2(y+3),